79C3C34C52B45572883A05D425EB0F82
Charter of Ethics and Guiding Principles of Scientific Research in Lebanon
http://www.cnrs.edu.lb/Library/Files/Uploaded%20Files/Charter_of_Ethics_En.pdf
http://leaux.net/URLS/ConvertAPI Text Files/F5C4ABA67D8C6171867CBD1BD1A29A29.en.txt
Examining the file media/Synopses/F5C4ABA67D8C6171867CBD1BD1A29A29.html:
This file was generated: 2021-02-09 23:10:51
| Indicators in focus are typically shown highlighted in yellow; |
Peer Indicators (that share the same Vulnerability association) are shown highlighted in pink; |
"Outside" Indicators (those that do NOT share the same Vulnerability association) are shown highlighted in green; |
Trigger Words/Phrases are shown highlighted in gray. |
Link to Orphaned Trigger Words (Appendix (Indicator List, Indicator Peers, Trigger Words, Type/Vulnerability/Indicator Overlay)
Applicable Type / Vulnerability / Indicator Overlay for this Input
Political / Criminal Convictions
Searching for indicator prisoners:
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p.000015: any genetic material…) that are isolated or sampled for immediate use for treatment purposes and /or research or for
p.000015: storage and later use in research or any other purpose.
p.000015: In view of its critical and important medical and social implications, research on human genetic
p.000015: material, stem cells and other tissues, extracted from identified or undetermined sources, should
p.000015: be subject to careful legal and ethical scrutiny before the attribution of approval regardless of
p.000015: knowledge or ignorance of their origin. (Lebanese law #574, dated 13/02/2004 regarding patient rights and
p.000015: # 625, dated 20/11/2004, regarding investigation on human genetic material). Extreme measures to minimize risk
p.000015: exposure and maximize benefits should be taken when research is to be performed on human subjects.
p.000015: Regardless of the studies’ aims and objectives, researcher should pay respect to human dignity and
p.000015: consider good health and wellbeing of human subject of research as prime objective of the study and
p.000015: beyond any expected material benefit or reward. Human freedom and confidentiality and protection of
p.000015: private life conditions and independence of participants should be strictly respected. Special precautions and
p.000015: care should be taken when studies are performed on vulnerable groups (children, people with mental
p.000015: disability, prisoners, handicapped persons…).
p.000015: No coerced, compulsory or involuntary participation of subjects in research projects is allowed. Participants are
p.000015: clearly informed about that their participation in the research is voluntary and that they have the right to withdraw
p.000015: at any stage during the execution of the study. All precaution measures should be taken to protect against
p.000015: any potential harm to participants. For this purpose, potential participants receive prior information, and
p.000015: in simplified and clear way and language, about the context /explanation of the research, aim, nature, methods and
p.000015: procedures of the study, expected benefits and risks to the participant, alternative treatments, extent to which
p.000015: confidentiality of records will be maintained, compensation or medical treatment if injury occurs in
p.000015: addition to unrevealing the identity of the potential sponsor. A detailed informative document defined as “Informed
p.000015: Consent”, that includes the above mentioned information, is made available along with a declared informed
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 8
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: consent form to be signed by each participant and physician responsible for the research study. The
...
Political / political affiliation
Searching for indicator political:
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p.000015: 1.2.7. The researcher should conduct his/her activities, according to the highest standards and
p.000015: objectivity, without being influenced by any expected material or moral reward.
p.000015: 1.2.8. He/she should show care and concern in the use of needed materiel for his research and avoid abuse and
p.000015: unjustified of resources.
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 6
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: 1.3. Adhesion to international principles and declarations
p.000015: 1.3.1. Respect and strict adherence to the “International Declaration of Human Rights” are required from researcher
p.000015: and especially when it is related to discrimination based on ethnicity, race, religious, gender or age or on
p.000015: any other factor not related to competence and scientific integrity of workers in a scientific program.
p.000015: 1.3.2. In all forms of publications, researchers should disclose clearly all institutions and agencies
p.000015: that provided financial or logistic support for the execution of the project and to honor the protocol and conditions
p.000015: of collaboration.
p.000015: 1.3.3. Researcher should abstain from using the results of his/her research to promote or support any
p.000015: kind of political, racial or religious affiliation. He/she should not be influenced by factors related to his
p.000015: opinion, subjective feelings or personal interest.
p.000015:
p.000015: 1.4. Principles of impartiality, objectivity and professional confidentiality.
p.000015: 1.4.1. Researcher should comply with the principle of neutrality and impartiality, in the presentation of
p.000015: the results of his/her research or in the assessment of the results of others.
p.000015: 1.4.2. Principal investigator in charge of directing a team of assistants and students should be highly qualified to
p.000015: ensure the following:
p.000015: • Provide clear instructions and directives for the execution of the project,
p.000015: • Adopt equity and fairness in the distribution of roles and functions within the team based on the qualifications
p.000015: and skills of each member,
p.000015: • Check carefully the conditions of security and protection of his/her staff.
p.000015: • Abstain from exerting any form of harassment; intellectual or moral pressure on members of his/her team
p.000015: • Recognize explicitly the role of each contributor to the research
p.000015: 1.4.3. During the process of peer evaluation, he/she should declare, in all transparency, any possible conflict of
p.000015: interest. He/she should also unravel any positive or negative relationship between him/her and the research
p.000015: group or individuals under evaluation, which might influence his/her opinion and lead to bias in his/her evaluation.
...
Political / vulnerable
Searching for indicator vulnerable:
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p.000015: treatments (chemical, physical, surgical…) of a disease. These investigations can target directly the human body
p.000015: or any extracted component (such as fluids, biopsies, cells and tissues, reproductive cells, stem cells and
p.000015: any genetic material…) that are isolated or sampled for immediate use for treatment purposes and /or research or for
p.000015: storage and later use in research or any other purpose.
p.000015: In view of its critical and important medical and social implications, research on human genetic
p.000015: material, stem cells and other tissues, extracted from identified or undetermined sources, should
p.000015: be subject to careful legal and ethical scrutiny before the attribution of approval regardless of
p.000015: knowledge or ignorance of their origin. (Lebanese law #574, dated 13/02/2004 regarding patient rights and
p.000015: # 625, dated 20/11/2004, regarding investigation on human genetic material). Extreme measures to minimize risk
p.000015: exposure and maximize benefits should be taken when research is to be performed on human subjects.
p.000015: Regardless of the studies’ aims and objectives, researcher should pay respect to human dignity and
p.000015: consider good health and wellbeing of human subject of research as prime objective of the study and
p.000015: beyond any expected material benefit or reward. Human freedom and confidentiality and protection of
p.000015: private life conditions and independence of participants should be strictly respected. Special precautions and
p.000015: care should be taken when studies are performed on vulnerable groups (children, people with mental
p.000015: disability, prisoners, handicapped persons…).
p.000015: No coerced, compulsory or involuntary participation of subjects in research projects is allowed. Participants are
p.000015: clearly informed about that their participation in the research is voluntary and that they have the right to withdraw
p.000015: at any stage during the execution of the study. All precaution measures should be taken to protect against
p.000015: any potential harm to participants. For this purpose, potential participants receive prior information, and
p.000015: in simplified and clear way and language, about the context /explanation of the research, aim, nature, methods and
p.000015: procedures of the study, expected benefits and risks to the participant, alternative treatments, extent to which
p.000015: confidentiality of records will be maintained, compensation or medical treatment if injury occurs in
p.000015: addition to unrevealing the identity of the potential sponsor. A detailed informative document defined as “Informed
p.000015: Consent”, that includes the above mentioned information, is made available along with a declared informed
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 8
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
...
Health / Drug Usage
Searching for indicator influence:
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p.000015: kind of political, racial or religious affiliation. He/she should not be influenced by factors related to his
p.000015: opinion, subjective feelings or personal interest.
p.000015:
p.000015: 1.4. Principles of impartiality, objectivity and professional confidentiality.
p.000015: 1.4.1. Researcher should comply with the principle of neutrality and impartiality, in the presentation of
p.000015: the results of his/her research or in the assessment of the results of others.
p.000015: 1.4.2. Principal investigator in charge of directing a team of assistants and students should be highly qualified to
p.000015: ensure the following:
p.000015: • Provide clear instructions and directives for the execution of the project,
p.000015: • Adopt equity and fairness in the distribution of roles and functions within the team based on the qualifications
p.000015: and skills of each member,
p.000015: • Check carefully the conditions of security and protection of his/her staff.
p.000015: • Abstain from exerting any form of harassment; intellectual or moral pressure on members of his/her team
p.000015: • Recognize explicitly the role of each contributor to the research
p.000015: 1.4.3. During the process of peer evaluation, he/she should declare, in all transparency, any possible conflict of
p.000015: interest. He/she should also unravel any positive or negative relationship between him/her and the research
p.000015: group or individuals under evaluation, which might influence his/her opinion and lead to bias in his/her evaluation.
p.000015: In this case he/she should promptly withdraw from the process and declare the reason for that.
p.000015: 1.4.4. Researcher refereeing a work or a study, should keep secret all information and results under review. He/she
p.000015: should also abstain from using the presented data in his/her own work, until the publication of the refereed
p.000015: work. Any breach of the principles of confidentiality can be considered as unethical behavior and will expose the
p.000015: referee to legal pursuit.
p.000015: 1.4.5. In the case of providing expert opinion or consultancy for fee, the researcher should disclose the nature of
p.000015: the relationship to his/her employer, and comply with the rules governing the type of offered services and their fees.
p.000015:
p.000015: The following three boxes contain further explanation/information related to ethical principles governing scientific
p.000015: research performed on humans or in the fields of humanities and social science. Emphasis is placed on these fields due
p.000015: to their specific requirement for scientific integrity and the importance of their implications on human
p.000015: health and social wellbeing.
p.000015:
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 7
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: Box 1. Ethics principles in medicine and human genetics research.
p.000015: Research targeting directly human subjects, constitutes a priority and a major topic of the present “charter”. It
...
Health / Mentally Disabled
Searching for indicator disability:
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p.000015: any genetic material…) that are isolated or sampled for immediate use for treatment purposes and /or research or for
p.000015: storage and later use in research or any other purpose.
p.000015: In view of its critical and important medical and social implications, research on human genetic
p.000015: material, stem cells and other tissues, extracted from identified or undetermined sources, should
p.000015: be subject to careful legal and ethical scrutiny before the attribution of approval regardless of
p.000015: knowledge or ignorance of their origin. (Lebanese law #574, dated 13/02/2004 regarding patient rights and
p.000015: # 625, dated 20/11/2004, regarding investigation on human genetic material). Extreme measures to minimize risk
p.000015: exposure and maximize benefits should be taken when research is to be performed on human subjects.
p.000015: Regardless of the studies’ aims and objectives, researcher should pay respect to human dignity and
p.000015: consider good health and wellbeing of human subject of research as prime objective of the study and
p.000015: beyond any expected material benefit or reward. Human freedom and confidentiality and protection of
p.000015: private life conditions and independence of participants should be strictly respected. Special precautions and
p.000015: care should be taken when studies are performed on vulnerable groups (children, people with mental
p.000015: disability, prisoners, handicapped persons…).
p.000015: No coerced, compulsory or involuntary participation of subjects in research projects is allowed. Participants are
p.000015: clearly informed about that their participation in the research is voluntary and that they have the right to withdraw
p.000015: at any stage during the execution of the study. All precaution measures should be taken to protect against
p.000015: any potential harm to participants. For this purpose, potential participants receive prior information, and
p.000015: in simplified and clear way and language, about the context /explanation of the research, aim, nature, methods and
p.000015: procedures of the study, expected benefits and risks to the participant, alternative treatments, extent to which
p.000015: confidentiality of records will be maintained, compensation or medical treatment if injury occurs in
p.000015: addition to unrevealing the identity of the potential sponsor. A detailed informative document defined as “Informed
p.000015: Consent”, that includes the above mentioned information, is made available along with a declared informed
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 8
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: consent form to be signed by each participant and physician responsible for the research study. The
...
Social / Access to Social Goods
Searching for indicator access:
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p.000015: 3.5. Individual and groups working in private or public research institutions in Lebanon are banned from engaging
p.000015: in joint projects with agencies or groups belonging to countries boycotted by the Lebanese law. He/she complies in this
p.000015: regard with instructions of the Lebanese concerned authorities.
p.000015:
p.000015: ARTICLE 4. HANDLING AND PUBLISHING RESEARCH RESULTS
p.000015: 4.1. Clear record of the results of each project should be kept (in the form of soft or hard copy or in both forms)
p.000015: in a safe and proper way that warrants its accuracy and integrity in a way providing the possibility of revision
p.000015: or replication, when needed. For this purpose each laboratory should have a daily book-record for each researcher
p.000015: working on a specific project. This daily record, that cannot be tempered or falsified, provides the possibility of
p.000015: monitoring the progression of work till the final steps and can serve as basic reference in case of conflict
p.000015: between partners or for verification of results in case
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 10
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: of a complaint or a doubt about the reported results. Each researcher should keep this record available in the hosting
p.000015: institution (including raw data as soft or hard copies or both), for a minimum period of five years after the
p.000015: completion of a project and publication of the results. All results and data of the research are the property of
p.000015: the host institution of the project. Special authorization to access and use of stored data can be attributed to the
p.000015: principal investigator, according to the regulations adopted by the institution.
p.000015: 4.2. Publication of research results is a top priority for the researcher and for several reasons, including the
p.000015: assurance of intellectual property and the confirmation of his/her contribution to the advancement of
p.000015: knowledge in his/her field of specialty. It is highly recommended to comply with the following directive:
p.000015: ➢ Same original results should not be published in more than one refereed journal.
p.000015: ➢ Researcher should abstain from artificial splitting of the same results to be published in more than
p.000015: one article.
p.000015: ➢ Publication of original results can be delayed when there is a possibility of use for patent or other scientific,
p.000015: industrial or strategic implications.
p.000015: 4.3. Researcher should have deep knowledge of contributions (articles and other documents) related to his/her field
p.000015: of study. She/he should, therefore, cite relevant references used in developing any new project. She/he should, also,
p.000015: provide clear and detailed description of the methods and techniques used in the project and discuss
p.000015: objectively the results avoiding any bias or distortion of facts in support of a preconceived hypothesis
p.000015: or a desired result. Use of previously published material or data should, when needed, follow the general rules of
p.000015: seeking prior authorization given by authors and publishers.
p.000015: 4.4. Researcher should be careful when making announcements about “completed work” or “in preparation” before
...
Social / Age
Searching for indicator age:
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p.000015: 1.2.3. Researcher should avoid all aspects of plagiarism and misuse of the results of others and recognize openly the
p.000015: achievements of other researchers in his/her field.
p.000015: 1.2.4. He/she should not over evaluate results.
p.000015: 1.2.5. Researcher should avoid subjective evaluation and intrusion in the privacy of the studied
p.000015: individuals or groups.
p.000015: 1.2.6. When evaluating proposals of others, researcher should observe precision and objectivity and
p.000015: respect the opinions and ideas of colleagues and other contributors to research.
p.000015: 1.2.7. The researcher should conduct his/her activities, according to the highest standards and
p.000015: objectivity, without being influenced by any expected material or moral reward.
p.000015: 1.2.8. He/she should show care and concern in the use of needed materiel for his research and avoid abuse and
p.000015: unjustified of resources.
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 6
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: 1.3. Adhesion to international principles and declarations
p.000015: 1.3.1. Respect and strict adherence to the “International Declaration of Human Rights” are required from researcher
p.000015: and especially when it is related to discrimination based on ethnicity, race, religious, gender or age or on
p.000015: any other factor not related to competence and scientific integrity of workers in a scientific program.
p.000015: 1.3.2. In all forms of publications, researchers should disclose clearly all institutions and agencies
p.000015: that provided financial or logistic support for the execution of the project and to honor the protocol and conditions
p.000015: of collaboration.
p.000015: 1.3.3. Researcher should abstain from using the results of his/her research to promote or support any
p.000015: kind of political, racial or religious affiliation. He/she should not be influenced by factors related to his
p.000015: opinion, subjective feelings or personal interest.
p.000015:
p.000015: 1.4. Principles of impartiality, objectivity and professional confidentiality.
p.000015: 1.4.1. Researcher should comply with the principle of neutrality and impartiality, in the presentation of
p.000015: the results of his/her research or in the assessment of the results of others.
p.000015: 1.4.2. Principal investigator in charge of directing a team of assistants and students should be highly qualified to
p.000015: ensure the following:
p.000015: • Provide clear instructions and directives for the execution of the project,
p.000015: • Adopt equity and fairness in the distribution of roles and functions within the team based on the qualifications
p.000015: and skills of each member,
p.000015: • Check carefully the conditions of security and protection of his/her staff.
...
Social / Child
Searching for indicator children:
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p.000015: or any extracted component (such as fluids, biopsies, cells and tissues, reproductive cells, stem cells and
p.000015: any genetic material…) that are isolated or sampled for immediate use for treatment purposes and /or research or for
p.000015: storage and later use in research or any other purpose.
p.000015: In view of its critical and important medical and social implications, research on human genetic
p.000015: material, stem cells and other tissues, extracted from identified or undetermined sources, should
p.000015: be subject to careful legal and ethical scrutiny before the attribution of approval regardless of
p.000015: knowledge or ignorance of their origin. (Lebanese law #574, dated 13/02/2004 regarding patient rights and
p.000015: # 625, dated 20/11/2004, regarding investigation on human genetic material). Extreme measures to minimize risk
p.000015: exposure and maximize benefits should be taken when research is to be performed on human subjects.
p.000015: Regardless of the studies’ aims and objectives, researcher should pay respect to human dignity and
p.000015: consider good health and wellbeing of human subject of research as prime objective of the study and
p.000015: beyond any expected material benefit or reward. Human freedom and confidentiality and protection of
p.000015: private life conditions and independence of participants should be strictly respected. Special precautions and
p.000015: care should be taken when studies are performed on vulnerable groups (children, people with mental
p.000015: disability, prisoners, handicapped persons…).
p.000015: No coerced, compulsory or involuntary participation of subjects in research projects is allowed. Participants are
p.000015: clearly informed about that their participation in the research is voluntary and that they have the right to withdraw
p.000015: at any stage during the execution of the study. All precaution measures should be taken to protect against
p.000015: any potential harm to participants. For this purpose, potential participants receive prior information, and
p.000015: in simplified and clear way and language, about the context /explanation of the research, aim, nature, methods and
p.000015: procedures of the study, expected benefits and risks to the participant, alternative treatments, extent to which
p.000015: confidentiality of records will be maintained, compensation or medical treatment if injury occurs in
p.000015: addition to unrevealing the identity of the potential sponsor. A detailed informative document defined as “Informed
p.000015: Consent”, that includes the above mentioned information, is made available along with a declared informed
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 8
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
...
Social / Ethnicity
Searching for indicator ethnic:
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p.000015: This involves studies in the fields of social sciences, human sciences, education, history, psychology and
p.000015: other research on topics related to human behavior. Such studies entail the use of varying combinations of
p.000015: quantitative and qualitative methods or of one of them.
p.000015: The hosting institutions and/or the funding agencies of this research should exert careful assessment of the
p.000015: content, methodologies, objectives and potential benefits and risks of the studies. The researchers are requested to
p.000015: comply with the principles of ethics in this field of research, such as:
p.000015: - Prior approval of the protocol and procedures by the Institutional Review Board.
p.000015: - Prior approval by the individuals and groups concerned with research involved in the study
p.000015: - Strict observation of the requirements of confidentiality and the respect of the traditions and special
p.000015: values
p.000015: - Observation of principles of ethics and wisdom in the publication of the results and conclusions of these
p.000015: studies. Careful assessment of results and conclusions and approval, by the institutional ethical committee
p.000015: or Institutional Review Board, constitute a mandatory requirement before publication.
p.000015:
p.000015: Box 3. Research ethics in special fields of human studies.
p.000015: This consists of studies involving one or several social, religious or ethnic groups. In view of the fact that each of
p.000015: these groups may have its own culture and particular beliefs and values, it becomes difficult to subject such groups to
p.000015: same criteria used for the study of other social groups and to the same objective criteria and methods of experimental
p.000015: research. Such studies will entail, therefore, additional responsibilities to institutions and researchers
p.000015: undertaking the work on the special and general features characterizing these groups without reaching
p.000015: conclusions bringing harm to it or challenging their special values. Researchers are expected to observe
p.000015: extreme wisdom and vigilance in the analysis and reporting on the particularities of these groups.
p.000015:
p.000015: ARTICLE 2. BREACHES OF THE CODE OF ETHICS AND MISCONDUCT IN RESEARCH
p.000015: Incorrect practices in research constitute major (serious) harm to the credibility of researchers and
p.000015: their institutions, which casts doubt on the value of social investment in scientific research.
p.000015: The following are examples of misconduct in research:
p.000015:
p.000015: ➢ Fabrication of records and results to be published as authentic facts.
p.000015: ➢ Falsification and distortion of research protocols and manipulation of results and over evaluating
p.000015: some other results.
p.000015: ➢ Plagiarism, which consists of stealing ideas, results and sentences of others without acknowledging
p.000015: their contribution.
p.000015: ➢ Delivering wrong reporting about potential benefit and conflict of interest.
...
Searching for indicator ethnicity:
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p.000015: honesty and self-discipline.
p.000015: 1.2.2. Researcher should report and discuss the results of his/her research with transparency (strengths and
p.000015: weaknesses) and provide accurate description of the methods used and the results obtained.
p.000015: 1.2.3. Researcher should avoid all aspects of plagiarism and misuse of the results of others and recognize openly the
p.000015: achievements of other researchers in his/her field.
p.000015: 1.2.4. He/she should not over evaluate results.
p.000015: 1.2.5. Researcher should avoid subjective evaluation and intrusion in the privacy of the studied
p.000015: individuals or groups.
p.000015: 1.2.6. When evaluating proposals of others, researcher should observe precision and objectivity and
p.000015: respect the opinions and ideas of colleagues and other contributors to research.
p.000015: 1.2.7. The researcher should conduct his/her activities, according to the highest standards and
p.000015: objectivity, without being influenced by any expected material or moral reward.
p.000015: 1.2.8. He/she should show care and concern in the use of needed materiel for his research and avoid abuse and
p.000015: unjustified of resources.
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 6
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: 1.3. Adhesion to international principles and declarations
p.000015: 1.3.1. Respect and strict adherence to the “International Declaration of Human Rights” are required from researcher
p.000015: and especially when it is related to discrimination based on ethnicity, race, religious, gender or age or on
p.000015: any other factor not related to competence and scientific integrity of workers in a scientific program.
p.000015: 1.3.2. In all forms of publications, researchers should disclose clearly all institutions and agencies
p.000015: that provided financial or logistic support for the execution of the project and to honor the protocol and conditions
p.000015: of collaboration.
p.000015: 1.3.3. Researcher should abstain from using the results of his/her research to promote or support any
p.000015: kind of political, racial or religious affiliation. He/she should not be influenced by factors related to his
p.000015: opinion, subjective feelings or personal interest.
p.000015:
p.000015: 1.4. Principles of impartiality, objectivity and professional confidentiality.
p.000015: 1.4.1. Researcher should comply with the principle of neutrality and impartiality, in the presentation of
p.000015: the results of his/her research or in the assessment of the results of others.
p.000015: 1.4.2. Principal investigator in charge of directing a team of assistants and students should be highly qualified to
p.000015: ensure the following:
p.000015: • Provide clear instructions and directives for the execution of the project,
p.000015: • Adopt equity and fairness in the distribution of roles and functions within the team based on the qualifications
...
Social / Linguistic Proficiency
Searching for indicator language:
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p.000005: scientific and academic institutions involved in research in Lebanon. These Institutions committed themselves to adopt
p.000005: this Charter, to use it as a guide for development of detailed policies aiming to protect the transparency and the
p.000005: credibility of scholars and researchers, and to promote scientific research and creativity for
p.000005: social development.
p.000005:
p.000005: The text of this Charter is based on and inspired by several references and declarations adopted by research centers
p.000005: and academic institutions with international reputation. A special effort was made by the authors to adjust its content
p.000005: to the prevalent academic and research conditions in Lebanon.
p.000005:
p.000005: CNRS conducted this project with a partial support received from UNESCO (Partnership program
p.000005: 2014/2015) through the “UNESCO National Committee” and with consultation with the “National Advisory
p.000005: Committee on Ethics in Biology and Health”. Several experts from the Lebanese University, the American University
p.000005: of Beirut, the Saint Joseph University, the Lebanese American University, the Lebanese International University, the
p.000005: Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, the Balamand University, the Islamic University in Lebanon, Notre Dame
p.000005: University-Louaize and the Institute for Scientific Research in Agriculture, have contributed to discussions
p.000005: of the present document in public sessions.
p.000005:
p.000005:
p.000005:
p.000005:
p.000005:
p.000005:
p.000005:
p.000005:
p.000005: The document in Arabic language is to be considered as the exclusive reference in all queries about the
p.000005: content of this Charter.
p.000005:
p.000005:
p.000005:
p.000005:
p.000005:
p.000005:
p.000005:
p.000005:
p.000005:
p.000005:
p.000005:
p.000005:
p.000005:
p.000005:
p.000005:
p.000005:
p.000005: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 3
p.000005: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000005:
p.000005: Table of contents
p.000005: Page
p.000005: Preamble
p.000005: 5
p.000005: Article 1. Responsible conduct in scientific research 6
p.000005: 1.1. Respect of national rules and regulations 6
p.000005: 1.2. Respect of the established ethics principles. 6
p.000005: 1.3. Adhesion to or observation of international principles and declarations
p.000007: 7
p.000007: 1.4. Principles of impartiality, objectivity and professional confidentiality.
p.000007: 7
p.000007: Box 1. Principles of ethics in research in medicine and human genetics. 8
p.000007: Box 2. Ethics in Research in human sciences. 9
p.000007: Box 3. Research ethics in special fields of human studies. 9
p.000007: Article 2. Breaches of the code of ethics and misconduct in research. 9
...
p.000015: exposure and maximize benefits should be taken when research is to be performed on human subjects.
p.000015: Regardless of the studies’ aims and objectives, researcher should pay respect to human dignity and
p.000015: consider good health and wellbeing of human subject of research as prime objective of the study and
p.000015: beyond any expected material benefit or reward. Human freedom and confidentiality and protection of
p.000015: private life conditions and independence of participants should be strictly respected. Special precautions and
p.000015: care should be taken when studies are performed on vulnerable groups (children, people with mental
p.000015: disability, prisoners, handicapped persons…).
p.000015: No coerced, compulsory or involuntary participation of subjects in research projects is allowed. Participants are
p.000015: clearly informed about that their participation in the research is voluntary and that they have the right to withdraw
p.000015: at any stage during the execution of the study. All precaution measures should be taken to protect against
p.000015: any potential harm to participants. For this purpose, potential participants receive prior information, and
p.000015: in simplified and clear way and language, about the context /explanation of the research, aim, nature, methods and
p.000015: procedures of the study, expected benefits and risks to the participant, alternative treatments, extent to which
p.000015: confidentiality of records will be maintained, compensation or medical treatment if injury occurs in
p.000015: addition to unrevealing the identity of the potential sponsor. A detailed informative document defined as “Informed
p.000015: Consent”, that includes the above mentioned information, is made available along with a declared informed
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 8
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: consent form to be signed by each participant and physician responsible for the research study. The
p.000015: research team in charge is clearly identified and made available (reachable or on call) throughout the period of
p.000015: execution and after completion of the study.
p.000015: Box 2. Research ethics in human sciences.
p.000015: This involves studies in the fields of social sciences, human sciences, education, history, psychology and
p.000015: other research on topics related to human behavior. Such studies entail the use of varying combinations of
p.000015: quantitative and qualitative methods or of one of them.
p.000015: The hosting institutions and/or the funding agencies of this research should exert careful assessment of the
...
Social / Presence of Coercion
Searching for indicator coerced:
(return to top)
p.000015: storage and later use in research or any other purpose.
p.000015: In view of its critical and important medical and social implications, research on human genetic
p.000015: material, stem cells and other tissues, extracted from identified or undetermined sources, should
p.000015: be subject to careful legal and ethical scrutiny before the attribution of approval regardless of
p.000015: knowledge or ignorance of their origin. (Lebanese law #574, dated 13/02/2004 regarding patient rights and
p.000015: # 625, dated 20/11/2004, regarding investigation on human genetic material). Extreme measures to minimize risk
p.000015: exposure and maximize benefits should be taken when research is to be performed on human subjects.
p.000015: Regardless of the studies’ aims and objectives, researcher should pay respect to human dignity and
p.000015: consider good health and wellbeing of human subject of research as prime objective of the study and
p.000015: beyond any expected material benefit or reward. Human freedom and confidentiality and protection of
p.000015: private life conditions and independence of participants should be strictly respected. Special precautions and
p.000015: care should be taken when studies are performed on vulnerable groups (children, people with mental
p.000015: disability, prisoners, handicapped persons…).
p.000015: No coerced, compulsory or involuntary participation of subjects in research projects is allowed. Participants are
p.000015: clearly informed about that their participation in the research is voluntary and that they have the right to withdraw
p.000015: at any stage during the execution of the study. All precaution measures should be taken to protect against
p.000015: any potential harm to participants. For this purpose, potential participants receive prior information, and
p.000015: in simplified and clear way and language, about the context /explanation of the research, aim, nature, methods and
p.000015: procedures of the study, expected benefits and risks to the participant, alternative treatments, extent to which
p.000015: confidentiality of records will be maintained, compensation or medical treatment if injury occurs in
p.000015: addition to unrevealing the identity of the potential sponsor. A detailed informative document defined as “Informed
p.000015: Consent”, that includes the above mentioned information, is made available along with a declared informed
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 8
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: consent form to be signed by each participant and physician responsible for the research study. The
p.000015: research team in charge is clearly identified and made available (reachable or on call) throughout the period of
p.000015: execution and after completion of the study.
...
Social / Property Ownership
Searching for indicator property:
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p.000005: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000005:
p.000005: Table of contents
p.000005: Page
p.000005: Preamble
p.000005: 5
p.000005: Article 1. Responsible conduct in scientific research 6
p.000005: 1.1. Respect of national rules and regulations 6
p.000005: 1.2. Respect of the established ethics principles. 6
p.000005: 1.3. Adhesion to or observation of international principles and declarations
p.000007: 7
p.000007: 1.4. Principles of impartiality, objectivity and professional confidentiality.
p.000007: 7
p.000007: Box 1. Principles of ethics in research in medicine and human genetics. 8
p.000007: Box 2. Ethics in Research in human sciences. 9
p.000007: Box 3. Research ethics in special fields of human studies. 9
p.000007: Article 2. Breaches of the code of ethics and misconduct in research. 9
p.000007: Article 3. Proper execution of research and principles of collaboration. 10
p.000007: Article 4. Handling and publishing research results. 10
p.000007: Box.4: Bibliometry of scientific articles and journal ranking. 11
p.000007: Article 5. Authorship and intellectual property. 11
p.000007: Article 6. Exploitation of research results and ownership. 12
p.000007: Article 7. Responsibilities of institutions. 13
p.000007: References and resources
p.000015: 15
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 4
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: PREAMBLE
p.000015:
p.000015: Scientific research, in experimental and theoretical fields, is becoming a principal lever for the economic
p.000015: development in modern countries, with the prime objectives of increasing human knowledge and finding solutions
p.000015: to socio-economic challenges to improve conditions of life for future generations.
p.000015:
p.000015: However, the negative outcomes of scientific discovery and its negative social and environmental impacts
p.000015: have become, in some cases, equivalent to or greater than its beneficial (positive) aspects. In addition, the race
p.000015: for discoveries and the applications of advanced technology can constitute in several instances a
p.000015: potential threat to general health, the environment and natural resources. Social awareness and concerns
p.000015: about these potential harms are expressed, unfortunately, at a time when a real social and economic
...
p.000015: same criteria used for the study of other social groups and to the same objective criteria and methods of experimental
p.000015: research. Such studies will entail, therefore, additional responsibilities to institutions and researchers
p.000015: undertaking the work on the special and general features characterizing these groups without reaching
p.000015: conclusions bringing harm to it or challenging their special values. Researchers are expected to observe
p.000015: extreme wisdom and vigilance in the analysis and reporting on the particularities of these groups.
p.000015:
p.000015: ARTICLE 2. BREACHES OF THE CODE OF ETHICS AND MISCONDUCT IN RESEARCH
p.000015: Incorrect practices in research constitute major (serious) harm to the credibility of researchers and
p.000015: their institutions, which casts doubt on the value of social investment in scientific research.
p.000015: The following are examples of misconduct in research:
p.000015:
p.000015: ➢ Fabrication of records and results to be published as authentic facts.
p.000015: ➢ Falsification and distortion of research protocols and manipulation of results and over evaluating
p.000015: some other results.
p.000015: ➢ Plagiarism, which consists of stealing ideas, results and sentences of others without acknowledging
p.000015: their contribution.
p.000015: ➢ Delivering wrong reporting about potential benefit and conflict of interest.
p.000015: ➢ Breach of principles and rules administering intellectual property and rights of authorship in scientific
p.000015: publication.
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 9
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: ➢ Unintentional errors due to negligence and loose sense of responsibility are not considered misconduct in
p.000015: research and might not require immediate remedial measures. However, repetition of such errors, may lead to improper
p.000015: execution of research and lack of trust in its outcome.
p.000015: ➢ Inappropriate rectification of errors such as tolerating or hiding an irresponsible behavior
p.000015: or misconduct and ultimately penalizing the person who reported the error.
p.000015:
p.000015: ARTICLE 3. PROPER EXECUTION OF RESEARCH AND PRINCIPLES OF COLLABORATION
p.000015: 3.1. Modern trends in research and development are in favor of supporting collaborative research involving
p.000015: research teams with complimentary specialties. This trend is adopted, also, by national and international
p.000015: agencies supporting multidisciplinary programs in research.
p.000015: 3.2. The researcher shall preserve his/her freedom of thinking and expression and the decision of
p.000015: carrying independent research. Thus, it is up to researcher, when performing an individual research
p.000015: project, to decide on the selection of his research topic, the working hypothesis and the adequate methods
p.000015: for performing his work. Research options should be based on a well-balanced estimate of the expected positive
p.000015: outcome and the potential risks or negative impact on the workers in the projects and the environment and clarify the
p.000015: research limits and conclusions.
p.000015: 3.3. In choosing the optimal methods for the execution of his/her project, researcher should provide a detailed
p.000015: record of the experimental protocol and procedures used and make it available for any potential check or
p.000015: control. His conclusions should be based on a critical and objective analysis of the achieved results of the study.
p.000015: 3.4. Enrollment in a collaborative research project should be based on the principle of voluntary
p.000015: contribution. A clear agreement defining the roles, rights, authorship and intellectual property should be set
p.000015: before starting the project between the contributors. Clear information should be given to each contributor about his
p.000015: right to withdraw at any step of the execution of the project. Contributors should be, also, informed about the
p.000015: expected results from each set of experiments and about the adopted policy on intellectual property,
p.000015: publication, supervision of thesis work and the identity of funding agency(ies). The funding agency and the
p.000015: hosting institution (s) have the right, however, to assess the terms of partnership, the contributors and
p.000015: their ability to execute the study and the available resources before giving the permission to start the joint
p.000015: project
p.000015: 3.5. Individual and groups working in private or public research institutions in Lebanon are banned from engaging
p.000015: in joint projects with agencies or groups belonging to countries boycotted by the Lebanese law. He/she complies in this
p.000015: regard with instructions of the Lebanese concerned authorities.
p.000015:
p.000015: ARTICLE 4. HANDLING AND PUBLISHING RESEARCH RESULTS
p.000015: 4.1. Clear record of the results of each project should be kept (in the form of soft or hard copy or in both forms)
p.000015: in a safe and proper way that warrants its accuracy and integrity in a way providing the possibility of revision
p.000015: or replication, when needed. For this purpose each laboratory should have a daily book-record for each researcher
p.000015: working on a specific project. This daily record, that cannot be tempered or falsified, provides the possibility of
p.000015: monitoring the progression of work till the final steps and can serve as basic reference in case of conflict
p.000015: between partners or for verification of results in case
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 10
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: of a complaint or a doubt about the reported results. Each researcher should keep this record available in the hosting
p.000015: institution (including raw data as soft or hard copies or both), for a minimum period of five years after the
p.000015: completion of a project and publication of the results. All results and data of the research are the property of
p.000015: the host institution of the project. Special authorization to access and use of stored data can be attributed to the
p.000015: principal investigator, according to the regulations adopted by the institution.
p.000015: 4.2. Publication of research results is a top priority for the researcher and for several reasons, including the
p.000015: assurance of intellectual property and the confirmation of his/her contribution to the advancement of
p.000015: knowledge in his/her field of specialty. It is highly recommended to comply with the following directive:
p.000015: ➢ Same original results should not be published in more than one refereed journal.
p.000015: ➢ Researcher should abstain from artificial splitting of the same results to be published in more than
p.000015: one article.
p.000015: ➢ Publication of original results can be delayed when there is a possibility of use for patent or other scientific,
p.000015: industrial or strategic implications.
p.000015: 4.3. Researcher should have deep knowledge of contributions (articles and other documents) related to his/her field
p.000015: of study. She/he should, therefore, cite relevant references used in developing any new project. She/he should, also,
p.000015: provide clear and detailed description of the methods and techniques used in the project and discuss
p.000015: objectively the results avoiding any bias or distortion of facts in support of a preconceived hypothesis
p.000015: or a desired result. Use of previously published material or data should, when needed, follow the general rules of
p.000015: seeking prior authorization given by authors and publishers.
p.000015: 4.4. Researcher should be careful when making announcements about “completed work” or “in preparation” before
p.000015: reaching the final stage of completion of each of these citations; furthermore, s/he should avoid any unjustified
p.000015: claim of a work “under press” before submitting this work and receiving clear and final decision of acceptance.
p.000015:
p.000015: Box 4: Bibliometry of scientific articles and journal ranking.
p.000015: Researcher is free to choose between the different available media (printed periodicals or open
p.000015: electronic journals, etc...) for publication of the results of his study. It is highly recommended, however, to use
p.000015: refereed periodicals with established reputation in the field of work. It is important to note here
p.000015: that some bibliometric criteria used for journal ranking (such as “impact factor” and “citation index”) should not
p.000015: be considered enough and cannot be used as absolute criteria in the process of evaluation of researchers or academic
p.000015: promotion, without including other numerical and descriptive indicators of professionalism and scholarship.
p.000015:
p.000015: 4.5. When giving a public intervention or contribution to a scientific meeting, researcher should make
p.000015: distinction between personal opinions and effective results obtained by his research group or his institution.
p.000015:
p.000015: ARTICLE 5. AUTHORSHIP AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
p.000015: 5.1. Listing as author in a scientific article, should be based on clear proof of significant
p.000015: contribution to the planning, execution, analysis and interpretation of results and writing
p.000015:
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 11
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: the manuscript. These conditions make the person eligible to explain, present and defend the scientific work
p.000015: or at least a major part of it.
p.000015: 5.2. Listing the name of a person among authors should be based on his/her prior acceptance and this constitutes
p.000015: an implicit approval of published results and enough proof for benefiting from the outcome of this research,
p.000015: despite the relative importance of his/her contribution to the work.
p.000015: 5.3. Nomination of principal investigator and definition of the relative roles of all
p.000015: contributors in a project should be based on a prior agreement and a clear mechanism approved by the hosting
p.000015: institution. The nomination of the principal investigator and the definition of roles and relative contributions can
p.000015: serve as basic reference to avoid any conflict during execution of the project and publication of results and also its
p.000015: use for academic promotion or potential application.
p.000015: 5.4. Unjustified addition of a name to the list of authors of a person, whatever his/her position or
p.000015: the reason, should not be accepted by the principal investigator or tolerated by the hosting institution. Contributions
p.000015: of individuals who do not fulfil the conditions required for authorship (see 5.1), but who provided significant
...
p.000015: assistance) under “acknowledgement” at the end of each scientific article. This applies also to institutions and
p.000015: funding agencies that provide financial and logistic assistance.
p.000015:
p.000015: ARTICLE 6. EXPLOITATION OF RESEARCH OUTPUTS AND OWNERSHIP
p.000015: 6.1. Investments in research results and their applications, in the field of development and exchange of human
p.000015: knowledge and creativity, are the ultimate targets of researchers and institutions supporting scientific research.
p.000015: For this purpose, serious efforts should be oriented toward finding the optimal regulations governing the
p.000015: principles of partnership and mutual interests between researchers, academic institutions, research centers,
p.000015: funding and development agencies investing in the industrial and agricultural applications of
p.000015: research outcome and its transformation to new methods and products. Universities and research centers have a major
p.000015: responsibility in providing logistic and legal resources and support, aiming to secure mutual interests and the
p.000015: ownership rights of researchers.
p.000015: 6.2. All workers in a research project, including students, should commit to honor the principle of
p.000015: discretion and secrecy of information exchanged or produced within the project. A written agreement on
p.000015: confidentiality of research in a given project may be prepared, for this purpose, and any form of disclosure of the
p.000015: project’s results (article, oral or written communication…) should obtain prior approval from the principal
p.000015: researcher.
p.000015: 6.3. Results of a research project and ownership of intellectual property and potential return of its commercial
p.000015: applications, are to be considered as common property of all members based on their relative individual contribution
p.000015: defined by the signed initial agreement. Individual members of the working team have the right for public
p.000015: acknowledgment of their contribution.
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 12
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: 6.4. Each contributor is entitled to preserve his/her ownership rights, acquired before or outside, the
p.000015: signed agreement for a specific collaborative research project. Partners in a research project, have to comply,
p.000015: however, with the approved national and international general principles and regulations defining the intellectual
p.000015: property and the rights of the concerned individuals and institutions.
p.000015: 6.5. An agreement should be adopted on the relative share of each partner in the fees of the procedures for
p.000015: registering a patent and the protection of investment on the applications of the discovery. Moreover, the text of
p.000015: patent should contain clear citation of the names of all partners (individual or moral) who have the exclusive right to
p.000015: invest this patent. In case of absence of a prior agreement on partnership in the project, however, the
p.000015: ownership of the discovery is to be distributed to all the members of the team, based on their relative contribution to
p.000015: the research.
p.000015: 6.6. Protection of technical skills of the type of “know how type” or “how to do type”, that are not patentable but
p.000015: of an important value for conduction of research, should rely on the confidentiality and the non-disclosure
p.000015: agreement between the members of the research team. For this purpose, information and details on technical and
p.000015: “executional” skills are to be preserved in a special record that can be exclusively used by the members
p.000015: who contributed to the realization of these skills. Copies of this record are conditioned by prior
p.000015: authorization from the director of the laboratory or research unit, or the principal investigator.
p.000015:
p.000015: ARTICLE 7. RESPONSIBILITIES OF INSTITUTIONS
p.000015: 7.1. Academic and research institutions are required to develop their own detailed policies on the basic
p.000015: principles and regulations of research activities in the various fields of science, humanities and
...
Social / Racial Minority
Searching for indicator race:
(return to top)
p.000007: Article 3. Proper execution of research and principles of collaboration. 10
p.000007: Article 4. Handling and publishing research results. 10
p.000007: Box.4: Bibliometry of scientific articles and journal ranking. 11
p.000007: Article 5. Authorship and intellectual property. 11
p.000007: Article 6. Exploitation of research results and ownership. 12
p.000007: Article 7. Responsibilities of institutions. 13
p.000007: References and resources
p.000015: 15
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 4
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: PREAMBLE
p.000015:
p.000015: Scientific research, in experimental and theoretical fields, is becoming a principal lever for the economic
p.000015: development in modern countries, with the prime objectives of increasing human knowledge and finding solutions
p.000015: to socio-economic challenges to improve conditions of life for future generations.
p.000015:
p.000015: However, the negative outcomes of scientific discovery and its negative social and environmental impacts
p.000015: have become, in some cases, equivalent to or greater than its beneficial (positive) aspects. In addition, the race
p.000015: for discoveries and the applications of advanced technology can constitute in several instances a
p.000015: potential threat to general health, the environment and natural resources. Social awareness and concerns
p.000015: about these potential harms are expressed, unfortunately, at a time when a real social and economic
p.000015: crisis is developing due to incidences of misconduct and lack of compliance with the principles of ethics
p.000015: by researchers, institutions and investors.
p.000015:
p.000015: Scientific research is currently practiced in several research centers and academic institutions in
p.000015: Lebanon. A growing number of workers (academicians, researchers, students, technicians and trainees…) are attracted
p.000015: to various fields of research, and despite limited resources, their scientific productivity is acknowledged at
p.000015: regional and international levels.
p.000015:
p.000015: In light of these developments and in line with international principles and legislations governing the
p.000015: process of research and discovery, it behooves the Lebanese institutions to adopt a national “Charter”
p.000015: setting the guidelines to be followed by researchers to avoid all aspects of irresponsible practice in
p.000015: scientific research. Reputable and prestigious international research and academic institutions have already
p.000015: established rules and regulations governing the good practice in research and adopted transparent principles
...
p.000015: 1.2.2. Researcher should report and discuss the results of his/her research with transparency (strengths and
p.000015: weaknesses) and provide accurate description of the methods used and the results obtained.
p.000015: 1.2.3. Researcher should avoid all aspects of plagiarism and misuse of the results of others and recognize openly the
p.000015: achievements of other researchers in his/her field.
p.000015: 1.2.4. He/she should not over evaluate results.
p.000015: 1.2.5. Researcher should avoid subjective evaluation and intrusion in the privacy of the studied
p.000015: individuals or groups.
p.000015: 1.2.6. When evaluating proposals of others, researcher should observe precision and objectivity and
p.000015: respect the opinions and ideas of colleagues and other contributors to research.
p.000015: 1.2.7. The researcher should conduct his/her activities, according to the highest standards and
p.000015: objectivity, without being influenced by any expected material or moral reward.
p.000015: 1.2.8. He/she should show care and concern in the use of needed materiel for his research and avoid abuse and
p.000015: unjustified of resources.
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 6
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: 1.3. Adhesion to international principles and declarations
p.000015: 1.3.1. Respect and strict adherence to the “International Declaration of Human Rights” are required from researcher
p.000015: and especially when it is related to discrimination based on ethnicity, race, religious, gender or age or on
p.000015: any other factor not related to competence and scientific integrity of workers in a scientific program.
p.000015: 1.3.2. In all forms of publications, researchers should disclose clearly all institutions and agencies
p.000015: that provided financial or logistic support for the execution of the project and to honor the protocol and conditions
p.000015: of collaboration.
p.000015: 1.3.3. Researcher should abstain from using the results of his/her research to promote or support any
p.000015: kind of political, racial or religious affiliation. He/she should not be influenced by factors related to his
p.000015: opinion, subjective feelings or personal interest.
p.000015:
p.000015: 1.4. Principles of impartiality, objectivity and professional confidentiality.
p.000015: 1.4.1. Researcher should comply with the principle of neutrality and impartiality, in the presentation of
p.000015: the results of his/her research or in the assessment of the results of others.
p.000015: 1.4.2. Principal investigator in charge of directing a team of assistants and students should be highly qualified to
p.000015: ensure the following:
p.000015: • Provide clear instructions and directives for the execution of the project,
p.000015: • Adopt equity and fairness in the distribution of roles and functions within the team based on the qualifications
...
Searching for indicator racial:
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p.000015: objectivity, without being influenced by any expected material or moral reward.
p.000015: 1.2.8. He/she should show care and concern in the use of needed materiel for his research and avoid abuse and
p.000015: unjustified of resources.
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 6
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: 1.3. Adhesion to international principles and declarations
p.000015: 1.3.1. Respect and strict adherence to the “International Declaration of Human Rights” are required from researcher
p.000015: and especially when it is related to discrimination based on ethnicity, race, religious, gender or age or on
p.000015: any other factor not related to competence and scientific integrity of workers in a scientific program.
p.000015: 1.3.2. In all forms of publications, researchers should disclose clearly all institutions and agencies
p.000015: that provided financial or logistic support for the execution of the project and to honor the protocol and conditions
p.000015: of collaboration.
p.000015: 1.3.3. Researcher should abstain from using the results of his/her research to promote or support any
p.000015: kind of political, racial or religious affiliation. He/she should not be influenced by factors related to his
p.000015: opinion, subjective feelings or personal interest.
p.000015:
p.000015: 1.4. Principles of impartiality, objectivity and professional confidentiality.
p.000015: 1.4.1. Researcher should comply with the principle of neutrality and impartiality, in the presentation of
p.000015: the results of his/her research or in the assessment of the results of others.
p.000015: 1.4.2. Principal investigator in charge of directing a team of assistants and students should be highly qualified to
p.000015: ensure the following:
p.000015: • Provide clear instructions and directives for the execution of the project,
p.000015: • Adopt equity and fairness in the distribution of roles and functions within the team based on the qualifications
p.000015: and skills of each member,
p.000015: • Check carefully the conditions of security and protection of his/her staff.
p.000015: • Abstain from exerting any form of harassment; intellectual or moral pressure on members of his/her team
p.000015: • Recognize explicitly the role of each contributor to the research
p.000015: 1.4.3. During the process of peer evaluation, he/she should declare, in all transparency, any possible conflict of
p.000015: interest. He/she should also unravel any positive or negative relationship between him/her and the research
p.000015: group or individuals under evaluation, which might influence his/her opinion and lead to bias in his/her evaluation.
...
Social / Religion
Searching for indicator conviction:
(return to top)
p.000015: agreement between the members of the research team. For this purpose, information and details on technical and
p.000015: “executional” skills are to be preserved in a special record that can be exclusively used by the members
p.000015: who contributed to the realization of these skills. Copies of this record are conditioned by prior
p.000015: authorization from the director of the laboratory or research unit, or the principal investigator.
p.000015:
p.000015: ARTICLE 7. RESPONSIBILITIES OF INSTITUTIONS
p.000015: 7.1. Academic and research institutions are required to develop their own detailed policies on the basic
p.000015: principles and regulations of research activities in the various fields of science, humanities and
p.000015: sociology. Achieving this important duty will have positive impact on the credibility and recognition of their
p.000015: degrees as well as on the acquisition of accreditation according to international standards adopted in higher
p.000015: education and scientific research.
p.000015: 7.2. Institutional policies should be based on the general guidelines stated in the present charter and
p.000015: on instructions and decisions made by national and international organizations in charge for
p.000015: supervising of research work and promoting ethics and integrity in Science. In line with this aim,
p.000015: institutions have to ensure an adequate environment to encourage and promote perseverance, honest
p.000015: competition, spirit of collaboration, mutual respect and free exchange and communication between
p.000015: researchers. Based on the conviction that commitment to and implementation of the general guidelines of
p.000015: this charter are a joined responsibility of researchers and their hosting institutions, each academic and
p.000015: research unit is invited to undertake the following steps:
p.000015: 7.2.1. Formation of ethical committees (depending on the diverse specialties in science and research)
p.000015: responsible for the strict implementation of the above- mentioned principles and directives and for
p.000015: delivering specific clearance for the execution of each research project. This committee will be in
p.000015: charge of organizing special training sessions addressed to senior researchers and members to
p.000015: increase the awareness on the various topics of research ethics. Each special ethical committee should
p.000015: include a minimum of one member selected by the professional organization related to the field
p.000015: of study
p.000015:
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 13
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: (syndicate, professional order, scientific organization…) and preferably one who is not on the list of employees
p.000015: of this institution.
p.000015: 7.2.2. Listing in the teaching curriculum a special course on ethics in science and research in the
p.000015: different fields of science and human knowledge, to be considered part of the requirements of a graduate
p.000015: degree in each field of specialty.
...
Searching for indicator religious:
(return to top)
p.000015: weaknesses) and provide accurate description of the methods used and the results obtained.
p.000015: 1.2.3. Researcher should avoid all aspects of plagiarism and misuse of the results of others and recognize openly the
p.000015: achievements of other researchers in his/her field.
p.000015: 1.2.4. He/she should not over evaluate results.
p.000015: 1.2.5. Researcher should avoid subjective evaluation and intrusion in the privacy of the studied
p.000015: individuals or groups.
p.000015: 1.2.6. When evaluating proposals of others, researcher should observe precision and objectivity and
p.000015: respect the opinions and ideas of colleagues and other contributors to research.
p.000015: 1.2.7. The researcher should conduct his/her activities, according to the highest standards and
p.000015: objectivity, without being influenced by any expected material or moral reward.
p.000015: 1.2.8. He/she should show care and concern in the use of needed materiel for his research and avoid abuse and
p.000015: unjustified of resources.
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 6
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: 1.3. Adhesion to international principles and declarations
p.000015: 1.3.1. Respect and strict adherence to the “International Declaration of Human Rights” are required from researcher
p.000015: and especially when it is related to discrimination based on ethnicity, race, religious, gender or age or on
p.000015: any other factor not related to competence and scientific integrity of workers in a scientific program.
p.000015: 1.3.2. In all forms of publications, researchers should disclose clearly all institutions and agencies
p.000015: that provided financial or logistic support for the execution of the project and to honor the protocol and conditions
p.000015: of collaboration.
p.000015: 1.3.3. Researcher should abstain from using the results of his/her research to promote or support any
p.000015: kind of political, racial or religious affiliation. He/she should not be influenced by factors related to his
p.000015: opinion, subjective feelings or personal interest.
p.000015:
p.000015: 1.4. Principles of impartiality, objectivity and professional confidentiality.
p.000015: 1.4.1. Researcher should comply with the principle of neutrality and impartiality, in the presentation of
p.000015: the results of his/her research or in the assessment of the results of others.
p.000015: 1.4.2. Principal investigator in charge of directing a team of assistants and students should be highly qualified to
p.000015: ensure the following:
p.000015: • Provide clear instructions and directives for the execution of the project,
p.000015: • Adopt equity and fairness in the distribution of roles and functions within the team based on the qualifications
p.000015: and skills of each member,
p.000015: • Check carefully the conditions of security and protection of his/her staff.
p.000015: • Abstain from exerting any form of harassment; intellectual or moral pressure on members of his/her team
p.000015: • Recognize explicitly the role of each contributor to the research
p.000015: 1.4.3. During the process of peer evaluation, he/she should declare, in all transparency, any possible conflict of
p.000015: interest. He/she should also unravel any positive or negative relationship between him/her and the research
p.000015: group or individuals under evaluation, which might influence his/her opinion and lead to bias in his/her evaluation.
p.000015: In this case he/she should promptly withdraw from the process and declare the reason for that.
...
p.000015: Box 2. Research ethics in human sciences.
p.000015: This involves studies in the fields of social sciences, human sciences, education, history, psychology and
p.000015: other research on topics related to human behavior. Such studies entail the use of varying combinations of
p.000015: quantitative and qualitative methods or of one of them.
p.000015: The hosting institutions and/or the funding agencies of this research should exert careful assessment of the
p.000015: content, methodologies, objectives and potential benefits and risks of the studies. The researchers are requested to
p.000015: comply with the principles of ethics in this field of research, such as:
p.000015: - Prior approval of the protocol and procedures by the Institutional Review Board.
p.000015: - Prior approval by the individuals and groups concerned with research involved in the study
p.000015: - Strict observation of the requirements of confidentiality and the respect of the traditions and special
p.000015: values
p.000015: - Observation of principles of ethics and wisdom in the publication of the results and conclusions of these
p.000015: studies. Careful assessment of results and conclusions and approval, by the institutional ethical committee
p.000015: or Institutional Review Board, constitute a mandatory requirement before publication.
p.000015:
p.000015: Box 3. Research ethics in special fields of human studies.
p.000015: This consists of studies involving one or several social, religious or ethnic groups. In view of the fact that each of
p.000015: these groups may have its own culture and particular beliefs and values, it becomes difficult to subject such groups to
p.000015: same criteria used for the study of other social groups and to the same objective criteria and methods of experimental
p.000015: research. Such studies will entail, therefore, additional responsibilities to institutions and researchers
p.000015: undertaking the work on the special and general features characterizing these groups without reaching
p.000015: conclusions bringing harm to it or challenging their special values. Researchers are expected to observe
p.000015: extreme wisdom and vigilance in the analysis and reporting on the particularities of these groups.
p.000015:
p.000015: ARTICLE 2. BREACHES OF THE CODE OF ETHICS AND MISCONDUCT IN RESEARCH
p.000015: Incorrect practices in research constitute major (serious) harm to the credibility of researchers and
p.000015: their institutions, which casts doubt on the value of social investment in scientific research.
p.000015: The following are examples of misconduct in research:
p.000015:
p.000015: ➢ Fabrication of records and results to be published as authentic facts.
p.000015: ➢ Falsification and distortion of research protocols and manipulation of results and over evaluating
p.000015: some other results.
p.000015: ➢ Plagiarism, which consists of stealing ideas, results and sentences of others without acknowledging
p.000015: their contribution.
p.000015: ➢ Delivering wrong reporting about potential benefit and conflict of interest.
...
Social / Threat of Stigma
Searching for indicator threat:
(return to top)
p.000007: Box.4: Bibliometry of scientific articles and journal ranking. 11
p.000007: Article 5. Authorship and intellectual property. 11
p.000007: Article 6. Exploitation of research results and ownership. 12
p.000007: Article 7. Responsibilities of institutions. 13
p.000007: References and resources
p.000015: 15
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 4
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: PREAMBLE
p.000015:
p.000015: Scientific research, in experimental and theoretical fields, is becoming a principal lever for the economic
p.000015: development in modern countries, with the prime objectives of increasing human knowledge and finding solutions
p.000015: to socio-economic challenges to improve conditions of life for future generations.
p.000015:
p.000015: However, the negative outcomes of scientific discovery and its negative social and environmental impacts
p.000015: have become, in some cases, equivalent to or greater than its beneficial (positive) aspects. In addition, the race
p.000015: for discoveries and the applications of advanced technology can constitute in several instances a
p.000015: potential threat to general health, the environment and natural resources. Social awareness and concerns
p.000015: about these potential harms are expressed, unfortunately, at a time when a real social and economic
p.000015: crisis is developing due to incidences of misconduct and lack of compliance with the principles of ethics
p.000015: by researchers, institutions and investors.
p.000015:
p.000015: Scientific research is currently practiced in several research centers and academic institutions in
p.000015: Lebanon. A growing number of workers (academicians, researchers, students, technicians and trainees…) are attracted
p.000015: to various fields of research, and despite limited resources, their scientific productivity is acknowledged at
p.000015: regional and international levels.
p.000015:
p.000015: In light of these developments and in line with international principles and legislations governing the
p.000015: process of research and discovery, it behooves the Lebanese institutions to adopt a national “Charter”
p.000015: setting the guidelines to be followed by researchers to avoid all aspects of irresponsible practice in
p.000015: scientific research. Reputable and prestigious international research and academic institutions have already
p.000015: established rules and regulations governing the good practice in research and adopted transparent principles
p.000015: to control its development and predict any potential harm related to the projected results. These ethical
...
Social / Victim of Abuse
Searching for indicator abuse:
(return to top)
p.000015: protect them against any partial or total destruction. He/she will also devote efforts to preserve and improve natural
p.000015: resources and in particular those related to social and national security.
p.000015:
p.000015: 1.2. Adhesion to ethical principles and regulations
p.000015: 1.2.1. Researcher should preserve his/her scientific credibility through the execution of his/her research
p.000015: with full respect of established standards of competency, objectivity, liberal thinking, self-criticism, integrity,
p.000015: honesty and self-discipline.
p.000015: 1.2.2. Researcher should report and discuss the results of his/her research with transparency (strengths and
p.000015: weaknesses) and provide accurate description of the methods used and the results obtained.
p.000015: 1.2.3. Researcher should avoid all aspects of plagiarism and misuse of the results of others and recognize openly the
p.000015: achievements of other researchers in his/her field.
p.000015: 1.2.4. He/she should not over evaluate results.
p.000015: 1.2.5. Researcher should avoid subjective evaluation and intrusion in the privacy of the studied
p.000015: individuals or groups.
p.000015: 1.2.6. When evaluating proposals of others, researcher should observe precision and objectivity and
p.000015: respect the opinions and ideas of colleagues and other contributors to research.
p.000015: 1.2.7. The researcher should conduct his/her activities, according to the highest standards and
p.000015: objectivity, without being influenced by any expected material or moral reward.
p.000015: 1.2.8. He/she should show care and concern in the use of needed materiel for his research and avoid abuse and
p.000015: unjustified of resources.
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 6
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: 1.3. Adhesion to international principles and declarations
p.000015: 1.3.1. Respect and strict adherence to the “International Declaration of Human Rights” are required from researcher
p.000015: and especially when it is related to discrimination based on ethnicity, race, religious, gender or age or on
p.000015: any other factor not related to competence and scientific integrity of workers in a scientific program.
p.000015: 1.3.2. In all forms of publications, researchers should disclose clearly all institutions and agencies
p.000015: that provided financial or logistic support for the execution of the project and to honor the protocol and conditions
p.000015: of collaboration.
p.000015: 1.3.3. Researcher should abstain from using the results of his/her research to promote or support any
p.000015: kind of political, racial or religious affiliation. He/she should not be influenced by factors related to his
p.000015: opinion, subjective feelings or personal interest.
p.000015:
p.000015: 1.4. Principles of impartiality, objectivity and professional confidentiality.
...
Social / education
Searching for indicator education:
(return to top)
p.000015: any potential harm to participants. For this purpose, potential participants receive prior information, and
p.000015: in simplified and clear way and language, about the context /explanation of the research, aim, nature, methods and
p.000015: procedures of the study, expected benefits and risks to the participant, alternative treatments, extent to which
p.000015: confidentiality of records will be maintained, compensation or medical treatment if injury occurs in
p.000015: addition to unrevealing the identity of the potential sponsor. A detailed informative document defined as “Informed
p.000015: Consent”, that includes the above mentioned information, is made available along with a declared informed
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 8
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: consent form to be signed by each participant and physician responsible for the research study. The
p.000015: research team in charge is clearly identified and made available (reachable or on call) throughout the period of
p.000015: execution and after completion of the study.
p.000015: Box 2. Research ethics in human sciences.
p.000015: This involves studies in the fields of social sciences, human sciences, education, history, psychology and
p.000015: other research on topics related to human behavior. Such studies entail the use of varying combinations of
p.000015: quantitative and qualitative methods or of one of them.
p.000015: The hosting institutions and/or the funding agencies of this research should exert careful assessment of the
p.000015: content, methodologies, objectives and potential benefits and risks of the studies. The researchers are requested to
p.000015: comply with the principles of ethics in this field of research, such as:
p.000015: - Prior approval of the protocol and procedures by the Institutional Review Board.
p.000015: - Prior approval by the individuals and groups concerned with research involved in the study
p.000015: - Strict observation of the requirements of confidentiality and the respect of the traditions and special
p.000015: values
p.000015: - Observation of principles of ethics and wisdom in the publication of the results and conclusions of these
p.000015: studies. Careful assessment of results and conclusions and approval, by the institutional ethical committee
p.000015: or Institutional Review Board, constitute a mandatory requirement before publication.
p.000015:
p.000015: Box 3. Research ethics in special fields of human studies.
p.000015: This consists of studies involving one or several social, religious or ethnic groups. In view of the fact that each of
p.000015: these groups may have its own culture and particular beliefs and values, it becomes difficult to subject such groups to
...
p.000015: patent should contain clear citation of the names of all partners (individual or moral) who have the exclusive right to
p.000015: invest this patent. In case of absence of a prior agreement on partnership in the project, however, the
p.000015: ownership of the discovery is to be distributed to all the members of the team, based on their relative contribution to
p.000015: the research.
p.000015: 6.6. Protection of technical skills of the type of “know how type” or “how to do type”, that are not patentable but
p.000015: of an important value for conduction of research, should rely on the confidentiality and the non-disclosure
p.000015: agreement between the members of the research team. For this purpose, information and details on technical and
p.000015: “executional” skills are to be preserved in a special record that can be exclusively used by the members
p.000015: who contributed to the realization of these skills. Copies of this record are conditioned by prior
p.000015: authorization from the director of the laboratory or research unit, or the principal investigator.
p.000015:
p.000015: ARTICLE 7. RESPONSIBILITIES OF INSTITUTIONS
p.000015: 7.1. Academic and research institutions are required to develop their own detailed policies on the basic
p.000015: principles and regulations of research activities in the various fields of science, humanities and
p.000015: sociology. Achieving this important duty will have positive impact on the credibility and recognition of their
p.000015: degrees as well as on the acquisition of accreditation according to international standards adopted in higher
p.000015: education and scientific research.
p.000015: 7.2. Institutional policies should be based on the general guidelines stated in the present charter and
p.000015: on instructions and decisions made by national and international organizations in charge for
p.000015: supervising of research work and promoting ethics and integrity in Science. In line with this aim,
p.000015: institutions have to ensure an adequate environment to encourage and promote perseverance, honest
p.000015: competition, spirit of collaboration, mutual respect and free exchange and communication between
p.000015: researchers. Based on the conviction that commitment to and implementation of the general guidelines of
p.000015: this charter are a joined responsibility of researchers and their hosting institutions, each academic and
p.000015: research unit is invited to undertake the following steps:
p.000015: 7.2.1. Formation of ethical committees (depending on the diverse specialties in science and research)
p.000015: responsible for the strict implementation of the above- mentioned principles and directives and for
p.000015: delivering specific clearance for the execution of each research project. This committee will be in
p.000015: charge of organizing special training sessions addressed to senior researchers and members to
p.000015: increase the awareness on the various topics of research ethics. Each special ethical committee should
p.000015: include a minimum of one member selected by the professional organization related to the field
p.000015: of study
p.000015:
...
Social / employees
Searching for indicator employees:
(return to top)
p.000015: institutions have to ensure an adequate environment to encourage and promote perseverance, honest
p.000015: competition, spirit of collaboration, mutual respect and free exchange and communication between
p.000015: researchers. Based on the conviction that commitment to and implementation of the general guidelines of
p.000015: this charter are a joined responsibility of researchers and their hosting institutions, each academic and
p.000015: research unit is invited to undertake the following steps:
p.000015: 7.2.1. Formation of ethical committees (depending on the diverse specialties in science and research)
p.000015: responsible for the strict implementation of the above- mentioned principles and directives and for
p.000015: delivering specific clearance for the execution of each research project. This committee will be in
p.000015: charge of organizing special training sessions addressed to senior researchers and members to
p.000015: increase the awareness on the various topics of research ethics. Each special ethical committee should
p.000015: include a minimum of one member selected by the professional organization related to the field
p.000015: of study
p.000015:
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 13
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: (syndicate, professional order, scientific organization…) and preferably one who is not on the list of employees
p.000015: of this institution.
p.000015: 7.2.2. Listing in the teaching curriculum a special course on ethics in science and research in the
p.000015: different fields of science and human knowledge, to be considered part of the requirements of a graduate
p.000015: degree in each field of specialty.
p.000015: 7.2.3. Setting a clear policy on research misconduct including plagiarism and conflict of interest. A pillar of this
p.000015: policy would be to encourage all workers in research to report on any case raising doubt about misconduct in
p.000015: research, and to provide full protective measures of the reporter, and on the other hand, to take drastic measures
p.000015: against reporters of wrong information.
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015: .
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
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p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 14
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: Main References
p.000015:
p.000015: ➢ Scientific Research Integrity Principles. MENA (Middle East and North Africa) Group
p.000015: - Global Research Council, Saudi Arabia, 2012
p.000015: ➢ Charte européenne du chercheur, Respect propriété conjointe entre labo en collaboration
...
Social / gender
Searching for indicator gender:
(return to top)
p.000015: weaknesses) and provide accurate description of the methods used and the results obtained.
p.000015: 1.2.3. Researcher should avoid all aspects of plagiarism and misuse of the results of others and recognize openly the
p.000015: achievements of other researchers in his/her field.
p.000015: 1.2.4. He/she should not over evaluate results.
p.000015: 1.2.5. Researcher should avoid subjective evaluation and intrusion in the privacy of the studied
p.000015: individuals or groups.
p.000015: 1.2.6. When evaluating proposals of others, researcher should observe precision and objectivity and
p.000015: respect the opinions and ideas of colleagues and other contributors to research.
p.000015: 1.2.7. The researcher should conduct his/her activities, according to the highest standards and
p.000015: objectivity, without being influenced by any expected material or moral reward.
p.000015: 1.2.8. He/she should show care and concern in the use of needed materiel for his research and avoid abuse and
p.000015: unjustified of resources.
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 6
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: 1.3. Adhesion to international principles and declarations
p.000015: 1.3.1. Respect and strict adherence to the “International Declaration of Human Rights” are required from researcher
p.000015: and especially when it is related to discrimination based on ethnicity, race, religious, gender or age or on
p.000015: any other factor not related to competence and scientific integrity of workers in a scientific program.
p.000015: 1.3.2. In all forms of publications, researchers should disclose clearly all institutions and agencies
p.000015: that provided financial or logistic support for the execution of the project and to honor the protocol and conditions
p.000015: of collaboration.
p.000015: 1.3.3. Researcher should abstain from using the results of his/her research to promote or support any
p.000015: kind of political, racial or religious affiliation. He/she should not be influenced by factors related to his
p.000015: opinion, subjective feelings or personal interest.
p.000015:
p.000015: 1.4. Principles of impartiality, objectivity and professional confidentiality.
p.000015: 1.4.1. Researcher should comply with the principle of neutrality and impartiality, in the presentation of
p.000015: the results of his/her research or in the assessment of the results of others.
p.000015: 1.4.2. Principal investigator in charge of directing a team of assistants and students should be highly qualified to
p.000015: ensure the following:
p.000015: • Provide clear instructions and directives for the execution of the project,
p.000015: • Adopt equity and fairness in the distribution of roles and functions within the team based on the qualifications
p.000015: and skills of each member,
p.000015: • Check carefully the conditions of security and protection of his/her staff.
...
Social / philosophical differences/differences of opinion
Searching for indicator opinion:
(return to top)
p.000015: unjustified of resources.
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 6
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: 1.3. Adhesion to international principles and declarations
p.000015: 1.3.1. Respect and strict adherence to the “International Declaration of Human Rights” are required from researcher
p.000015: and especially when it is related to discrimination based on ethnicity, race, religious, gender or age or on
p.000015: any other factor not related to competence and scientific integrity of workers in a scientific program.
p.000015: 1.3.2. In all forms of publications, researchers should disclose clearly all institutions and agencies
p.000015: that provided financial or logistic support for the execution of the project and to honor the protocol and conditions
p.000015: of collaboration.
p.000015: 1.3.3. Researcher should abstain from using the results of his/her research to promote or support any
p.000015: kind of political, racial or religious affiliation. He/she should not be influenced by factors related to his
p.000015: opinion, subjective feelings or personal interest.
p.000015:
p.000015: 1.4. Principles of impartiality, objectivity and professional confidentiality.
p.000015: 1.4.1. Researcher should comply with the principle of neutrality and impartiality, in the presentation of
p.000015: the results of his/her research or in the assessment of the results of others.
p.000015: 1.4.2. Principal investigator in charge of directing a team of assistants and students should be highly qualified to
p.000015: ensure the following:
p.000015: • Provide clear instructions and directives for the execution of the project,
p.000015: • Adopt equity and fairness in the distribution of roles and functions within the team based on the qualifications
p.000015: and skills of each member,
p.000015: • Check carefully the conditions of security and protection of his/her staff.
p.000015: • Abstain from exerting any form of harassment; intellectual or moral pressure on members of his/her team
p.000015: • Recognize explicitly the role of each contributor to the research
p.000015: 1.4.3. During the process of peer evaluation, he/she should declare, in all transparency, any possible conflict of
p.000015: interest. He/she should also unravel any positive or negative relationship between him/her and the research
p.000015: group or individuals under evaluation, which might influence his/her opinion and lead to bias in his/her evaluation.
p.000015: In this case he/she should promptly withdraw from the process and declare the reason for that.
p.000015: 1.4.4. Researcher refereeing a work or a study, should keep secret all information and results under review. He/she
p.000015: should also abstain from using the presented data in his/her own work, until the publication of the refereed
p.000015: work. Any breach of the principles of confidentiality can be considered as unethical behavior and will expose the
p.000015: referee to legal pursuit.
p.000015: 1.4.5. In the case of providing expert opinion or consultancy for fee, the researcher should disclose the nature of
p.000015: the relationship to his/her employer, and comply with the rules governing the type of offered services and their fees.
p.000015:
p.000015: The following three boxes contain further explanation/information related to ethical principles governing scientific
p.000015: research performed on humans or in the fields of humanities and social science. Emphasis is placed on these fields due
p.000015: to their specific requirement for scientific integrity and the importance of their implications on human
p.000015: health and social wellbeing.
p.000015:
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 7
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: Box 1. Ethics principles in medicine and human genetics research.
p.000015: Research targeting directly human subjects, constitutes a priority and a major topic of the present “charter”. It
p.000015: constitutes, also, a pole of attraction of the efforts of researchers in different fields of science, including
p.000015: life and other basic sciences (chemistry, physics, statistics and mathematics, etc…), engineering and the
p.000015: diverse applications of modern technology (drugs, medications and other related products, foods and
p.000015: nutrients, medical instruments, etc…). The fact, however, that most of the research in these fields does
p.000015: not target directly the human subject, does not obviate the practical observation that the end results and
p.000015: the primary and secondary effects of this research are becoming a major factor in the maintenance of balance and
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Economic / investors/intellectual rights
Searching for indicator investors:
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p.000007: References and resources
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p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 4
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: PREAMBLE
p.000015:
p.000015: Scientific research, in experimental and theoretical fields, is becoming a principal lever for the economic
p.000015: development in modern countries, with the prime objectives of increasing human knowledge and finding solutions
p.000015: to socio-economic challenges to improve conditions of life for future generations.
p.000015:
p.000015: However, the negative outcomes of scientific discovery and its negative social and environmental impacts
p.000015: have become, in some cases, equivalent to or greater than its beneficial (positive) aspects. In addition, the race
p.000015: for discoveries and the applications of advanced technology can constitute in several instances a
p.000015: potential threat to general health, the environment and natural resources. Social awareness and concerns
p.000015: about these potential harms are expressed, unfortunately, at a time when a real social and economic
p.000015: crisis is developing due to incidences of misconduct and lack of compliance with the principles of ethics
p.000015: by researchers, institutions and investors.
p.000015:
p.000015: Scientific research is currently practiced in several research centers and academic institutions in
p.000015: Lebanon. A growing number of workers (academicians, researchers, students, technicians and trainees…) are attracted
p.000015: to various fields of research, and despite limited resources, their scientific productivity is acknowledged at
p.000015: regional and international levels.
p.000015:
p.000015: In light of these developments and in line with international principles and legislations governing the
p.000015: process of research and discovery, it behooves the Lebanese institutions to adopt a national “Charter”
p.000015: setting the guidelines to be followed by researchers to avoid all aspects of irresponsible practice in
p.000015: scientific research. Reputable and prestigious international research and academic institutions have already
p.000015: established rules and regulations governing the good practice in research and adopted transparent principles
p.000015: to control its development and predict any potential harm related to the projected results. These ethical
p.000015: principles and regulations are becoming an integral part of the research process starting with ideas or
p.000015: hypotheses and up to execution and implementation of the expected results.
p.000015:
p.000015: The aim of this “Charter” is to define the basic principles of ethics and regulations that should be adopted and
p.000015: strictly followed by researchers and institutions for a responsible conduct of research in the different
p.000015: disciplines of science.
p.000015:
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General/Other / declaration of helsinki
Searching for indicator helsinki:
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p.000015: adoption of the basic principles of scientific method and professional research conduct. It requires that
p.000015: all institutions elaborate and adopt detailed policies that govern and regulate all issues related to scientific
p.000015: research performed on their premises and in all disciplines of knowledge. It requires also a continuous exchange of
p.000015: information about the progress of efforts to develop national potential in science and in the integrity and distinction
p.000015: of research practice in Lebanon.
p.000015:
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p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 5
p.000015: National Council for Scientific Research – July 2016
p.000015:
p.000015: ARTICLE 1. RESPONSIBLE CONDUCT OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
p.000015:
p.000015: Responsible conduct of research relies upon four sets of basic principles of ethics and general regulations and
p.000015: traditions defined in several international declarations.
p.000015:
p.000015: 1.1. Respect of national rules and regulations
p.000015: 1.1.1. The researcher should commit him/herself to know and implement the governmental and institutional laws and
p.000015: policies governing research activities and stay updated on their development or amendments, especially those governing
p.000015: and regulating various aspects of the activity in the field of scientific research.
p.000015: 1.1.2. Research projects should comply with policies and protocols defined by international declarations for
p.000015: research performed on humans, animals, plants or when research can affect the environment (Helsinki declarations on
p.000015: medical research, Rio de Jeneiro declaration on research on environment and Dublin declaration for water resources).
p.000015: 1.1.3. The researcher should take all appropriate measures for protection against any potential negative
p.000015: outcome of his/her research. She/he should abstain from participating in projects that constitute
p.000015: potential harm to humanity, the environment and biodiversity and/or targets modern media and communication. She/he
p.000015: should also abide the principles and standards defined by national and international institutions and
p.000015: agencies.
p.000015: 1.1.4. The researcher commits to preserving the national identity of the cultural and material heritage and to
p.000015: protect them against any partial or total destruction. He/she will also devote efforts to preserve and improve natural
p.000015: resources and in particular those related to social and national security.
p.000015:
p.000015: 1.2. Adhesion to ethical principles and regulations
p.000015: 1.2.1. Researcher should preserve his/her scientific credibility through the execution of his/her research
p.000015: with full respect of established standards of competency, objectivity, liberal thinking, self-criticism, integrity,
p.000015: honesty and self-discipline.
p.000015: 1.2.2. Researcher should report and discuss the results of his/her research with transparency (strengths and
p.000015: weaknesses) and provide accurate description of the methods used and the results obtained.
...
p.000015:
p.000015: Main References
p.000015:
p.000015: ➢ Scientific Research Integrity Principles. MENA (Middle East and North Africa) Group
p.000015: - Global Research Council, Saudi Arabia, 2012
p.000015: ➢ Charte européenne du chercheur, Respect propriété conjointe entre labo en collaboration
p.000015: www.europa.eu.int/eracareers/europeancharter
p.000015: ➢ Promouvoir une recherche Intègre et responsable, Comité d’éthique du CNRS - 2014 www.cnrs.fr/cometss
p.000015: ➢ Code d’éthique de la recherche scientifique en Belgique, Politique Scientifique Fédérale
p.000015: https://www.ulg.ac.be/upload/docs/application/pdf/2010-11/ethcode_fr.pdf
p.000015: ➢ On Being a Scientist: A Guide to Responsible Conduct in Research. The National Academies Press,
p.000015: Washington D.C. 2009, http://courses.washington.edu/bethics/Homepage/
p.000015: ➢ Déclaration de Singapour sur l'intégrité en recherche. 2011 http://www.singaporestatement.org/-2011
p.000015: ➢ San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA), 2013
p.000015: http://www.ascb.org/dora-old/files/SFDeclarationFINAL.pdf
p.000015: ➢ Montreal Statement on Research Integrity in Cross-Boundary Research Collaborations,
p.000015: 2013. http://www.icsu.org/icsuasia/newscentre/news/MontrealStatementonResearchIntegrity June21_2013.pdf
p.000015: ➢ Ethical Guidelines for International Comparative Social Science Research in the framework of MOST.
p.000015: http://www.unesco.org/most/ethical.htm
p.000015: ➢ Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research. Australian Government 2007
p.000015: https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/file/research/Research%20Integrity/r39_austra
p.000015: lian_code_responsible_conduct_research_150811.pdf
p.000015: ➢ Déclaration d'Helsinki de L'Association Médicale Mondiale Principes éthiques applicables à la
p.000015: recherche médicale impliquant des êtres humains. 2013 http://www.wma.net/fr/30publications/10policies/b3/index.html
p.000015: ➢ Comités d’éthique de la recherche. Notions de base pour le renforcement des capacités, OMS 2009.
p.000015: www.who.int/ethics/publications/en//
p.000015: ➢ Charte nationale de déontologie des métiers de la recherche, 2015
p.000015: http://www.cnrs.fr/comets/IMG/pdf/charte_nationale_deontologie_signée_janvier 2015.pdf
p.000015: ➢ L’intégrité dans la recherche scientifique, Académies suisses des sciences, 2008. www.academies-suisses.ch
p.000015: info@akademien-schweiz.ch
p.000015: ➢ Loi libanaise N° 574. Droits des malades et le consentement éclairé. JO, n° 9, 13/2/2004
p.000015:
p.000015:
p.000015: Charter of ethics and guiding principles of scientific research in Lebanon 15
...
Orphaned Trigger Words
Appendix
Indicator List
| Indicator | Vulnerability |
|---|
| abuse | Victim of Abuse |
| access | Access to Social Goods |
| age | Age |
| children | Child |
| coerced | Presence of Coercion |
| conviction | Religion |
| disability | Mentally Disabled |
| education | education |
| employees | employees |
| ethnic | Ethnicity |
| ethnicity | Ethnicity |
| gender | gender |
| helsinki | declaration of helsinki |
| influence | Drug Usage |
| investors | investors/intellectual rights |
| language | Linguistic Proficiency |
| opinion | philosophical differences/differences of opinion |
| political | political affiliation |
| prisoners | Criminal Convictions |
| property | Property Ownership |
| race | Racial Minority |
| racial | Racial Minority |
| religious | Religion |
| threat | Threat of Stigma |
| vulnerable | vulnerable |
Indicator Peers (Indicators in Same Vulnerability)
| Indicator | Peers |
|---|
| conviction | ['religious'] |
| ethnic | ['ethnicity'] |
| ethnicity | ['ethnic'] |
| race | ['racial'] |
| racial | ['race'] |
| religious | ['conviction'] |
Trigger Words
consent
cultural
developing
ethics
harm
protect
protection
risk
Applicable Type / Vulnerability / Indicator Overlay for this Input