79C3C34C52B45572883A05D425EB0F82
Estonian Code of Conduct for Research Integrity
https://www.eetika.ee/sites/default/files/www_ut/hea_teadustava_eng_trukis.pdf
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| Indicators in focus are typically shown highlighted in yellow; |
Peer Indicators (that share the same Vulnerability association) are shown highlighted in pink; |
"Outside" Indicators (those that do NOT share the same Vulnerability association) are shown highlighted in green; |
Trigger Words/Phrases are shown highlighted in gray. |
Link to Orphaned Trigger Words (Appendix (Indicator List, Indicator Peers, Trigger Words, Type/Vulnerability/Indicator Overlay)
Applicable Type / Vulnerability / Indicator Overlay for this Input
Political / Indigenous
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p.000009: ideal. It should also be considered that actual life is often more complex and diverse than a document that envisages
p.000009: ideals can describe. In the case of conflicts between principles and novel situations not covered by the research
p.000009: integrity document, researchers and research institutions have leeway to make the best possible choice in
p.000009: a complex situation.
p.000009: The principles of research integrity give instructions how to make choices in research so that they would not harm the
p.000009: reliability of the researcher, the research institution or research as a whole. In such situations, it may be difficult
p.000009: to give a clear and unambiguous assessment of the ethicality of actions and choices. It is essential that all choices
p.000009: would be well-weighed, substantiated and based on the values of research integrity.
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p.000010: 10
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p.000010: 1. PLANNING OF RESEARCH
p.000010: Planning of research includes setting the aim of research, choice of the method, application for resources, and
p.000010: consideration of ethical and legal requirements. While planning, one should consider the useful and harmful impact of
p.000010: research on any of the parties involved in research: the persons involved in research, the future generations, natural
p.000010: and cultural environment, indigenous peoples, humankind and the Estonian society, the research community and research
p.000010: institutions.
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p.000010: RESPONSIBILITY OF THE RESEARCHER
p.000010: 1.1 What are the framework requirements for research integrity?
p.000010: 1.1.1 When planning research, the researcher considers the conventions and requirements of his/ her research area.
p.000010: 1.1.2 The researcher acts in conformity with the valid principles of research ethics, standards and legal regulations,
p.000010: and obtains the necessary permits, approvals and consent of the ethics committee.
p.000010: 1.1.3 The researcher takes into consideration that the rules and conditions applying to international partners can
p.000010: differ from those of his/her own research institution and agrees with the partners on the regulations and standards
p.000010: that should be jointly followed and how to prevent potential problems.
p.000010: 1.1.4 During the whole research process, from planning to publication of results, the researcher assesses the
p.000010: conformity of research with valid requirements and regulations. If conflicts emerge, s/he informs colleagues and
p.000010: cooperation partners and ensures the honest and transparent solution of problems.
p.000010: 1.1.5 The researcher avoids agreements which groundlessly limit the application and dissemination of research data or
p.000010: results.
p.000010: 1.1.6 The researcher takes care that the intellectual property created during research receives necessary
p.000010: protection and agrees as early as possible with cooperation partners to whom the corresponding rights
p.000010: belong.
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Political / vulnerable
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p.000010: 1.2.2 In research, the researcher strives for social benefits and acts for the good of humankind. S/he assesses the
p.000010: potential beneficial and harmful impact of the planned research and whether the expected benefits outweigh the threats
p.000010: of potential damage and misuse.
p.000010: 1.2.3 The researcher keeps in mind the planned and unplanned ways of application of research results, including the
p.000010: possibilities of misuse and double use. In the case of risks, the researcher informs, depending on circumstances, the
p.000010: colleagues, the research institution, the ethics committee, the financers of research and other parties involved in
p.000010: research.
p.000010: 1.2.4 If necessary, the researcher involves in planning, in addition to colleagues, the persons or groups influenced by
p.000010: the planned research.
p.000010: 1.2.5 The researcher is free to decide whether to participate in research if s/he does not agree with its objectives or
p.000010: potential application.
p.000010: 1.2.6 As the leader of a research group, the researcher takes care that all the members of the research group are aware
p.000010: of the objectives of research, its financers, possibilities of application of results and threats of misuse.
p.000010: 1.3 What should be considered when choosing the method?
p.000010: 1.3.1 The researcher decides which methods and which sample are appropriate for achieving the objectives of research,
p.000010: considering data protection regulations and ethical and legal restrictions.
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p.000011: 1.3.2 The researcher weighs the potential ethical and research problems related to the method and the sample, uses
p.000011: vulnerable groups or individuals in research only in well-grounded cases and avoids questionable, outdated, misleading
p.000011: and unscientific methods.
p.000011: 1.3.3 The researcher ensures the methodological transparency of research and describes the stages of data collection
p.000011: and their analysis as exactly as possible.
p.000011: 1.3.4 The researcher assesses whether research objectives can be achieved by reuse of data or new data have to be
p.000011: collected. To use public data collections as broadly as possible and to save resources, the researcher prefers reuse of
p.000011: data if research questions make it feasible. If personalised data are reused, the researcher follows the regulations
p.000011: and restrictions of data protection.
p.000011: 1.4 What should be considered when applying for resources?
p.000011: 1.4.1 The researcher assesses the sufficiency of the existing and applied for resources for achieving the aims of
p.000011: research and avoids giving unrealistic promises to financers and the society.
p.000011: 1.4.2 The researcher informs financers about co-financing and avoids applying for double financing for the same
p.000011: activity.
p.000011: 1.4.3 The researcher is free to decide from which partners to accept financing and avoids sources of financing that
p.000011: would compromise the autonomy of the researcher or research group members or harm the impartiality of research results.
p.000011: 1.4.4 The researcher adheres to the conditions related to financing and, in the case of co-financing, informs the
p.000011: financers, colleagues and partners about the potential contradictions between different conditions.
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p.000011: RESPONSIBILITY OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTION
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p.000012: prior consent from the ethics committee.
p.000012: 2.1.3 The researcher informs the subjects about the research objectives, the benefits and risks, who is conducting the
p.000012: study and who is financing it, which data are collected from them, who can access the data, in what form and how long
p.000012: the data are stored, and what happens to occasional findings.
p.000012: 2.1.4 The researcher informs the subjects about their right not to participate in the study and to withdraw their
p.000012: consent and about any other circumstances that can influence the subject’s consent to participate in the study.
p.000012: 2.1.5 The researcher inconveniences the subjects and groups involved in research as little as possible.
p.000012: 2.1.6 The researcher assesses the vulnerability and risks of persons and social groups involved in
p.000012: research, protecting them from potential stigmatisation, marginalisation or damage to their interests. The
p.000012: researcher takes care that the subjects’ wellbeing will not suffer after the end of research because of participation
p.000012: in it.
p.000012: 2.1.7 The researcher shares the benefits resulting from research fairly with all participants in research
p.000012: without whose participation or traditional knowledge the benefits of research would not have materialised. S/he ensures
p.000012: that the positive influences of research on vulnerable groups would be realised.
p.000012: 2.1.8 If research is conducted in developing countries, the researcher is obliged to ensure that the benefits resulting
p.000012: from research will reach the community.
p.000012: 2.2 What are the principles of analysis of research data?
p.000012: 2.2.1 The researcher does not falsify data, does not arbitrarily complete incomplete data and does not fabricate data.
p.000012: 2.2.2 When using data, the researcher is critical, does not draw unsubstantiated conclusions from them, does not make
p.000012: unsubstantiated assessments, does not present examples selectively and does not use the analysis of data in a biased
p.000012: way.
p.000012: 2.2.3 The researcher records the collection and analysis of data as precisely as possible and ensures the transparency
p.000012: of data analysis so that the quality of the data could be checked and, if necessary, their analysis be repeated.
p.000012: 2.2.4 The researcher describes and formats the collected data so that they could be used as openly and broadly as
p.000012: possible, and refers to the used data accurately.
p.000012: 2.2.5 In research, the researcher follows the principles and regulations of protection of personal data.
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p.000013: 2.2.6 The researcher ensures as broad access to data as possible, considering the substantiated
p.000013: limitations of access to the data resulting from the need to protect personal data, promises given to the subjects and
p.000013: the interests of research.
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p.000012: 2.1.2 In immediate studies of people and collection of personal data from them, the researcher always asks for their
p.000012: prior informed consent and ensures that the subject’s consent is informed and voluntary. Exceptionally, asking for
p.000012: consent is allowed after the collection of data if this is necessary for achieving the aims of research, but then it
p.000012: should be considered that the collection of data would not harm the persons involved in the study, and it would have
p.000012: prior consent from the ethics committee.
p.000012: 2.1.3 The researcher informs the subjects about the research objectives, the benefits and risks, who is conducting the
p.000012: study and who is financing it, which data are collected from them, who can access the data, in what form and how long
p.000012: the data are stored, and what happens to occasional findings.
p.000012: 2.1.4 The researcher informs the subjects about their right not to participate in the study and to withdraw their
p.000012: consent and about any other circumstances that can influence the subject’s consent to participate in the study.
p.000012: 2.1.5 The researcher inconveniences the subjects and groups involved in research as little as possible.
p.000012: 2.1.6 The researcher assesses the vulnerability and risks of persons and social groups involved in
p.000012: research, protecting them from potential stigmatisation, marginalisation or damage to their interests. The
p.000012: researcher takes care that the subjects’ wellbeing will not suffer after the end of research because of participation
p.000012: in it.
p.000012: 2.1.7 The researcher shares the benefits resulting from research fairly with all participants in research
p.000012: without whose participation or traditional knowledge the benefits of research would not have materialised. S/he ensures
p.000012: that the positive influences of research on vulnerable groups would be realised.
p.000012: 2.1.8 If research is conducted in developing countries, the researcher is obliged to ensure that the benefits resulting
p.000012: from research will reach the community.
p.000012: 2.2 What are the principles of analysis of research data?
p.000012: 2.2.1 The researcher does not falsify data, does not arbitrarily complete incomplete data and does not fabricate data.
p.000012: 2.2.2 When using data, the researcher is critical, does not draw unsubstantiated conclusions from them, does not make
p.000012: unsubstantiated assessments, does not present examples selectively and does not use the analysis of data in a biased
p.000012: way.
p.000012: 2.2.3 The researcher records the collection and analysis of data as precisely as possible and ensures the transparency
p.000012: of data analysis so that the quality of the data could be checked and, if necessary, their analysis be repeated.
p.000012: 2.2.4 The researcher describes and formats the collected data so that they could be used as openly and broadly as
p.000012: possible, and refers to the used data accurately.
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Health / Drug Usage
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p.000007: 7
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p.000007: VALUES
p.000007: The most essential values of research integrity are freedom, responsibility, honesty and objectivity,
p.000007: respect and caring, justice, openness and cooperation. It should be kept in mind that none of these values is absolute
p.000007: – they may come into conflict between one another and, depending on the situation, researchers have to choose which of
p.000007: the conflicting values are more essential in the particular situation. After moral consideration, balance should be
p.000007: found between different values. If setting one of the conflicting values higher in the hierarchy, the protection of the
p.000007: less important value should still be ensured.
p.000007: 1. Freedom means that the researcher
p.000007: is free to choose the research problem or hypothesis;
p.000007: is free to search for new research ideas and critically assess the existing ones;
p.000007: is free to choose the research group, research institution or sources of financing.
p.000007: 2. Responsibility means that the researcher
p.000007: is responsible for the results and consequences of the research and is aware that his/her work and decisions can
p.000007: influence other people and future generations;
p.000007: avoids harming people, society and nature, and informs the public about potential threats;
p.000007: follows all the pertinent rules in research and, in the absence of precise rules, follows the good practice of
p.000007: research;
p.000007: is aware that his/her conduct serves as a model for the present and future generations of researchers.
p.000007: 3. Honesty and objectivity mean that the researcher
p.000007: is honest, precise and impartial in all aspects of research activities;
p.000007: does not forge or fabricate data and does not plagiarise;
p.000007: interprets both data and research results objectively, not arbitrarily;
p.000007: acknowledges his/her errors and, if necessary, reassesses his/her earlier work in the light of new research results.
p.000007: 4. Respect and caring mean that the researcher
p.000007: shows respect to his/her teachers, students, colleagues and cooperation partners and avoids causing unsubstantiated
p.000007: harm to their interests;
p.000007: respects the dignity, autonomy and privacy of persons involved in research;
p.000007: is caring to experiment animals, avoids unsubstantiated harm to them and ensures their wellbeing;
p.000007: respects life and maintains a careful attitude to the environment, biosphere and biodiversity;
p.000007: honours cultural diversity and maintains a careful attitude to the material and spiritual heritage of humankind.
p.000007: 5. Justice means that the researcher
p.000007: treats all colleagues and cooperation partners equally; while acknowledging colleagues, the researcher
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p.000012: 2.1 How to treat persons involved in research?
p.000012: 2.1.1 The researcher respects the free will of persons involved in research and ensures the protection of their
p.000012: autonomy, human dignity, privacy and wellbeing, avoiding harming them.
p.000012: 2.1.2 In immediate studies of people and collection of personal data from them, the researcher always asks for their
p.000012: prior informed consent and ensures that the subject’s consent is informed and voluntary. Exceptionally, asking for
p.000012: consent is allowed after the collection of data if this is necessary for achieving the aims of research, but then it
p.000012: should be considered that the collection of data would not harm the persons involved in the study, and it would have
p.000012: prior consent from the ethics committee.
p.000012: 2.1.3 The researcher informs the subjects about the research objectives, the benefits and risks, who is conducting the
p.000012: study and who is financing it, which data are collected from them, who can access the data, in what form and how long
p.000012: the data are stored, and what happens to occasional findings.
p.000012: 2.1.4 The researcher informs the subjects about their right not to participate in the study and to withdraw their
p.000012: consent and about any other circumstances that can influence the subject’s consent to participate in the study.
p.000012: 2.1.5 The researcher inconveniences the subjects and groups involved in research as little as possible.
p.000012: 2.1.6 The researcher assesses the vulnerability and risks of persons and social groups involved in
p.000012: research, protecting them from potential stigmatisation, marginalisation or damage to their interests. The
p.000012: researcher takes care that the subjects’ wellbeing will not suffer after the end of research because of participation
p.000012: in it.
p.000012: 2.1.7 The researcher shares the benefits resulting from research fairly with all participants in research
p.000012: without whose participation or traditional knowledge the benefits of research would not have materialised. S/he ensures
p.000012: that the positive influences of research on vulnerable groups would be realised.
p.000012: 2.1.8 If research is conducted in developing countries, the researcher is obliged to ensure that the benefits resulting
p.000012: from research will reach the community.
p.000012: 2.2 What are the principles of analysis of research data?
p.000012: 2.2.1 The researcher does not falsify data, does not arbitrarily complete incomplete data and does not fabricate data.
p.000012: 2.2.2 When using data, the researcher is critical, does not draw unsubstantiated conclusions from them, does not make
p.000012: unsubstantiated assessments, does not present examples selectively and does not use the analysis of data in a biased
p.000012: way.
p.000012: 2.2.3 The researcher records the collection and analysis of data as precisely as possible and ensures the transparency
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p.000013: 5 The guiding principes could be FAIR principes – Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Re-usable data. The FAIR
p.000013: data principles. https://www.force11.org/group/fairgroup/fairprinciples (accessed 24 October 2017).
p.000013: 6 3 R’s (the Three R’s) Principles is an abbreviation that signifies three principles: Replacement,
p.000013: Reduction, Refinement. Replacement, Reduction and Refinement – the "Three Rs".
p.000013: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/lab_animals/3r/alternative_ en.htm (accessed 24 October 2017).
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p.000014: RESPONSIBILITY OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTION
p.000014: 2.5 How to ensure the safety of research?
p.000014: 2.5.1 The research institution ensures that all the handlers of hazardous materials, organisms and equipment have the
p.000014: necessary knowledge, skills and devices for safe conduct of research.
p.000014: 2.5.2 In the case of severe danger, the research institution informs all the endangered persons publicly
p.000014: and acts as quickly as possible for elimination of danger.
p.000014: 2.6 How to support the administration of research data?
p.000014: 2.6.1 The research institution supports the responsible administration of data and research materials by providing the
p.000014: necessary infrastructure, training and guidelines.
p.000014: 2.6.2 The research institution ensures that limitations to the use of data would be substantiated and fair and that
p.000014: information about the usability of the data held by the institution and the corresponding intellectual
p.000014: property rights would be easily accessible.
p.000014: 2.6.3 The research institution ensures that data with essential influence on the society or natural environment are
p.000014: preserved and are available for as long as possible.
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p.000015: 15
p.000015:
p.000015: 3. AUTHORSHIP, PUBLISHING AND APPLICATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS
p.000015: In publishing and application of research results, it is essential to consider the interests and rights related to
p.000015: authorship, intellectual property and acknowledgement of all the researchers and cooperation partners who have
p.000015: contributed to research. Research results can be applied for social or commercial purposes, including in contribution
p.000015: to innovation, development of teaching, patenting of inventions, cooperation with entrepreneurs and other parties
p.000015: outside the research community. The greater the number of people who have contributed to publishing and application of
p.000015: research results, the more essential it is to reach an agreement on these questions to avoid damage to mutual
p.000015: cooperation and reliability of research.
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p.000015: RESPONSIBILITY OF THE RESEARCHER
p.000015: 3.1 Who is the author of the research publication?
p.000015: 3.1.1 The author(s) of the research publication are the person or persons who have created the work and have been named
p.000015: as its author(s).
p.000015: 3.1.2 The researcher agrees on the authorship of the research publication with persons who contribute to the creation
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p.000015: • Final approval of the version to be published; AND
p.000015: • Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or
p.000015: integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved."7
p.000015: 3.1.3 The researcher can also agree on the authorship of the research on other principles if the contribution of each
p.000015: author is clearly identifiable and pointed out, and each author is individually responsible for his/her part.
p.000015: 3.1.4 The researcher discusses the attribution of authorship of the research publication, the sequence of authors and
p.000015: other questions related to publishing with all colleagues and partners who contribute to the research.
p.000015: 3.1.5 The researcher coordinates the changes made in the manuscript with all the other authors.
p.000015: 3.1.6 The researcher has the right to withdraw authorship if s/he does not agree with some part of research or is not
p.000015: willing to be responsible for the content of the whole publication. Nonetheless, his/her essential contribution should
p.000015: be mentioned, if possible, e.g., in acknowledgements.
p.000015: 3.2 How to acknowledge the contribution of third persons to the research publication?
p.000015: 3.2.1 In the publication, the researcher acknowledges the persons who do not meet the criteria of authorship but who
p.000015: have contributed to the conduct of research and completion of the research publication, and notes their role and
p.000015: contribution.
p.000015: 3.2.2 The researcher does not use authorship in exchange for data, use of equipment or any other benefits.
p.000015: 3.2.3 The researcher publicises the financers and supporters of research, limitations of the research and other
p.000015: information that can influence the reliability of research.
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p.000015: 7 The criteria have been quoted from the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical
p.000015: Journal Editors.
p.000015: Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. (2016)
p.000015: http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.htm
p.000015: l (accessed 24 October 2017).
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p.000016: 3.3 What should be considered when publishing research results?
p.000016: 3.3.1 The researcher is responsible for the up-to-date, precise, honest and transparent presentation of research
p.000016: results and data.
p.000016: 3.3.2 The researcher refers accurately to his/her own and other researchers’ earlier published and unpublished works
p.000016: according to the conventions of the research area and instructions of the research institution, publication or
p.000016: publisher.
p.000016: 3.3.3 The researcher publicises the repeated use of the same data, interpretation or results in more than one
p.000016: publication, referring to the earlier place of publication.
p.000016: 3.3.4 The researcher also seeks the publication of negative research results to save resources and to avoid needless
p.000016: repetition of research.
p.000016: 3.3.5 The researcher informs the publication or the publisher about errors discovered after publishing. In the case of
p.000016: essential shortcomings, the researcher applies for the retraction of the publication.
p.000016: 3.4 Which recommendations and restrictions should be considered at publishing?
p.000016: 3.4.1 The researcher avoids publishing in a publication if doubts emerge about the reliability of the publication or
p.000016: the publisher or the quality of peer reviewing.
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p.000018: competing researchers or research institutions and more favourable treatment of familiar persons are clearly
p.000018: condemnable. Being aware of potential conflicts of interests is particularly essential as this may be accompanied by
p.000018: the threat of corruption.
p.000018: The role conflict is a situation where the researcher has to simultaneously consider the conflicting requirements of
p.000018: his/her roles. In addition to being a researcher, the researcher can have other roles in academic or personal life,
p.000018: like being a supervisor, teacher, leader, administrator, expert, populariser of research, parent, spouse, or member of
p.000018: a non-governmental organisation. In these situations, it is very difficult to say which role the researcher should
p.000018: prefer to others. In such cases, it is essential to perform each role as well as possible. Role conflicts tend to grow
p.000018: into conflicts of interests; therefore, they cannot be ignored.
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p.000018: RESPONSIBILITY OF THE RESEARCHER
p.000018: 4.1 How to react if a conflict of interests is suspected?
p.000018: 4.1.1 The researcher always reacts if a conflict of interests is suspected in his/her own or colleagues’ activities.
p.000018: 4.1.2 If a conflict of interests is suspected, the researcher avoids solving it alone and, if necessary, asks the
p.000018: colleagues or the research institution for advice how to act in such a situation.
p.000018: 4.1.3 The researcher assesses critically the impact of the conflict of interests on his/her own and the colleagues’
p.000018: decisions, taking into consideration that not all the conflicts have an inappropriate influence on decisions.
p.000018: 4.1.4 The researcher protects the confidential information that has become known to him/her during the disclosure of a
p.000018: conflict of interests.
p.000018: 4.2 How to act in the case of a conflict of interests that concerns oneself?
p.000018: 4.2.1 The researcher develops awareness of risks related to conflicts of interests and prevents them and does
p.000018: everything depending on him/her to ensure the objectivity of his/her decisions.
p.000018: 4.2.2 The researcher discloses all the conflicts of interests related to research in good time and informs colleagues
p.000018: and cooperation partners about conflicts of interests that can occur during research, at the same time
p.000018: considering the possible restrictions resulting from confidentiality.
p.000018: 4.2.3 As an author, the researcher informs the journal or the publisher about all the monetary or other interests and
p.000018: personal relations that can influence the reliability of the research to be published.
p.000018: 4.2.4 As a reviewer, the researcher informs the journal or the publisher about any circumstances that can influence the
p.000018: impartiality or reliability of his/her review. In the case of a significant conflict of interests, the researcher
p.000018: withdraws from reviewing.
p.000018: 4.2.5 As an expert, the researcher informs the institution asking for expert opinion about any competing
p.000018: or private interests that may compromise his/her independence and impartiality.
p.000018: 4.2.6 In the case of an essential conflict of interests, the researcher resigns from the position of a decision-maker,
p.000018: assessor or expert. If the researcher still continues in the role of a decision-maker or assessor, s/he has to
p.000018: substantiate his/her decision to all the parties honestly and clearly.
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p.000019: 4.3 How to create and keep good collegial relations?
p.000019: 4.3.1 The researcher develops awareness of his/her different roles and their requirements and addresses the
p.000019: tensions resulting from role conflicts, considering the human dignity of all the parties and the principles of research
p.000019: integrity.
p.000019: 4.3.2 As a colleague, the researcher is helpful, polite and considerate to all colleagues and avoids discriminatory and
p.000019: groundlessly different treatment of colleagues.
p.000019: 4.3.3 The researcher as a teacher and supervisor communicates with students and supervisees cooperatively;
p.000019: agrees on how and in which aspects s/he supports the supervisee, supports the supervisee’s development at
p.000019: work and acknowledges the supervisee’s progress.
p.000019: 4.3.4 The researcher regards his/her supervisor(s) and supervisee(s) respectfully, acknowledging and thanking them for
p.000019: their support to the research and personal development of the researcher.
...
Social / Access to Social Goods
Searching for indicator access:
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p.000011: 1.4.4 The researcher adheres to the conditions related to financing and, in the case of co-financing, informs the
p.000011: financers, colleagues and partners about the potential contradictions between different conditions.
p.000011:
p.000011: RESPONSIBILITY OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTION
p.000011: 1.5 What should be considered when planning research?
p.000011: 1.5.1 The research institution honours the researcher’s freedom to choose the aims and methods of research. If the
p.000011: research institution considers it necessary to support and direct the researcher’s activity by selecting and developing
p.000011: certain prioritary trends of research, the decision process must be involving, clear and transparent, considering the
p.000011: mission and tasks of the research institution, the need to maintain continuity and to create a flexible career model.
p.000011: 1.5.2 The research institution supports open and exploratory research, favouring the research of new themes, new
p.000011: research projects, application of different methods and initiation of new trends in research.
p.000011: 1.5.3 The research institution ensures the protection of intellectual property in its possession and, if necessary,
p.000011: supports researchers in questions related to intellectual property.
p.000011: 1.6 What should be considered to ensure transparent and fair financing?
p.000011: 1.6.1 The research institution provides open and equal access of all researchers to the information about financing.
p.000011: 1.6.2 The rules of the research institution for allocating research funding are substantiated, transparent
p.000011: and public.
p.000011: 1.6.3 The principles of selection of financing and the financer are agreed at the research institution and made public.
p.000011: 1.6.4 The research institution ensures that, if research is conducted jointly by several research groups,
p.000011: the expenses and potential benefits related to research are divided fairly between all the participants.
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p.000012:
p.000012: 2. CONDUCT OF RESEARCH
p.000012: In addition to collection and analysis of data, conduct of research includes the questions of safety, security and
p.000012: ensuring the wellbeing of the persons and animals involved. The rights and interests of persons involved in the
p.000012: research must also be considered.
p.000012:
p.000012: RESPONSIBILITY OF THE RESEARCHER
p.000012: 2.1 How to treat persons involved in research?
p.000012: 2.1.1 The researcher respects the free will of persons involved in research and ensures the protection of their
p.000012: autonomy, human dignity, privacy and wellbeing, avoiding harming them.
p.000012: 2.1.2 In immediate studies of people and collection of personal data from them, the researcher always asks for their
p.000012: prior informed consent and ensures that the subject’s consent is informed and voluntary. Exceptionally, asking for
p.000012: consent is allowed after the collection of data if this is necessary for achieving the aims of research, but then it
p.000012: should be considered that the collection of data would not harm the persons involved in the study, and it would have
p.000012: prior consent from the ethics committee.
p.000012: 2.1.3 The researcher informs the subjects about the research objectives, the benefits and risks, who is conducting the
p.000012: study and who is financing it, which data are collected from them, who can access the data, in what form and how long
p.000012: the data are stored, and what happens to occasional findings.
p.000012: 2.1.4 The researcher informs the subjects about their right not to participate in the study and to withdraw their
p.000012: consent and about any other circumstances that can influence the subject’s consent to participate in the study.
p.000012: 2.1.5 The researcher inconveniences the subjects and groups involved in research as little as possible.
p.000012: 2.1.6 The researcher assesses the vulnerability and risks of persons and social groups involved in
p.000012: research, protecting them from potential stigmatisation, marginalisation or damage to their interests. The
p.000012: researcher takes care that the subjects’ wellbeing will not suffer after the end of research because of participation
p.000012: in it.
p.000012: 2.1.7 The researcher shares the benefits resulting from research fairly with all participants in research
p.000012: without whose participation or traditional knowledge the benefits of research would not have materialised. S/he ensures
p.000012: that the positive influences of research on vulnerable groups would be realised.
p.000012: 2.1.8 If research is conducted in developing countries, the researcher is obliged to ensure that the benefits resulting
p.000012: from research will reach the community.
p.000012: 2.2 What are the principles of analysis of research data?
p.000012: 2.2.1 The researcher does not falsify data, does not arbitrarily complete incomplete data and does not fabricate data.
p.000012: 2.2.2 When using data, the researcher is critical, does not draw unsubstantiated conclusions from them, does not make
p.000012: unsubstantiated assessments, does not present examples selectively and does not use the analysis of data in a biased
p.000012: way.
p.000012: 2.2.3 The researcher records the collection and analysis of data as precisely as possible and ensures the transparency
p.000012: of data analysis so that the quality of the data could be checked and, if necessary, their analysis be repeated.
p.000012: 2.2.4 The researcher describes and formats the collected data so that they could be used as openly and broadly as
p.000012: possible, and refers to the used data accurately.
p.000012: 2.2.5 In research, the researcher follows the principles and regulations of protection of personal data.
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p.000012:
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p.000013:
p.000013: 2.2.6 The researcher ensures as broad access to data as possible, considering the substantiated
p.000013: limitations of access to the data resulting from the need to protect personal data, promises given to the subjects and
p.000013: the interests of research.
p.000013: 2.2.7 The researcher, in cooperation with the research institution, stores research data as long as possible; when
p.000013: setting the storage time, s/he considers the value of data for research, the conventions of one’s research area,
p.000013: the physical and technological facilities of the research institution and agreements with subjects or
p.000013: holders of data. The researcher stores personalised data as long as necessary and as briefly as possible.
p.000013: 2.2.8 When storing and using data, the researcher ensures their integrity and safety and, if necessary, ensures the
p.000013: safe and proper destruction of data.
p.000013: 2.2.9 The researcher takes care that research data could be found and used as easily as possible.5
p.000013: 2.3 How to ensure the safety of research?
p.000013: 2.3.1 In the framework of research, the researcher ensures the protection of health and wellbeing of him-/herself and
p.000013: all the participants in research and persons involved in research.
p.000013: 2.3.2 The researcher is obliged to assess the risks related to research, be aware of them and take measures to
p.000013: prevent risks. S/he also informs the colleagues and the research institution of the potential threats and
p.000013: safety hazards.
p.000013: 2.3.3 If new risks and threats emerge, the researcher assesses whether research can be continued in its earlier form
p.000013: without harming anyone’s health and wellbeing and, if necessary, changes the conduct of research.
p.000013: 2.3.4 The researcher is responsible for the safety of the work environment and ensures that unauthorised
p.000013: persons’ access to hazardous substances, equipment and organisms and to confidential information is restricted.
p.000013: 2.3.5 The researcher respects the integrity of natural environment and spiritual and material heritage, and
p.000013: removes objects under study from their original environment only in substantiated cases.
p.000013: 2.3.6 The researcher avoids damaging the natural environment and cultural heritage. If endangered species, protected
p.000013: monuments or areas are studied, the researcher applies for the necessary permits and coordinations.
p.000013: 2.4 What should be considered in animal experiments?
p.000013: 2.4.1 The researcher ensures the wellbeing of the animals participating in research, and, in planning and conduct of
p.000013: animal experiments, is guided by the 3R principle6: if possible, replaces animal experiments with alternative
p.000013: techniques, reduces the number of animals to the smallest possible and refines the procedures of research to diminish
p.000013: the current and future sufferings and pain caused to animals. If possible, the researcher uses species less sensitive
p.000013: to pain.
p.000013: 2.4.2 The researcher takes care of the good living conditions of experiment animals and ensures their maximum wellbeing
p.000013: during experiments, breeding, keeping and transport.
p.000013: 2.4.3 The researcher conducts experiments with animals only when having the necessary permits.
p.000013:
p.000013:
p.000013:
p.000013:
p.000013: 5 The guiding principes could be FAIR principes – Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Re-usable data. The FAIR
p.000013: data principles. https://www.force11.org/group/fairgroup/fairprinciples (accessed 24 October 2017).
...
p.000015: Journal Editors.
p.000015: Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. (2016)
p.000015: http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.htm
p.000015: l (accessed 24 October 2017).
p.000015:
p.000016: 16
p.000016:
p.000016: 3.3 What should be considered when publishing research results?
p.000016: 3.3.1 The researcher is responsible for the up-to-date, precise, honest and transparent presentation of research
p.000016: results and data.
p.000016: 3.3.2 The researcher refers accurately to his/her own and other researchers’ earlier published and unpublished works
p.000016: according to the conventions of the research area and instructions of the research institution, publication or
p.000016: publisher.
p.000016: 3.3.3 The researcher publicises the repeated use of the same data, interpretation or results in more than one
p.000016: publication, referring to the earlier place of publication.
p.000016: 3.3.4 The researcher also seeks the publication of negative research results to save resources and to avoid needless
p.000016: repetition of research.
p.000016: 3.3.5 The researcher informs the publication or the publisher about errors discovered after publishing. In the case of
p.000016: essential shortcomings, the researcher applies for the retraction of the publication.
p.000016: 3.4 Which recommendations and restrictions should be considered at publishing?
p.000016: 3.4.1 The researcher avoids publishing in a publication if doubts emerge about the reliability of the publication or
p.000016: the publisher or the quality of peer reviewing.
p.000016: 3.4.2 If other conditions are equal, the researcher prefers open-access journals.
p.000016: 3.4.3 The researcher takes care that scholarly thinking and published research results would reach the broad public
p.000016: and, if necessary, cooperates with parties outside the research community to popularise research.
p.000016: 3.5 What should be considered when submitting research results for publication and reviewing?
p.000016: 3.5.1 The reviewer ensures the quality, impartiality and timeliness of reviewing and keeps the research
p.000016: results that have become known to him/her confidential until their publication.
p.000016: 3.5.2 The reviewer does not use his/her position for imposing his/her own research results and publications on the
p.000016: author with the aim to increase citability.
p.000016: 3.5.3 The author of the research publication does not simultaneously submit the same article to several journals for
p.000016: reviewing and publication.
p.000016: 3.5.4 If the research publisher has forwarded the reviewers’ feedback and proposals for corrections and promised to
p.000016: publish the corrected publication, the author of the research publication does not change the publisher.
p.000016: 3.6 What is the responsibility of the researcher for the application of research results?
p.000016: 3.6.1 The researcher considers it essential that his/her research results would find socially beneficial application.
p.000016: 3.6.2 The researcher is open for cooperation with other parties to present the possibilities for
p.000016: application of research results and participates in this process if possible.
p.000016:
p.000016: RESPONSIBILITY OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTION
p.000016: 3.7 How to support research integrity in publishing?
p.000016: 3.7.1 The research institution supports honest, fair and transparent attribution and acknowledgement of authorship by
p.000016: necessary instructions and training.
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p.000020: auxiliary materials and instructions for following the values and action principles of research integrity.
p.000020: 5.3.2 The research institution supports leaders of research groups and supervisors so that they could set an example
p.000020: and be mentors to colleagues in following the principles of research integrity.
p.000020: 5.3.3 The research institution acknowledges researchers who excel in promoting and disseminating research integrity and
p.000020: also communicate their viewpoints to the public.
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p.000021: 5.4 How deal with breaches of principles of research integrity?
p.000021: 5.4.1 The research institution creates clear guidelines for reporting on possible breaches of principles of research
p.000021: integrity and defines clearly who should be approached in the case of suspicions and questions.
p.000021: 5.4.2 The research institution establishes the order of dealing with suspicions of breaches, agrees on sanctions and
p.000021: ensures that the procedures are fair, impartial and transparent. If breaches, including malevolent accusations, are
p.000021: discovered, the research institution applies sanctions agreed upon in relation to the person who breaches research
p.000021: integrity or presents a malevolent accusation.
p.000021: 5.4.3 The research institution protects bona fide whistleblowers, ensures the confidentiality of dealing
p.000021: with possible breaches and protects the dignity and inviolability of private life of all the parties involved.
p.000021: 5.4.4 The research institution reacts to ascertained breaches immediately, considering the severity of the breach, the
p.000021: earlier conduct of the transgressor, and differentiating between deliberate breaches and honest errors.
p.000021: 5.4.5 The research institution ensures access to information about earlier proceedings and ensures that public
p.000021: information honours the privacy and human dignity of all parties.
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...
Social / Age
Searching for indicator age:
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p.000007: research;
p.000007: is aware that his/her conduct serves as a model for the present and future generations of researchers.
p.000007: 3. Honesty and objectivity mean that the researcher
p.000007: is honest, precise and impartial in all aspects of research activities;
p.000007: does not forge or fabricate data and does not plagiarise;
p.000007: interprets both data and research results objectively, not arbitrarily;
p.000007: acknowledges his/her errors and, if necessary, reassesses his/her earlier work in the light of new research results.
p.000007: 4. Respect and caring mean that the researcher
p.000007: shows respect to his/her teachers, students, colleagues and cooperation partners and avoids causing unsubstantiated
p.000007: harm to their interests;
p.000007: respects the dignity, autonomy and privacy of persons involved in research;
p.000007: is caring to experiment animals, avoids unsubstantiated harm to them and ensures their wellbeing;
p.000007: respects life and maintains a careful attitude to the environment, biosphere and biodiversity;
p.000007: honours cultural diversity and maintains a careful attitude to the material and spiritual heritage of humankind.
p.000007: 5. Justice means that the researcher
p.000007: treats all colleagues and cooperation partners equally; while acknowledging colleagues, the researcher
p.000007: considers their actual contribution to research;
p.000007: in his/her judgements concerning research, is not influenced by the other person’s gender, age, nationality, race,
p.000007: religion, school, status or other features that are not relevant to the judgement;
p.000007: is aware of the possible conflicts of interests and gives timely notice of them;
p.000007: uses the available resources efficiently, sparingly and purposefully;
p.000007: takes care that the distribution of resources is transparent and everyone has equal opportunities to apply for them.
p.000007:
p.000007:
p.000008: 8
p.000008:
p.000008: 6. Openness and cooperation mean that the researcher
p.000008: is open to cooperation with partners;
p.000008: takes care for the good creative work environment;
p.000008: strives for transparency in research and shares information about the aims, financing and methods of his/her
p.000008: research, and about the course of analysis.
p.000008: is open to share ideas, data and research results with others;
p.000008: assesses critically his/her own and others’ research and is open to substantiated criticism.
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p.000009: 9
p.000009:
p.000009: PRINCIPLES OF ACTION
p.000009: The principles of research integrity concentrate on what researchers or research institutions should do to follow the
p.000009: values of research integrity. At the same time, it should be remembered that the activities of individual researchers
...
Social / Incarcerated
Searching for indicator restricted:
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p.000013: setting the storage time, s/he considers the value of data for research, the conventions of one’s research area,
p.000013: the physical and technological facilities of the research institution and agreements with subjects or
p.000013: holders of data. The researcher stores personalised data as long as necessary and as briefly as possible.
p.000013: 2.2.8 When storing and using data, the researcher ensures their integrity and safety and, if necessary, ensures the
p.000013: safe and proper destruction of data.
p.000013: 2.2.9 The researcher takes care that research data could be found and used as easily as possible.5
p.000013: 2.3 How to ensure the safety of research?
p.000013: 2.3.1 In the framework of research, the researcher ensures the protection of health and wellbeing of him-/herself and
p.000013: all the participants in research and persons involved in research.
p.000013: 2.3.2 The researcher is obliged to assess the risks related to research, be aware of them and take measures to
p.000013: prevent risks. S/he also informs the colleagues and the research institution of the potential threats and
p.000013: safety hazards.
p.000013: 2.3.3 If new risks and threats emerge, the researcher assesses whether research can be continued in its earlier form
p.000013: without harming anyone’s health and wellbeing and, if necessary, changes the conduct of research.
p.000013: 2.3.4 The researcher is responsible for the safety of the work environment and ensures that unauthorised
p.000013: persons’ access to hazardous substances, equipment and organisms and to confidential information is restricted.
p.000013: 2.3.5 The researcher respects the integrity of natural environment and spiritual and material heritage, and
p.000013: removes objects under study from their original environment only in substantiated cases.
p.000013: 2.3.6 The researcher avoids damaging the natural environment and cultural heritage. If endangered species, protected
p.000013: monuments or areas are studied, the researcher applies for the necessary permits and coordinations.
p.000013: 2.4 What should be considered in animal experiments?
p.000013: 2.4.1 The researcher ensures the wellbeing of the animals participating in research, and, in planning and conduct of
p.000013: animal experiments, is guided by the 3R principle6: if possible, replaces animal experiments with alternative
p.000013: techniques, reduces the number of animals to the smallest possible and refines the procedures of research to diminish
p.000013: the current and future sufferings and pain caused to animals. If possible, the researcher uses species less sensitive
p.000013: to pain.
p.000013: 2.4.2 The researcher takes care of the good living conditions of experiment animals and ensures their maximum wellbeing
p.000013: during experiments, breeding, keeping and transport.
p.000013: 2.4.3 The researcher conducts experiments with animals only when having the necessary permits.
p.000013:
p.000013:
p.000013:
p.000013:
p.000013: 5 The guiding principes could be FAIR principes – Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Re-usable data. The FAIR
p.000013: data principles. https://www.force11.org/group/fairgroup/fairprinciples (accessed 24 October 2017).
p.000013: 6 3 R’s (the Three R’s) Principles is an abbreviation that signifies three principles: Replacement,
...
Social / Linguistic Proficiency
Searching for indicator language:
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p.000011: openness and cooperation.
p.000011: By joining the Estonian Code of Conduct for Research Integrity Agreement, we acknowledge the responsibility of
p.000011: individual researchers and research institutions as well as research organisations and financers of research
p.000011: concerning:
p.000011: planning of research;
p.000011: conduct of research;
p.000011: publishing and application of research results;
p.000011: identification and resolution of conflicts of interest;
p.000011: ensuring of collegiality in the workplace;
p.000011: dissemination and promotion of the principles of research integrity.
p.000011: By joining the Estonian Code of Conduct for Research Integrity Agreement, we promise to observe, disseminate, promote
p.000011: and apply the Estonian Code of Conduct for Research Integrity in our institution and to do everything in our power to
p.000011: prevent misconduct, to uncover cases of misconduct and to deal with cases of misconduct appropriately. We cooperate to
p.000011: apply the Estonian Code of Conduct for Research Integrity and to draw up the rules of procedure for dealing with cases
p.000011: of misconduct to ensure the credibility of research and as equal treatment of members of different research
p.000011: institutions as possible.
p.000011:
p.000011: Signatories:
p.000011:
p.000011: BioCC LLC
p.000011: Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies
p.000011: Competence Centre on Health Technologies
p.000011: Cybernetica AS
p.000011: Estonian Academy of Arts Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre
p.000011: Estonian Biocentre Estonian Business School
p.000011: Estonian Crop Research Institute Estonian Literary Museum Estonian National Museum Estonian Research Council
p.000011: Estonian University of Life Sciences
p.000011: Institute of the Estonian Language Ministry of Education and Research
p.000011: National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics
p.000011: National Institute for Health Development
p.000011: Software Technology and Applications Competence Center Tallinn University
p.000011: Tallinn University of Technology Tartu Observatory
p.000011: Under and Tuglas Literature Centre of the Estonian Academy of Sciences
p.000011: University of Tartu
p.000011: Signed on the 1st of November 2017 in Tallinn
p.000011:
p.000011:
p.000011:
p.000011:
p.000011:
p.000011: Contents
p.000011: PREFACE 6
p.000011: VALUES 8
p.000011: PRINCIPLES OF ACTION 10
p.000011: 1. PLANNING OF RESEARCH
p.000011: 11
p.000011: 2. CONDUCT OF RESEARCH
p.000013: 13
p.000013: 3. AUTHORSHIP, PUBLISHING AND APPLICATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS 16
p.000013: 4. RESEARCHER IN THE RESEARCH COMMUNITY
p.000019: 19
p.000019: 5. OBSERVANCE, PROMOTION AND APPLICATION OF RESEARCH INTEGRITY 21
p.000019:
p.000019: PREFACE
p.000019: The aim of the Estonian Code of Conduct for Research Integrity is to support knowledge about, acceptance
p.000019: and entrenchment of research integrity in the Estonian research community. The Code of Conduct for Research Integrity
p.000019: describes the conduct expected from researchers and the responsibility of research institutions in ensuring research
p.000019: integrity, thus contributing to the increase of credibility of research in the eyes of the individual and the public.
...
Social / Property Ownership
Searching for indicator home:
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p.000007: uses the available resources efficiently, sparingly and purposefully;
p.000007: takes care that the distribution of resources is transparent and everyone has equal opportunities to apply for them.
p.000007:
p.000007:
p.000008: 8
p.000008:
p.000008: 6. Openness and cooperation mean that the researcher
p.000008: is open to cooperation with partners;
p.000008: takes care for the good creative work environment;
p.000008: strives for transparency in research and shares information about the aims, financing and methods of his/her
p.000008: research, and about the course of analysis.
p.000008: is open to share ideas, data and research results with others;
p.000008: assesses critically his/her own and others’ research and is open to substantiated criticism.
p.000008:
p.000008:
p.000008:
p.000008:
p.000008:
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p.000009:
p.000009: PRINCIPLES OF ACTION
p.000009: The principles of research integrity concentrate on what researchers or research institutions should do to follow the
p.000009: values of research integrity. At the same time, it should be remembered that the activities of individual researchers
p.000009: and research institutions are influenced by many other institutions (e.g., financers and assessors) and the environment
p.000009: where they operate. Researchers can do research in research groups with many partners from home and abroad who can have
p.000009: different objectives and interests. In research groups, each of their members is responsible for following research
p.000009: integrity. Although the leader of the research group may have greater responsibility for the conduct and coordination
p.000009: of research, this does not diminish the responsibility of other group members.
p.000009: Research integrity contains principles of different concreteness or generality by which conduct of research should be
p.000009: guided. The more concretely formulated principles are those about which there is greater unanimity among the research
p.000009: community or which are derived from valid laws and international agreements. In the case of more generally worded
p.000009: principles, the researcher and the research institution have more freedom to decide how to best achieve the formulated
p.000009: ideal. It should also be considered that actual life is often more complex and diverse than a document that envisages
p.000009: ideals can describe. In the case of conflicts between principles and novel situations not covered by the research
p.000009: integrity document, researchers and research institutions have leeway to make the best possible choice in
p.000009: a complex situation.
p.000009: The principles of research integrity give instructions how to make choices in research so that they would not harm the
p.000009: reliability of the researcher, the research institution or research as a whole. In such situations, it may be difficult
p.000009: to give a clear and unambiguous assessment of the ethicality of actions and choices. It is essential that all choices
p.000009: would be well-weighed, substantiated and based on the values of research integrity.
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Searching for indicator property:
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p.000010: and cultural environment, indigenous peoples, humankind and the Estonian society, the research community and research
p.000010: institutions.
p.000010:
p.000010: RESPONSIBILITY OF THE RESEARCHER
p.000010: 1.1 What are the framework requirements for research integrity?
p.000010: 1.1.1 When planning research, the researcher considers the conventions and requirements of his/ her research area.
p.000010: 1.1.2 The researcher acts in conformity with the valid principles of research ethics, standards and legal regulations,
p.000010: and obtains the necessary permits, approvals and consent of the ethics committee.
p.000010: 1.1.3 The researcher takes into consideration that the rules and conditions applying to international partners can
p.000010: differ from those of his/her own research institution and agrees with the partners on the regulations and standards
p.000010: that should be jointly followed and how to prevent potential problems.
p.000010: 1.1.4 During the whole research process, from planning to publication of results, the researcher assesses the
p.000010: conformity of research with valid requirements and regulations. If conflicts emerge, s/he informs colleagues and
p.000010: cooperation partners and ensures the honest and transparent solution of problems.
p.000010: 1.1.5 The researcher avoids agreements which groundlessly limit the application and dissemination of research data or
p.000010: results.
p.000010: 1.1.6 The researcher takes care that the intellectual property created during research receives necessary
p.000010: protection and agrees as early as possible with cooperation partners to whom the corresponding rights
p.000010: belong.
p.000010: 1.2 What should be considered when setting the aims for research?
p.000010: 1.2.1 The researcher weighs how necessary and substantiated the planned research is.
p.000010: 1.2.2 In research, the researcher strives for social benefits and acts for the good of humankind. S/he assesses the
p.000010: potential beneficial and harmful impact of the planned research and whether the expected benefits outweigh the threats
p.000010: of potential damage and misuse.
p.000010: 1.2.3 The researcher keeps in mind the planned and unplanned ways of application of research results, including the
p.000010: possibilities of misuse and double use. In the case of risks, the researcher informs, depending on circumstances, the
p.000010: colleagues, the research institution, the ethics committee, the financers of research and other parties involved in
p.000010: research.
p.000010: 1.2.4 If necessary, the researcher involves in planning, in addition to colleagues, the persons or groups influenced by
p.000010: the planned research.
p.000010: 1.2.5 The researcher is free to decide whether to participate in research if s/he does not agree with its objectives or
p.000010: potential application.
p.000010: 1.2.6 As the leader of a research group, the researcher takes care that all the members of the research group are aware
p.000010: of the objectives of research, its financers, possibilities of application of results and threats of misuse.
p.000010: 1.3 What should be considered when choosing the method?
p.000010: 1.3.1 The researcher decides which methods and which sample are appropriate for achieving the objectives of research,
...
p.000011: research and avoids giving unrealistic promises to financers and the society.
p.000011: 1.4.2 The researcher informs financers about co-financing and avoids applying for double financing for the same
p.000011: activity.
p.000011: 1.4.3 The researcher is free to decide from which partners to accept financing and avoids sources of financing that
p.000011: would compromise the autonomy of the researcher or research group members or harm the impartiality of research results.
p.000011: 1.4.4 The researcher adheres to the conditions related to financing and, in the case of co-financing, informs the
p.000011: financers, colleagues and partners about the potential contradictions between different conditions.
p.000011:
p.000011: RESPONSIBILITY OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTION
p.000011: 1.5 What should be considered when planning research?
p.000011: 1.5.1 The research institution honours the researcher’s freedom to choose the aims and methods of research. If the
p.000011: research institution considers it necessary to support and direct the researcher’s activity by selecting and developing
p.000011: certain prioritary trends of research, the decision process must be involving, clear and transparent, considering the
p.000011: mission and tasks of the research institution, the need to maintain continuity and to create a flexible career model.
p.000011: 1.5.2 The research institution supports open and exploratory research, favouring the research of new themes, new
p.000011: research projects, application of different methods and initiation of new trends in research.
p.000011: 1.5.3 The research institution ensures the protection of intellectual property in its possession and, if necessary,
p.000011: supports researchers in questions related to intellectual property.
p.000011: 1.6 What should be considered to ensure transparent and fair financing?
p.000011: 1.6.1 The research institution provides open and equal access of all researchers to the information about financing.
p.000011: 1.6.2 The rules of the research institution for allocating research funding are substantiated, transparent
p.000011: and public.
p.000011: 1.6.3 The principles of selection of financing and the financer are agreed at the research institution and made public.
p.000011: 1.6.4 The research institution ensures that, if research is conducted jointly by several research groups,
p.000011: the expenses and potential benefits related to research are divided fairly between all the participants.
p.000011:
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p.000012:
p.000012: 2. CONDUCT OF RESEARCH
p.000012: In addition to collection and analysis of data, conduct of research includes the questions of safety, security and
p.000012: ensuring the wellbeing of the persons and animals involved. The rights and interests of persons involved in the
p.000012: research must also be considered.
p.000012:
p.000012: RESPONSIBILITY OF THE RESEARCHER
p.000012: 2.1 How to treat persons involved in research?
p.000012: 2.1.1 The researcher respects the free will of persons involved in research and ensures the protection of their
p.000012: autonomy, human dignity, privacy and wellbeing, avoiding harming them.
p.000012: 2.1.2 In immediate studies of people and collection of personal data from them, the researcher always asks for their
...
p.000013: during experiments, breeding, keeping and transport.
p.000013: 2.4.3 The researcher conducts experiments with animals only when having the necessary permits.
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p.000013: 5 The guiding principes could be FAIR principes – Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Re-usable data. The FAIR
p.000013: data principles. https://www.force11.org/group/fairgroup/fairprinciples (accessed 24 October 2017).
p.000013: 6 3 R’s (the Three R’s) Principles is an abbreviation that signifies three principles: Replacement,
p.000013: Reduction, Refinement. Replacement, Reduction and Refinement – the "Three Rs".
p.000013: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/lab_animals/3r/alternative_ en.htm (accessed 24 October 2017).
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p.000014: RESPONSIBILITY OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTION
p.000014: 2.5 How to ensure the safety of research?
p.000014: 2.5.1 The research institution ensures that all the handlers of hazardous materials, organisms and equipment have the
p.000014: necessary knowledge, skills and devices for safe conduct of research.
p.000014: 2.5.2 In the case of severe danger, the research institution informs all the endangered persons publicly
p.000014: and acts as quickly as possible for elimination of danger.
p.000014: 2.6 How to support the administration of research data?
p.000014: 2.6.1 The research institution supports the responsible administration of data and research materials by providing the
p.000014: necessary infrastructure, training and guidelines.
p.000014: 2.6.2 The research institution ensures that limitations to the use of data would be substantiated and fair and that
p.000014: information about the usability of the data held by the institution and the corresponding intellectual
p.000014: property rights would be easily accessible.
p.000014: 2.6.3 The research institution ensures that data with essential influence on the society or natural environment are
p.000014: preserved and are available for as long as possible.
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p.000015: 15
p.000015:
p.000015: 3. AUTHORSHIP, PUBLISHING AND APPLICATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS
p.000015: In publishing and application of research results, it is essential to consider the interests and rights related to
p.000015: authorship, intellectual property and acknowledgement of all the researchers and cooperation partners who have
p.000015: contributed to research. Research results can be applied for social or commercial purposes, including in contribution
p.000015: to innovation, development of teaching, patenting of inventions, cooperation with entrepreneurs and other parties
p.000015: outside the research community. The greater the number of people who have contributed to publishing and application of
p.000015: research results, the more essential it is to reach an agreement on these questions to avoid damage to mutual
p.000015: cooperation and reliability of research.
p.000015:
p.000015: RESPONSIBILITY OF THE RESEARCHER
p.000015: 3.1 Who is the author of the research publication?
p.000015: 3.1.1 The author(s) of the research publication are the person or persons who have created the work and have been named
p.000015: as its author(s).
p.000015: 3.1.2 The researcher agrees on the authorship of the research publication with persons who contribute to the creation
p.000015: of the publication, generally presuming that they meet all the following criteria:
p.000015: "• Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation
p.000015: of data for the work; AND
p.000015: • Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND
p.000015: • Final approval of the version to be published; AND
p.000015: • Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or
p.000015: integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved."7
p.000015: 3.1.3 The researcher can also agree on the authorship of the research on other principles if the contribution of each
p.000015: author is clearly identifiable and pointed out, and each author is individually responsible for his/her part.
...
Social / Racial Minority
Searching for indicator race:
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p.000007: 3. Honesty and objectivity mean that the researcher
p.000007: is honest, precise and impartial in all aspects of research activities;
p.000007: does not forge or fabricate data and does not plagiarise;
p.000007: interprets both data and research results objectively, not arbitrarily;
p.000007: acknowledges his/her errors and, if necessary, reassesses his/her earlier work in the light of new research results.
p.000007: 4. Respect and caring mean that the researcher
p.000007: shows respect to his/her teachers, students, colleagues and cooperation partners and avoids causing unsubstantiated
p.000007: harm to their interests;
p.000007: respects the dignity, autonomy and privacy of persons involved in research;
p.000007: is caring to experiment animals, avoids unsubstantiated harm to them and ensures their wellbeing;
p.000007: respects life and maintains a careful attitude to the environment, biosphere and biodiversity;
p.000007: honours cultural diversity and maintains a careful attitude to the material and spiritual heritage of humankind.
p.000007: 5. Justice means that the researcher
p.000007: treats all colleagues and cooperation partners equally; while acknowledging colleagues, the researcher
p.000007: considers their actual contribution to research;
p.000007: in his/her judgements concerning research, is not influenced by the other person’s gender, age, nationality, race,
p.000007: religion, school, status or other features that are not relevant to the judgement;
p.000007: is aware of the possible conflicts of interests and gives timely notice of them;
p.000007: uses the available resources efficiently, sparingly and purposefully;
p.000007: takes care that the distribution of resources is transparent and everyone has equal opportunities to apply for them.
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p.000008: 6. Openness and cooperation mean that the researcher
p.000008: is open to cooperation with partners;
p.000008: takes care for the good creative work environment;
p.000008: strives for transparency in research and shares information about the aims, financing and methods of his/her
p.000008: research, and about the course of analysis.
p.000008: is open to share ideas, data and research results with others;
p.000008: assesses critically his/her own and others’ research and is open to substantiated criticism.
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p.000009: 9
p.000009:
p.000009: PRINCIPLES OF ACTION
p.000009: The principles of research integrity concentrate on what researchers or research institutions should do to follow the
p.000009: values of research integrity. At the same time, it should be remembered that the activities of individual researchers
...
Social / Religion
Searching for indicator religion:
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p.000007: is honest, precise and impartial in all aspects of research activities;
p.000007: does not forge or fabricate data and does not plagiarise;
p.000007: interprets both data and research results objectively, not arbitrarily;
p.000007: acknowledges his/her errors and, if necessary, reassesses his/her earlier work in the light of new research results.
p.000007: 4. Respect and caring mean that the researcher
p.000007: shows respect to his/her teachers, students, colleagues and cooperation partners and avoids causing unsubstantiated
p.000007: harm to their interests;
p.000007: respects the dignity, autonomy and privacy of persons involved in research;
p.000007: is caring to experiment animals, avoids unsubstantiated harm to them and ensures their wellbeing;
p.000007: respects life and maintains a careful attitude to the environment, biosphere and biodiversity;
p.000007: honours cultural diversity and maintains a careful attitude to the material and spiritual heritage of humankind.
p.000007: 5. Justice means that the researcher
p.000007: treats all colleagues and cooperation partners equally; while acknowledging colleagues, the researcher
p.000007: considers their actual contribution to research;
p.000007: in his/her judgements concerning research, is not influenced by the other person’s gender, age, nationality, race,
p.000007: religion, school, status or other features that are not relevant to the judgement;
p.000007: is aware of the possible conflicts of interests and gives timely notice of them;
p.000007: uses the available resources efficiently, sparingly and purposefully;
p.000007: takes care that the distribution of resources is transparent and everyone has equal opportunities to apply for them.
p.000007:
p.000007:
p.000008: 8
p.000008:
p.000008: 6. Openness and cooperation mean that the researcher
p.000008: is open to cooperation with partners;
p.000008: takes care for the good creative work environment;
p.000008: strives for transparency in research and shares information about the aims, financing and methods of his/her
p.000008: research, and about the course of analysis.
p.000008: is open to share ideas, data and research results with others;
p.000008: assesses critically his/her own and others’ research and is open to substantiated criticism.
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p.000009: 9
p.000009:
p.000009: PRINCIPLES OF ACTION
p.000009: The principles of research integrity concentrate on what researchers or research institutions should do to follow the
p.000009: values of research integrity. At the same time, it should be remembered that the activities of individual researchers
p.000009: and research institutions are influenced by many other institutions (e.g., financers and assessors) and the environment
...
Social / Threat of Stigma
Searching for indicator threat:
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p.000017:
p.000017: 3.7.4 The research institution provides training and facilities (e.g., plagiarism detector software) for avoiding
p.000017: misconduct and ascertaining it, and supports dealing with such cases.
p.000017: 3.7.5 The research institution encourages researchers to inform about errors discovered later and to correct their
p.000017: errors.
p.000017: 3.7.6 The research institution acknowledges and supports researchers and appreciates the contribution of researchers
p.000017: who popularise their speciality or help to solve problems of social significance.
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p.000018: 18
p.000018:
p.000018: 4. RESEARCHER IN THE RESEARCH COMMUNITY
p.000018: A conflict of interests can occur at any stage of the researcher’s work if the credibility of his/her work or decisions
p.000018: becomes questionable because of competing interests. Decisions not based on the interests of research, use of research
p.000018: resources in private interests, deliberate influencing of the objectivity of decisions, causing deliberate harm to
p.000018: competing researchers or research institutions and more favourable treatment of familiar persons are clearly
p.000018: condemnable. Being aware of potential conflicts of interests is particularly essential as this may be accompanied by
p.000018: the threat of corruption.
p.000018: The role conflict is a situation where the researcher has to simultaneously consider the conflicting requirements of
p.000018: his/her roles. In addition to being a researcher, the researcher can have other roles in academic or personal life,
p.000018: like being a supervisor, teacher, leader, administrator, expert, populariser of research, parent, spouse, or member of
p.000018: a non-governmental organisation. In these situations, it is very difficult to say which role the researcher should
p.000018: prefer to others. In such cases, it is essential to perform each role as well as possible. Role conflicts tend to grow
p.000018: into conflicts of interests; therefore, they cannot be ignored.
p.000018:
p.000018: RESPONSIBILITY OF THE RESEARCHER
p.000018: 4.1 How to react if a conflict of interests is suspected?
p.000018: 4.1.1 The researcher always reacts if a conflict of interests is suspected in his/her own or colleagues’ activities.
p.000018: 4.1.2 If a conflict of interests is suspected, the researcher avoids solving it alone and, if necessary, asks the
p.000018: colleagues or the research institution for advice how to act in such a situation.
p.000018: 4.1.3 The researcher assesses critically the impact of the conflict of interests on his/her own and the colleagues’
p.000018: decisions, taking into consideration that not all the conflicts have an inappropriate influence on decisions.
p.000018: 4.1.4 The researcher protects the confidential information that has become known to him/her during the disclosure of a
p.000018: conflict of interests.
p.000018: 4.2 How to act in the case of a conflict of interests that concerns oneself?
p.000018: 4.2.1 The researcher develops awareness of risks related to conflicts of interests and prevents them and does
...
Social / education
Searching for indicator education:
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p.000011: The document was prepared by:
p.000011: The work group of the Centre for Ethics, University of Tartu: Marten Juurik, Laura Lilles-Heinsar, Kristi Lõuk, Heidy
p.000011: Meriste, Mari-Liisa Parder, Marie Soone, Margit Sutrop, Katrin Velbaum,
p.000011: Liisi Veski.
p.000011: The work group of the Estonian Research Council: Martin Eessalu, Jüri Engelbrecht, Andres Koppel, Priit Kulu, Katri
p.000011: Ling, Kristi Lõuk, Toivo Maimets, Kadri Mäger, Tanel Mällo, Katrin Niglas,
p.000011: Eha Nurk, Margus Pärtlas, Urve Sinijärv, Margit Sutrop, Tarmo Uustalu.
p.000011:
p.000011:
p.000011: The activity of the work group of the Centre for Ethics, University of Tartu, meetings related to drafting the document
p.000011: were financed by the development fund of the University of Tartu.
p.000011:
p.000011: Translation Ilmar Anvelt
p.000011:
p.000011: Proofreading Jaana Eigi
p.000011:
p.000011: Design Margus Evert
p.000011: For cover design Chico Lopez’s photo from pixabay.com is used, CC0
p.000011: Publisher
p.000011: Centre for Ethics, University of Tartu 2017
p.000011: CC BY 3.0
p.000011:
p.000011: ISBN 978-9985-4-1082-0 ISBN 978-9985-4-1083-7 (pdf)
p.000011:
p.000011: ESTONIAN CODE OF CONDUCT FOR RESEARCH INTEGRITY AGREEMENT
p.000011: By joining the Estonian Code of Conduct for Research Integrity Agreement, the research institutions confirm that they
p.000011: respect the main values of research and the principles of action described in the text of the Estonian Code of Conduct
p.000011: for Research Integrity finalised in 2017 in cooperation between Estonian research institutions, the Estonian Academy of
p.000011: Sciences, the Estonian Research Council, and the Ministry of Education and Research.
p.000011: Every research institution retains the right to decide how to raise its members’ awareness of the main values and
p.000011: principles of action agreed upon, how to ensure their observance within the institution and what procedural rules to
p.000011: establish in order to deal with cases of misconduct.
p.000011:
p.000011: The text of the Estonian Code of Conduct for Research Integrity Agreement
p.000011: By signing the Estonian Code of Conduct for Research Integrity Agreement, we confirm that we respect and observe the
p.000011: following main values of research:
p.000011: freedom;
p.000011: responsibility;
p.000011: honesty and objectivity;
p.000011: respect and caring;
p.000011: justice;
p.000011: openness and cooperation.
p.000011: By joining the Estonian Code of Conduct for Research Integrity Agreement, we acknowledge the responsibility of
p.000011: individual researchers and research institutions as well as research organisations and financers of research
p.000011: concerning:
p.000011: planning of research;
p.000011: conduct of research;
p.000011: publishing and application of research results;
p.000011: identification and resolution of conflicts of interest;
p.000011: ensuring of collegiality in the workplace;
p.000011: dissemination and promotion of the principles of research integrity.
p.000011: By joining the Estonian Code of Conduct for Research Integrity Agreement, we promise to observe, disseminate, promote
p.000011: and apply the Estonian Code of Conduct for Research Integrity in our institution and to do everything in our power to
p.000011: prevent misconduct, to uncover cases of misconduct and to deal with cases of misconduct appropriately. We cooperate to
p.000011: apply the Estonian Code of Conduct for Research Integrity and to draw up the rules of procedure for dealing with cases
p.000011: of misconduct to ensure the credibility of research and as equal treatment of members of different research
p.000011: institutions as possible.
p.000011:
p.000011: Signatories:
p.000011:
p.000011: BioCC LLC
p.000011: Center of Food and Fermentation Technologies
p.000011: Competence Centre on Health Technologies
p.000011: Cybernetica AS
p.000011: Estonian Academy of Arts Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre
p.000011: Estonian Biocentre Estonian Business School
p.000011: Estonian Crop Research Institute Estonian Literary Museum Estonian National Museum Estonian Research Council
p.000011: Estonian University of Life Sciences
p.000011: Institute of the Estonian Language Ministry of Education and Research
p.000011: National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics
p.000011: National Institute for Health Development
p.000011: Software Technology and Applications Competence Center Tallinn University
p.000011: Tallinn University of Technology Tartu Observatory
p.000011: Under and Tuglas Literature Centre of the Estonian Academy of Sciences
p.000011: University of Tartu
p.000011: Signed on the 1st of November 2017 in Tallinn
p.000011:
p.000011:
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p.000011: Contents
p.000011: PREFACE 6
p.000011: VALUES 8
p.000011: PRINCIPLES OF ACTION 10
p.000011: 1. PLANNING OF RESEARCH
p.000011: 11
p.000011: 2. CONDUCT OF RESEARCH
p.000013: 13
p.000013: 3. AUTHORSHIP, PUBLISHING AND APPLICATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS 16
p.000013: 4. RESEARCHER IN THE RESEARCH COMMUNITY
p.000019: 19
p.000019: 5. OBSERVANCE, PROMOTION AND APPLICATION OF RESEARCH INTEGRITY 21
p.000019:
p.000019: PREFACE
p.000019: The aim of the Estonian Code of Conduct for Research Integrity is to support knowledge about, acceptance
p.000019: and entrenchment of research integrity in the Estonian research community. The Code of Conduct for Research Integrity
p.000019: describes the conduct expected from researchers and the responsibility of research institutions in ensuring research
p.000019: integrity, thus contributing to the increase of credibility of research in the eyes of the individual and the public.
p.000019: The Code of Conduct for Research Integrity is meant to complement the Code of Ethics of Estonian Scientists1 adopted
p.000019: in 2002. The new document is needed because the development of research has brought forth new themes and perspectives
p.000019: not reflected in the code of ethics, and added new points for consideration. The current document also places
p.000019: greater emphasis on the activities of research institutions, separately pointing out the responsibility of
p.000019: researchers and research institutions,2 which helps to emphasise that responsibility for ethical research lies with
p.000019: everyone who is active in research. Researchers alone cannot ensure research integrity. So that researchers
p.000019: could behave ethically, the necessary conditions have to be created at the level of the organisation and the
p.000019: system.3
p.000019: The Code of Conduct for Research Integrity has been created as a framework document which provides guidelines to all
p.000019: Estonian research institutions and the researchers working there. The task of the research institution is to
p.000019: elaborate detailed procedural rules which help to increase awareness in the organisation about the principles of
p.000019: research integrity, to monitor the research environment and, if necessary, to interfere and to deal with the
p.000019: cases of misconduct. To ensure as equal treatment of members of different research institutions as possible, research
p.000019: institutions cooperate closely in drafting procedural rules and regulations.
p.000019: The creation of the document of research integrity was initiated by the Estonian Research Council early in 2016 by
p.000019: forming a work group that included representatives from the Estonian Academy, the Ministry of Education and
p.000019: Research and the Estonian Research Council. The Estonian Research Council entrusted the drafting of the text to the
p.000019: Centre for Ethics at University of Tartu, which had earlier already started writing the research integrity document for
p.000019: the University of Tartu; therefore, the two initiatives were united.4
p.000019:
p.000019: 1 Code of Ethics of Estonian Scientists (2002).
p.000019: http://www.akadeemia.ee/_repository/File/ALUSDOKUD/Code-ethics.pdf (accessed 24 October 2017).
p.000019: 2 The responsibility of researchers and research institutions is differentiated in many codes of ethics regulating
p.000019: research and documents of research integrity. The models for the current document in dividing responsibility were the
p.000019: documents of Denmark and ALLEA, the European Federation of Academies of Sciences and Humanities.
p.000019: The Danish Code of Conduct for Research Integrity (2014). København: Ministry of Higher Education and Science.
p.000019: http://ufm.dk/ en/publications/2014/the-danish-code-of-conduct-for-research-integrity (accessed 24 October 2017).
p.000019: The European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity. Revised edition (2017). Berlin: ALLEA.
p.000019: https://ec.europa.eu/research/ participants/data/ref/h2020/other/hi/h2020-ethics_code-of-conduct_en.pdf (accessed 24
p.000019: October 2017).
p.000019: 3 In addition to researchers and research institutions, responsibility lies with research journals,
p.000019: financers and assessors of research, researchers’ associations and other organisations. As the current document of
p.000019: research integrity has been worked out as an agreement between research institutions, the description of activities is
p.000019: limited to researchers and research institutions.
p.000019: 4 The document was prepared by:
p.000019: The work group of the Centre for Ethics at the University of Tartu: Marten Juurik, Laura Lilles-Heinsar, Kristi Lõuk,
p.000019: Heidy Meriste, Mari-Liisa Parder, Marie Soone, Margit Sutrop, Katrin Velbaum, Liisi Veski.
p.000019: The work group of the Estonian Research Council: Martin Eessalu, Jüri Engelbrecht, Andres Koppel, Priit Kulu, Katri
p.000019: Ling, Kristi Lõuk, Toivo Maimets, Kadri Mäger, Tanel Mällo, Katrin Niglas, Eha Nurk, Margus Pärtlas, Urve Sinijärv,
p.000019: Margit Sutrop, Tarmo Uustalu.
p.000019: We are grateful for the comments to Riho Altnurme, Talis Bachmann, Jaana Eigi, Natalja Eigo, Ülle Jaakma, Sirje
p.000019: Jalakas, Ulla Kattai, Aleksei Kelli, Marco Kirm, Leene Korp, Linda Lainvoo, Margot Laneman, Tõnu Lehtla, Erika
p.000019: Löfström, Peep Nemvalts, Kalle Olli, Indrek Ots, Aive Pevkur, Mati Rahu, Argo Rosin, Siret Rutiku, Kristi Rüütel,
...
Social / gender
Searching for indicator gender:
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p.000007: research;
p.000007: is aware that his/her conduct serves as a model for the present and future generations of researchers.
p.000007: 3. Honesty and objectivity mean that the researcher
p.000007: is honest, precise and impartial in all aspects of research activities;
p.000007: does not forge or fabricate data and does not plagiarise;
p.000007: interprets both data and research results objectively, not arbitrarily;
p.000007: acknowledges his/her errors and, if necessary, reassesses his/her earlier work in the light of new research results.
p.000007: 4. Respect and caring mean that the researcher
p.000007: shows respect to his/her teachers, students, colleagues and cooperation partners and avoids causing unsubstantiated
p.000007: harm to their interests;
p.000007: respects the dignity, autonomy and privacy of persons involved in research;
p.000007: is caring to experiment animals, avoids unsubstantiated harm to them and ensures their wellbeing;
p.000007: respects life and maintains a careful attitude to the environment, biosphere and biodiversity;
p.000007: honours cultural diversity and maintains a careful attitude to the material and spiritual heritage of humankind.
p.000007: 5. Justice means that the researcher
p.000007: treats all colleagues and cooperation partners equally; while acknowledging colleagues, the researcher
p.000007: considers their actual contribution to research;
p.000007: in his/her judgements concerning research, is not influenced by the other person’s gender, age, nationality, race,
p.000007: religion, school, status or other features that are not relevant to the judgement;
p.000007: is aware of the possible conflicts of interests and gives timely notice of them;
p.000007: uses the available resources efficiently, sparingly and purposefully;
p.000007: takes care that the distribution of resources is transparent and everyone has equal opportunities to apply for them.
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p.000008: 8
p.000008:
p.000008: 6. Openness and cooperation mean that the researcher
p.000008: is open to cooperation with partners;
p.000008: takes care for the good creative work environment;
p.000008: strives for transparency in research and shares information about the aims, financing and methods of his/her
p.000008: research, and about the course of analysis.
p.000008: is open to share ideas, data and research results with others;
p.000008: assesses critically his/her own and others’ research and is open to substantiated criticism.
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p.000009: 9
p.000009:
p.000009: PRINCIPLES OF ACTION
p.000009: The principles of research integrity concentrate on what researchers or research institutions should do to follow the
...
Social / parents
Searching for indicator parent:
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p.000017: who popularise their speciality or help to solve problems of social significance.
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p.000018: 18
p.000018:
p.000018: 4. RESEARCHER IN THE RESEARCH COMMUNITY
p.000018: A conflict of interests can occur at any stage of the researcher’s work if the credibility of his/her work or decisions
p.000018: becomes questionable because of competing interests. Decisions not based on the interests of research, use of research
p.000018: resources in private interests, deliberate influencing of the objectivity of decisions, causing deliberate harm to
p.000018: competing researchers or research institutions and more favourable treatment of familiar persons are clearly
p.000018: condemnable. Being aware of potential conflicts of interests is particularly essential as this may be accompanied by
p.000018: the threat of corruption.
p.000018: The role conflict is a situation where the researcher has to simultaneously consider the conflicting requirements of
p.000018: his/her roles. In addition to being a researcher, the researcher can have other roles in academic or personal life,
p.000018: like being a supervisor, teacher, leader, administrator, expert, populariser of research, parent, spouse, or member of
p.000018: a non-governmental organisation. In these situations, it is very difficult to say which role the researcher should
p.000018: prefer to others. In such cases, it is essential to perform each role as well as possible. Role conflicts tend to grow
p.000018: into conflicts of interests; therefore, they cannot be ignored.
p.000018:
p.000018: RESPONSIBILITY OF THE RESEARCHER
p.000018: 4.1 How to react if a conflict of interests is suspected?
p.000018: 4.1.1 The researcher always reacts if a conflict of interests is suspected in his/her own or colleagues’ activities.
p.000018: 4.1.2 If a conflict of interests is suspected, the researcher avoids solving it alone and, if necessary, asks the
p.000018: colleagues or the research institution for advice how to act in such a situation.
p.000018: 4.1.3 The researcher assesses critically the impact of the conflict of interests on his/her own and the colleagues’
p.000018: decisions, taking into consideration that not all the conflicts have an inappropriate influence on decisions.
p.000018: 4.1.4 The researcher protects the confidential information that has become known to him/her during the disclosure of a
p.000018: conflict of interests.
p.000018: 4.2 How to act in the case of a conflict of interests that concerns oneself?
p.000018: 4.2.1 The researcher develops awareness of risks related to conflicts of interests and prevents them and does
p.000018: everything depending on him/her to ensure the objectivity of his/her decisions.
p.000018: 4.2.2 The researcher discloses all the conflicts of interests related to research in good time and informs colleagues
p.000018: and cooperation partners about conflicts of interests that can occur during research, at the same time
p.000018: considering the possible restrictions resulting from confidentiality.
...
Social / philosophical differences/differences of opinion
Searching for indicator opinion:
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p.000018: 4.1.3 The researcher assesses critically the impact of the conflict of interests on his/her own and the colleagues’
p.000018: decisions, taking into consideration that not all the conflicts have an inappropriate influence on decisions.
p.000018: 4.1.4 The researcher protects the confidential information that has become known to him/her during the disclosure of a
p.000018: conflict of interests.
p.000018: 4.2 How to act in the case of a conflict of interests that concerns oneself?
p.000018: 4.2.1 The researcher develops awareness of risks related to conflicts of interests and prevents them and does
p.000018: everything depending on him/her to ensure the objectivity of his/her decisions.
p.000018: 4.2.2 The researcher discloses all the conflicts of interests related to research in good time and informs colleagues
p.000018: and cooperation partners about conflicts of interests that can occur during research, at the same time
p.000018: considering the possible restrictions resulting from confidentiality.
p.000018: 4.2.3 As an author, the researcher informs the journal or the publisher about all the monetary or other interests and
p.000018: personal relations that can influence the reliability of the research to be published.
p.000018: 4.2.4 As a reviewer, the researcher informs the journal or the publisher about any circumstances that can influence the
p.000018: impartiality or reliability of his/her review. In the case of a significant conflict of interests, the researcher
p.000018: withdraws from reviewing.
p.000018: 4.2.5 As an expert, the researcher informs the institution asking for expert opinion about any competing
p.000018: or private interests that may compromise his/her independence and impartiality.
p.000018: 4.2.6 In the case of an essential conflict of interests, the researcher resigns from the position of a decision-maker,
p.000018: assessor or expert. If the researcher still continues in the role of a decision-maker or assessor, s/he has to
p.000018: substantiate his/her decision to all the parties honestly and clearly.
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p.000019: 19
p.000019:
p.000019: 4.3 How to create and keep good collegial relations?
p.000019: 4.3.1 The researcher develops awareness of his/her different roles and their requirements and addresses the
p.000019: tensions resulting from role conflicts, considering the human dignity of all the parties and the principles of research
p.000019: integrity.
p.000019: 4.3.2 As a colleague, the researcher is helpful, polite and considerate to all colleagues and avoids discriminatory and
p.000019: groundlessly different treatment of colleagues.
p.000019: 4.3.3 The researcher as a teacher and supervisor communicates with students and supervisees cooperatively;
p.000019: agrees on how and in which aspects s/he supports the supervisee, supports the supervisee’s development at
p.000019: work and acknowledges the supervisee’s progress.
p.000019: 4.3.4 The researcher regards his/her supervisor(s) and supervisee(s) respectfully, acknowledging and thanking them for
p.000019: their support to the research and personal development of the researcher.
p.000019: 4.4 How to promote critical discussion in the university and in the society?
p.000019: 4.4.1 The researcher assesses critically colleagues’ research and gives substantiated feedback to their work regardless
p.000019: of the colleagues’ academic status, research achievements or work experience.
p.000019: 4.4.2 The researcher acts as an expert only in questions where s/he can rely on scientific knowledge and his/her
p.000019: research, making a difference between personal opinion and expert assessment.
p.000019: 4.4.3 When making presentations to the public, the researcher states clearly whether s/he represents his/her personal
p.000019: views or the official views of the research institution.
p.000019:
p.000019: RESPONSIBILITY OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTION
p.000019: 4.5 How to prevent and deal with conflicts of interests?
p.000019: 4.5.1 The research institution consciously prevents conflicts of interests when electing or appointing researchers to
p.000019: their posts, allocating resources and acknowledging researchers.
p.000019: 4.5.2 In decisions regarding the institution, the research institution ensures the transparent, impartial
p.000019: and fair solution of conflicts of interests.
p.000019: 4.5.3 The research institution enables all staff members to report confidentially about conflicts of interests.
p.000019: 4.5.4 The research institution creates instructions and guidelines needed for recognising and dealing with conflicts of
p.000019: interests and provides the necessary training.
p.000019: 4.5.5 The research institution establishes common principles defining in which cases the researcher can work in his/her
p.000019: speciality outside the research institution, and for which research done outside the research institution the
p.000019: researcher can ask for remuneration.
p.000019: 4.6 How to create a good work environment?
p.000019: 4.6.1 The research institution supports open and cooperative organisational culture which supports everyone’s
p.000019: development.
p.000019: 4.6.2 The research institution provides favourable conditions to researchers for combining and balancing different
p.000019: roles and obligations.
p.000019: 4.6.3 The research institution ensures a safe work environment and equal treatment to all its staff
...
General/Other / Impaired Autonomy
Searching for indicator autonomy:
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p.000007: less important value should still be ensured.
p.000007: 1. Freedom means that the researcher
p.000007: is free to choose the research problem or hypothesis;
p.000007: is free to search for new research ideas and critically assess the existing ones;
p.000007: is free to choose the research group, research institution or sources of financing.
p.000007: 2. Responsibility means that the researcher
p.000007: is responsible for the results and consequences of the research and is aware that his/her work and decisions can
p.000007: influence other people and future generations;
p.000007: avoids harming people, society and nature, and informs the public about potential threats;
p.000007: follows all the pertinent rules in research and, in the absence of precise rules, follows the good practice of
p.000007: research;
p.000007: is aware that his/her conduct serves as a model for the present and future generations of researchers.
p.000007: 3. Honesty and objectivity mean that the researcher
p.000007: is honest, precise and impartial in all aspects of research activities;
p.000007: does not forge or fabricate data and does not plagiarise;
p.000007: interprets both data and research results objectively, not arbitrarily;
p.000007: acknowledges his/her errors and, if necessary, reassesses his/her earlier work in the light of new research results.
p.000007: 4. Respect and caring mean that the researcher
p.000007: shows respect to his/her teachers, students, colleagues and cooperation partners and avoids causing unsubstantiated
p.000007: harm to their interests;
p.000007: respects the dignity, autonomy and privacy of persons involved in research;
p.000007: is caring to experiment animals, avoids unsubstantiated harm to them and ensures their wellbeing;
p.000007: respects life and maintains a careful attitude to the environment, biosphere and biodiversity;
p.000007: honours cultural diversity and maintains a careful attitude to the material and spiritual heritage of humankind.
p.000007: 5. Justice means that the researcher
p.000007: treats all colleagues and cooperation partners equally; while acknowledging colleagues, the researcher
p.000007: considers their actual contribution to research;
p.000007: in his/her judgements concerning research, is not influenced by the other person’s gender, age, nationality, race,
p.000007: religion, school, status or other features that are not relevant to the judgement;
p.000007: is aware of the possible conflicts of interests and gives timely notice of them;
p.000007: uses the available resources efficiently, sparingly and purposefully;
p.000007: takes care that the distribution of resources is transparent and everyone has equal opportunities to apply for them.
p.000007:
p.000007:
p.000008: 8
p.000008:
p.000008: 6. Openness and cooperation mean that the researcher
p.000008: is open to cooperation with partners;
p.000008: takes care for the good creative work environment;
p.000008: strives for transparency in research and shares information about the aims, financing and methods of his/her
p.000008: research, and about the course of analysis.
...
p.000010: considering data protection regulations and ethical and legal restrictions.
p.000010:
p.000011: 11
p.000011:
p.000011: 1.3.2 The researcher weighs the potential ethical and research problems related to the method and the sample, uses
p.000011: vulnerable groups or individuals in research only in well-grounded cases and avoids questionable, outdated, misleading
p.000011: and unscientific methods.
p.000011: 1.3.3 The researcher ensures the methodological transparency of research and describes the stages of data collection
p.000011: and their analysis as exactly as possible.
p.000011: 1.3.4 The researcher assesses whether research objectives can be achieved by reuse of data or new data have to be
p.000011: collected. To use public data collections as broadly as possible and to save resources, the researcher prefers reuse of
p.000011: data if research questions make it feasible. If personalised data are reused, the researcher follows the regulations
p.000011: and restrictions of data protection.
p.000011: 1.4 What should be considered when applying for resources?
p.000011: 1.4.1 The researcher assesses the sufficiency of the existing and applied for resources for achieving the aims of
p.000011: research and avoids giving unrealistic promises to financers and the society.
p.000011: 1.4.2 The researcher informs financers about co-financing and avoids applying for double financing for the same
p.000011: activity.
p.000011: 1.4.3 The researcher is free to decide from which partners to accept financing and avoids sources of financing that
p.000011: would compromise the autonomy of the researcher or research group members or harm the impartiality of research results.
p.000011: 1.4.4 The researcher adheres to the conditions related to financing and, in the case of co-financing, informs the
p.000011: financers, colleagues and partners about the potential contradictions between different conditions.
p.000011:
p.000011: RESPONSIBILITY OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTION
p.000011: 1.5 What should be considered when planning research?
p.000011: 1.5.1 The research institution honours the researcher’s freedom to choose the aims and methods of research. If the
p.000011: research institution considers it necessary to support and direct the researcher’s activity by selecting and developing
p.000011: certain prioritary trends of research, the decision process must be involving, clear and transparent, considering the
p.000011: mission and tasks of the research institution, the need to maintain continuity and to create a flexible career model.
p.000011: 1.5.2 The research institution supports open and exploratory research, favouring the research of new themes, new
p.000011: research projects, application of different methods and initiation of new trends in research.
p.000011: 1.5.3 The research institution ensures the protection of intellectual property in its possession and, if necessary,
p.000011: supports researchers in questions related to intellectual property.
p.000011: 1.6 What should be considered to ensure transparent and fair financing?
p.000011: 1.6.1 The research institution provides open and equal access of all researchers to the information about financing.
p.000011: 1.6.2 The rules of the research institution for allocating research funding are substantiated, transparent
p.000011: and public.
p.000011: 1.6.3 The principles of selection of financing and the financer are agreed at the research institution and made public.
p.000011: 1.6.4 The research institution ensures that, if research is conducted jointly by several research groups,
p.000011: the expenses and potential benefits related to research are divided fairly between all the participants.
p.000011:
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p.000012: 12
p.000012:
p.000012: 2. CONDUCT OF RESEARCH
p.000012: In addition to collection and analysis of data, conduct of research includes the questions of safety, security and
p.000012: ensuring the wellbeing of the persons and animals involved. The rights and interests of persons involved in the
p.000012: research must also be considered.
p.000012:
p.000012: RESPONSIBILITY OF THE RESEARCHER
p.000012: 2.1 How to treat persons involved in research?
p.000012: 2.1.1 The researcher respects the free will of persons involved in research and ensures the protection of their
p.000012: autonomy, human dignity, privacy and wellbeing, avoiding harming them.
p.000012: 2.1.2 In immediate studies of people and collection of personal data from them, the researcher always asks for their
p.000012: prior informed consent and ensures that the subject’s consent is informed and voluntary. Exceptionally, asking for
p.000012: consent is allowed after the collection of data if this is necessary for achieving the aims of research, but then it
p.000012: should be considered that the collection of data would not harm the persons involved in the study, and it would have
p.000012: prior consent from the ethics committee.
p.000012: 2.1.3 The researcher informs the subjects about the research objectives, the benefits and risks, who is conducting the
p.000012: study and who is financing it, which data are collected from them, who can access the data, in what form and how long
p.000012: the data are stored, and what happens to occasional findings.
p.000012: 2.1.4 The researcher informs the subjects about their right not to participate in the study and to withdraw their
p.000012: consent and about any other circumstances that can influence the subject’s consent to participate in the study.
p.000012: 2.1.5 The researcher inconveniences the subjects and groups involved in research as little as possible.
...
Orphaned Trigger Words
Appendix
Indicator List
| Indicator | Vulnerability |
|---|
| access | Access to Social Goods |
| access to information | Access to information |
| age | Age |
| autonomy | Impaired Autonomy |
| education | education |
| gender | gender |
| home | Property Ownership |
| indigenous | Indigenous |
| influence | Drug Usage |
| language | Linguistic Proficiency |
| opinion | philosophical differences/differences of opinion |
| parent | parents |
| property | Property Ownership |
| race | Racial Minority |
| religion | Religion |
| restricted | Incarcerated |
| threat | Threat of Stigma |
| vulnerability | vulnerable |
| vulnerable | vulnerable |
Indicator Peers (Indicators in Same Vulnerability)
| Indicator | Peers |
|---|
| home | ['property'] |
| property | ['home'] |
| vulnerability | ['vulnerable'] |
| vulnerable | ['vulnerability'] |
Trigger Words
consent
cultural
developing
ethics
harm
justice
protect
protection
sensitive
Applicable Type / Vulnerability / Indicator Overlay for this Input