79C3C34C52B45572883A05D425EB0F82
Opinion on Research Ethics for Biological Sciences (2008)
http://www.bioethics.gr/images/pdf/ENGLISH/OPINIONS_REPORTS/reseth-opin-en.pdf
http://leaux.net/URLS/ConvertAPI Text Files/D5BE243DD3C977811BAAC6826678BE55.en.txt
Examining the file media/Synopses/D5BE243DD3C977811BAAC6826678BE55.html:
This file was generated: 2020-12-01 05:52:15
| Indicators in focus are typically shown highlighted in yellow; |
Peer Indicators (that share the same Vulnerability association) are shown highlighted in pink; |
"Outside" Indicators (those that do NOT share the same Vulnerability association) are shown highlighted in green; |
Trigger Words/Phrases are shown highlighted in gray. |
Link to Orphaned Trigger Words (Appendix (Indicator List, Indicator Peers, Trigger Words, Type/Vulnerability/Indicator Overlay)
Applicable Type / Vulnerability / Indicator Overlay for this Input
Health / stem cells
Searching for indicator stem cells:
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p.(None): N A T I O N A L C O M M I S S I O N O F B I O E T H I C S O P I N I O N
p.(None): ON RESEARCH ETHICS IN THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The National Bioethics Commission has considered the issue of the respect of moral values by contemporary biological
p.(None): research in repeated meetings. In several of its earlier opinions the Commission dealt with the issue of
p.(None): ethics in specific research areas (stem cells, clinical trials, use of animals in research) identifying the
p.(None): serious implications of the development of biological applications on the values of modern society. The
p.(None): present opinion emphasizes a dimension that cuts across all fields of biological research: the ethics of “procedure” of
p.(None): research.
p.(None): The Commission believes that this dimension is crucial and requires consideration both by the scientific community
p.(None): and by the authorities, in particular in the light of the implementation of the new national legal framework
p.(None): for research (Act 3653/2008).
p.(None):
p.(None): I. General remarks
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A. Identifying the issues
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Generally speaking, the terms and conditions of contemporary research are significantly different from the past. The
p.(None): main characteristics of research during the last decades are the following: a) it is conducted by
p.(None): research teams in large-scale facilities and international networks of co-operation and b) it is closely
p.(None): linked to the economy.
p.(None): 1. Nowadays research does not rely on the individual activity of isolated scientists. The production of new
p.(None): knowledge requires complex organization and co-ordination of collective effort, a research environment that
p.(None): ensures high quality infrastructure and the corresponding funds as well as international co-operation.
p.(None): 2. Modern economy is particularly interested in innovation; therefore, it is closely connected to research,
p.(None): especially in the area of new technologies. As a result research is usually orientated to the market, it becomes
...
Social / philosophical differences/differences of opinion
Searching for indicator opinion:
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p.(None): N A T I O N A L C O M M I S S I O N O F B I O E T H I C S O P I N I O N
p.(None): ON RESEARCH ETHICS IN THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The National Bioethics Commission has considered the issue of the respect of moral values by contemporary biological
p.(None): research in repeated meetings. In several of its earlier opinions the Commission dealt with the issue of
p.(None): ethics in specific research areas (stem cells, clinical trials, use of animals in research) identifying the
p.(None): serious implications of the development of biological applications on the values of modern society. The
p.(None): present opinion emphasizes a dimension that cuts across all fields of biological research: the ethics of “procedure” of
p.(None): research.
p.(None): The Commission believes that this dimension is crucial and requires consideration both by the scientific community
p.(None): and by the authorities, in particular in the light of the implementation of the new national legal framework
p.(None): for research (Act 3653/2008).
p.(None):
p.(None): I. General remarks
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A. Identifying the issues
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Generally speaking, the terms and conditions of contemporary research are significantly different from the past. The
p.(None): main characteristics of research during the last decades are the following: a) it is conducted by
p.(None): research teams in large-scale facilities and international networks of co-operation and b) it is closely
p.(None): linked to the economy.
p.(None): 1. Nowadays research does not rely on the individual activity of isolated scientists. The production of new
p.(None): knowledge requires complex organization and co-ordination of collective effort, a research environment that
p.(None): ensures high quality infrastructure and the corresponding funds as well as international co-operation.
p.(None): 2. Modern economy is particularly interested in innovation; therefore, it is closely connected to research,
p.(None): especially in the area of new technologies. As a result research is usually orientated to the market, it becomes
p.(None): familiar with the workings of competition
p.(None):
p.(None): and, to a large extent, adjusts its priorities accordingly. Modern research institutions often operate as independent
...
General/Other / Impaired Autonomy
Searching for indicator autonomy:
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p.(None): relevant to research in the biological sciences. And this because,
p.(None): a) a major part of the related investment is met by private funds on an international scale, and, b) they have
p.(None): direct implications on fundamental principles (protection of human value, the environment, health, privacy).
p.(None): Situations that are seen at times, such as the exclusion of useful research for rare diseases or diseases that
p.(None): affect mainly the Third World, concealment of negative findings, “fabrication” of results likeable to
p.(None): sponsors, demonstrate the absolute need to safeguard the independence of research, especially biological
p.(None): research.
p.(None):
p.(None): C. Research as a public good – Safeguarding its independence
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In the Commission’s view scientific research constitutes a public good because it promotes the understanding of the
p.(None): surrounding world and contributes to the “well-being” of society as a whole. At the same time, however, it is also a
p.(None): fundamental right, an indispensable
p.(None):
p.(None): component of freedom for the person performing research. These two dimensions are inextricably linked.
p.(None): Based on the above, the Commission concludes that there are mainly two safeguards for the independence of research:
p.(None): 1. The self-regulation of research ethics by the community of scientists, since researchers are the first ones who
p.(None): have an interest in protecting the credibility of their work. “Outside” regulation must take into account
p.(None): this margin of autonomy in order to avoid bureaucracy.
p.(None): 2. The State must provide adequate public funding for independent research so that not every research initiative is
p.(None): necessarily linked to opportunistic economic priorities, which often operates not to the benefit of but at the cost of
p.(None): innovation.
p.(None): These safeguards need to be adopted with specific initiatives.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): II. Proposals
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Based on the above, and in view of the new national legal framework for research, the Commission suggests the
p.(None): following:
p.(None):
p.(None): To the Administration
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): a) To lay down specific rules to safeguard research ethics in publicly financed research projects.
p.(None): These rules must oblige the scientist awarded the research grant to verify the accuracy of and to publish all the
p.(None): results, to report the actual contribution of each researcher (in related publications in scientific journals,
p.(None): in papers presented in conferences and in the activity reports of research institutions) and to control compliance with
p.(None): ethical principles.
p.(None): b) To support basic research in the allocation of national grants by the responsible bodies.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): To the academic research community
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): a) Research institutions of biological sciences should compile a code of research ethics. Basic issues to
p.(None): be dealt with by such a code (which must also provide for disciplinary
p.(None):
p.(None): sanctions) must include, by way of indication, fabrication of results, plagiarism, violation of ethical principles
...
Orphaned Trigger Words
p.(None): 2. The State must provide adequate public funding for independent research so that not every research initiative is
p.(None): necessarily linked to opportunistic economic priorities, which often operates not to the benefit of but at the cost of
p.(None): innovation.
p.(None): These safeguards need to be adopted with specific initiatives.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): II. Proposals
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Based on the above, and in view of the new national legal framework for research, the Commission suggests the
p.(None): following:
p.(None):
p.(None): To the Administration
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): a) To lay down specific rules to safeguard research ethics in publicly financed research projects.
p.(None): These rules must oblige the scientist awarded the research grant to verify the accuracy of and to publish all the
p.(None): results, to report the actual contribution of each researcher (in related publications in scientific journals,
p.(None): in papers presented in conferences and in the activity reports of research institutions) and to control compliance with
p.(None): ethical principles.
p.(None): b) To support basic research in the allocation of national grants by the responsible bodies.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): To the academic research community
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): a) Research institutions of biological sciences should compile a code of research ethics. Basic issues to
p.(None): be dealt with by such a code (which must also provide for disciplinary
p.(None):
p.(None): sanctions) must include, by way of indication, fabrication of results, plagiarism, violation of ethical principles
p.(None): (e.g. independence, principle of “beneficence or no harm”, ethical treatment of experimental animals, etc.).
p.(None): The Commission intends to present a model of principles.
p.(None): b) To adopt initiatives to familiarize researchers with research ethics in their field of activity.
p.(None): c) To ensure transparency as to the source of the direct and indirect financial funding of research projects and,
...
Appendix
Indicator List
| Indicator | Vulnerability |
|---|
| autonomy | Impaired Autonomy |
| opinion | philosophical differences/differences of opinion |
| stem cells | stem cells |
Indicator Peers (Indicators in Same Vulnerability)
Trigger Words
ethics
harm
protection
Applicable Type / Vulnerability / Indicator Overlay for this Input