79C3C34C52B45572883A05D425EB0F82
22 CFR 225: Protection of Human Subjects
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CFR-2003-title22-vol1/pdf/CFR-2003-title22-vol1-part225.pdf
http://leaux.net/URLS/ConvertAPI Text Files/828E633EE2D6B9C579F2F3F6B23D662C.en.txt
Examining the file media/Synopses/828E633EE2D6B9C579F2F3F6B23D662C.html:
This file was generated: 2020-12-01 05:07:22
| Indicators in focus are typically shown highlighted in yellow; |
Peer Indicators (that share the same Vulnerability association) are shown highlighted in pink; |
"Outside" Indicators (those that do NOT share the same Vulnerability association) are shown highlighted in green; |
Trigger Words/Phrases are shown highlighted in gray. |
Link to Orphaned Trigger Words (Appendix (Indicator List, Indicator Peers, Trigger Words, Type/Vulnerability/Indicator Overlay)
Applicable Type / Vulnerability / Indicator Overlay for this Input
Political / Criminal Convictions
Searching for indicator prisoners:
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p.000962: those provided in this policy, the department or agency head may approve the substitution of the
p.000962: foreign procedures in lieu of the proce- dural requirements provided in this policy. Except when otherwise
p.000962: required by statute, Executive Order, or the de- partment or agency head, notices of these actions as
p.000962: they occur will be pub- lished in the FEDERAL REGISTER or will be otherwise published as provided in department
p.000962: or agency procedures.
p.000962: (i) Unless otherwise required by law,
p.000962: department or agency heads may waive the applicability of some or all of the provisions of this policy to
p.000962: specific re- search activities or classes of research activities otherwise covered by this policy. Except
p.000962: when otherwise required by statute or Executive Order, the de- partment or agency head shall forward advance
p.000962: notices of these actions to the Office for Protection from Research Risks, Department of Health and
p.000962: Human Services (HHS), and shall also publish them in the FEDERAL REGISTER or in such other manner as provided in
p.000962: department or agency procedures.1
p.000962: [56 FR 28012, 28020, June 18, 1991; 56 FR 29756,
p.000962: June 28, 1991]
p.000962:
p.000962: 1 Institutions with HHS-approved assur- ances on file will abide by provisions of title
p.000962: 45 CFR part 46 subparts A–D. Some of the other Departments and Agencies have incor- porated all provisions
p.000962: of title 45 CFR part 46 into their policies and procedures as well. However, the exemptions at 45 CFR
p.000962: part 46.101(b) do not apply to research involving prisoners, fetuses, pregnant women, or human in
p.000962: vitro fertilization, subparts B and
p.000962: Continued
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p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963: § 225.102
p.000963: § 225.102 Definitions.
p.000963: (a) Department or agency head means the head of any federal department or agency and any other officer
p.000963: or em- ployee of any department or agency to whom authority has been delegated.
p.000963: (b) Institution means any public or private entity or agency (including fed- eral, state, and other
p.000963: agencies).
p.000963: (c) Legally authorized representative means an individual or judicial or other body authorized under
p.000963: applicable law to consent on behalf of a prospec- tive subject to the subject’s participa- tion in the
p.000963: procedure(s) involved in the research.
p.000963: (d) Research means a systematic in- vestigation, including research devel- opment, testing and
p.000963: evaluation, de- signed to develop or contribute to gen- eralizable knowledge. Activities which meet this
p.000963: definition constitute re- search for purposes of this policy, whether or not they are conducted
p.000963: or supported under a program which is considered research for other purposes. For example, some
p.000963: demonstration and service programs may include research activities.
...
p.000965: (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 9999–0020)
p.000965: [56 FR 28012, 28020, June 18, 1991; 56 FR 29756,
p.000965: June 28, 1991]
p.000965: §§ 225.104–225.106 [Reserved]
p.000965: § 225.107 IRB membership.
p.000965: (a) Each IRB shall have at least five members, with varying backgrounds to promote complete and adequate review
p.000965: of research activities commonly con- ducted by the institution. The IRB shall be sufficiently
p.000965: qualified through the experience and expertise of its members, and the diversity of the members,
p.000965: including consideration of race, gender, and cultural backgrounds and sensitivity to such issues as com-
p.000965: munity attitudes, to promote respect for its advice and counsel in safe- guarding the rights and
p.000965: welfare of human subjects. In addition to pos- sessing the professional competence necessary to
p.000965: review specific research activities, the IRB shall be able to as- certain the acceptability of
p.000965: proposed research in terms of institutional com- mitments and regulations, applicable law, and standards of
p.000965: professional con- duct and practice. The IRB shall there- fore include persons knowledgeable in these areas. If an
p.000965: IRB regularly reviews research that involves a vulnerable category of subjects, such as children,
p.000965: prisoners, pregnant women, or handi- capped or mentally disabled persons, consideration shall be given
p.000965: to the in- clusion of one or more individuals who are knowledgeable about and experi- enced in working
p.000965: with these subjects.
p.000965: (b) Every nondiscriminatory effort will be made to ensure that no IRB consists entirely of men or
p.000965: entirely of women, including the institution’s con- sideration of qualified persons of both sexes, so long as
p.000965: no selection is made to the IRB on the basis of gender. No IRB may consist entirely of members of one
p.000965: profession.
p.000966: 966
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966: Agency for International Development § 225.110
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966: (c) Each IRB shall include at least one member whose primary concerns are in scientific areas and at
p.000966: least one member whose primary concerns are in nonscientific areas.
p.000966: (d) Each IRB shall include at least one member who is not otherwise affili- ated with the institution and
p.000966: who is not part of the immediate family of a person who is affiliated with the insti- tution.
p.000966: (e) No IRB may have a member par- ticipate in the IRB’s initial or con- tinuing review of any
...
p.000967: following require- ments are satisfied:
p.000967: (1) Risks to subjects are minimized:
p.000967: (i) By using procedures which are con- sistent with sound research design and which do not unnecessarily
p.000967: expose sub- jects to risk, and (ii) whenever appro- priate, by using procedures already being performed
p.000967: on the subjects for di- agnostic or treatment purposes.
p.000967: (2) Risks to subjects are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits, if any, to subjects, and the
p.000967: importance of the knowledge that may reasonably be expected to result. In evaluating risks and benefits,
p.000967: the IRB should consider only those risks and benefits that may result from the research (as distin-
p.000967: guished from risks and benefits of therapies subjects would receive even if not participating in the
p.000967: research). The IRB should not consider possible long- range effects of applying knowledge gained in
p.000967: the research (for example, the possible effects of the research on public policy) as among those
p.000967: research risks that fall within the purview of its responsibility.
p.000967: (3) Selection of subjects is equitable.
p.000967: In making this assessment the IRB should take into account the purposes
p.000967: 22 CFR Ch. II (4–1–03 Edition)
p.000967: of the research and the setting in which the research will be conducted and should be particularly
p.000967: cognizant of the special problems of research in- volving vulnerable populations, such as children,
p.000967: prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economi- cally or educationally disadvantaged
p.000967: persons.
p.000967: (4) Informed consent will be sought from each prospective subject or the subject’s legally authorized
p.000967: representa- tive, in accordance with, and to the ex- tent required by § 225.116.
p.000967: (5) Informed consent will be appro- priately documented, in accordance with, and to the extent
p.000967: required by
p.000967: § 225.117.
p.000967: (6) When appropriate, the research plan makes adequate provision for monitoring the data
p.000967: collected to en- sure the safety of subjects.
p.000967: (7) When appropriate, there are ade- quate provisions to protect the privacy of subjects and to maintain the
p.000967: con- fidentiality of data.
p.000967: (b) When some or all of the subjects are likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence, such
p.000967: as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally
p.000967: disadvantaged persons, additional safeguards have been in- cluded in the study to protect the
p.000967: rights and welfare of these subjects.
p.000967: § 225.112 Review by institution.
p.000967: Research covered by this policy that has been approved by an IRB may be subject to further appropriate
p.000967: review and approval or disapproval by officials of the institution. However, those offi- cials may not approve the
p.000967: research if it has not been approved by an IRB.
p.000967:
p.000967: § 225.113 Suspension or termination of IRB approval of research.
p.000967: An IRB shall have authority to sus- pend or terminate approval of research that is not being conducted in
p.000967: accord- ance with the IRB’s requirements or that has been associated with unex- pected serious harm
p.000967: to subjects. Any suspension or termination of approval shall include a statement of the rea- sons for the
p.000967: IRB’s action and shall be reported promptly to the investigator,
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p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968: Agency for International Development § 225.116
p.000968:
p.000968:
...
Political / Indigenous
Searching for indicator native:
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p.000968: understandable to the sub- ject or the representative. No informed consent, whether oral or written, may include
p.000968: any exculpatory language through which the subject or the rep- resentative is made to waive or
p.000968: appear to waive any of the subject’s legal rights, or releases or appears to release the investigator, the
p.000968: sponsor, the insti- tution or its agents from liability for negligence.
p.000968: (a) Basic elements of informed con- sent. Except as provided in paragraph
p.000968: (c) or (d) of this section, in seeking in- formed consent the following informa- tion shall be provided
p.000968: to each subject:
p.000968: (1) A statement that the study in- volves research, an explanation of the purposes of the research and
p.000968: the ex- pected duration of the subject’s partici- pation, a description of the procedures to be followed,
p.000968: and identification of any procedures which are experi- mental;
p.000968: (2) A description of any reasonably foreseeable risks or discomforts to the subject;
p.000968: (3) A description of any benefits to the subject or to others which may rea- sonably be expected from the
p.000968: research;
p.000969: 969
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969: § 225.116
p.000969: (4) A disclosure of appropriate alter- native procedures or courses of treat- ment, if any, that
p.000969: might be advan- tageous to the subject;
p.000969: (5) A statement describing the ex- tent, if any, to which confidentiality of records identifying the
p.000969: subject will be maintained;
p.000969: (6) For research involving more than minimal risk, an explanation as to whether any compensation and
p.000969: an ex- planation as to whether any medical treatments are available if injury oc- curs and, if so, what they
p.000969: consist of, or where further information may be ob- tained;
p.000969: (7) An explanation of whom to con- tact for answers to pertinent questions about the research and research
p.000969: sub- jects’ rights, and whom to contact in the event of a research-related injury to the subject; and
p.000969: (8) A statement that participation is voluntary, refusal to participate will involve no penalty or loss of
p.000969: benefits to which the subject is otherwise entitled, and the subject may discontinue par- ticipation at any time
p.000969: without penalty or loss of benefits to which the subject is otherwise entitled.
p.000969: (b) Additional elements of informed consent. When appropriate, one or more of the following
p.000969: elements of in- formation shall also be provided to each subject:
p.000969: (1) A statement that the particular treatment or procedure may involve risks to the subject (or to
...
Political / criminal
Searching for indicator criminal:
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p.000961: 225.101, 225.102, and
p.000961: §§ 225.107 through 225.117 of this policy, by an institutional review board (IRB) that operates in
p.000961: accordance with the pertinent requirements of this policy.
p.000961: (b) Unless otherwise required by de- partment or agency heads, research ac- tivities in which the only
p.000961: involvement of human subjects will be in one or more of the following categories are exempt from this
p.000961: policy:
p.000961: (1) Research conducted in established or commonly accepted educational set- tings, involving normal
p.000961: educational practices, such as (i) research on reg- ular and special education instruc- tional
p.000961: strategies, or (ii) research on the effectiveness of or the comparison among instructional techniques,
p.000961: cur- ricula, or classroom management methods.
p.000961: (2) Research involving the use of edu- cational tests (cognitive, diagnostic, aptitude, achievement), survey
p.000961: proce- dures, interview procedures or observa- tion of public behavior, unless:
p.000961: (i) Information obtained is recorded in such a manner that human subjects can be identified, directly or
p.000961: through identifiers linked to the subjects; and
p.000961: (ii) any disclosure of the human sub- jects’ responses outside the research could reasonably place the
p.000961: subjects at risk of criminal or civil liability or be damaging to the subjects’ financial standing,
p.000961: employability, or reputation.
p.000961: (3) Research involving the use of edu- cational tests (cognitive, diagnostic, aptitude, achievement), survey
p.000961: proce- dures, interview procedures, or obser- vation of public behavior that is not exempt under paragraph
p.000961: (b)(2) of this section, if:
p.000961: (i) The human subjects are elected or appointed public officials or candidates for public office; or (ii) federal
p.000961: stat- ute(s) require(s) without exception that the confidentiality of the personally identifiable information
p.000961: will be main- tained throughout the research and thereafter.
p.000961: (4) Research, involving the collection or study of existing data, documents, records, pathological specimens,
p.000961: or di- agnostic specimens, if these sources are publicly available or if the information is recorded by the
p.000961: investigator in such
p.000962: 962
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p.000962:
p.000962:
p.000962:
p.000962:
p.000962:
p.000962:
p.000962: Agency for International Development § 225.101
p.000962:
p.000962:
p.000962: a manner that subjects cannot be iden- tified, directly or through identifiers linked to the subjects.
p.000962: (5) Research and demonstration projects which are conducted by or sub- ject to the approval of
p.000962: department or agency heads, and which are designed to study, evaluate, or otherwise exam- ine:
p.000962: (i) Public benefit or service pro- grams; (ii) procedures for obtaining benefits or services
p.000962: under those pro- grams; (iii) possible changes in or al- ternatives to those programs or proce- dures;
...
Political / political affiliation
Searching for indicator party:
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p.000966: approval), or dis- approve all research activities covered by this policy.
p.000966: (b) An IRB shall require that infor- mation given to subjects as part of in- formed consent is in
p.000966: accordance with
p.000966: § 225.116. The IRB may require that in- formation, in addition to that specifi- cally mentioned in §
p.000966: 225.116, be given to the subjects when in the IRB’s judg- ment the information would meaning-
p.000966:
p.000966: fully add to the protection of the rights and welfare of subjects.
p.000966: (c) An IRB shall require documenta- tion of informed consent or may waive documentation in accordance
p.000966: with
p.000966: § 225.117.
p.000966: (d) An IRB shall notify investigators and the institution in writing of its de- cision to approve or disapprove
p.000966: the pro- posed research activity, or of modifica- tions required to secure IRB approval of the research
p.000966: activity. If the IRB de- cides to disapprove a research activity, it shall include in its written notifica-
p.000966: tion a statement of the reasons for its decision and give the investigator an opportunity to respond in
p.000966: person or in writing.
p.000966: (e) An IRB shall conduct continuing review of research covered by this pol- icy at intervals appropriate
p.000966: to the de- gree of risk, but not less than once per year, and shall have authority to ob- serve or have a third
p.000966: party observe the consent process and the research.
p.000966: (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 9999–0020)
p.000966:
p.000966: § 225.110 Expedited review procedures for certain kinds of research involv- ing no more than minimal risk, and for
p.000966: minor changes in approved re- search.
p.000966: (a) The Secretary, HHS, has estab- lished, and published as a Notice in the FEDERAL REGISTER, a list of
p.000966: categories of research that may be reviewed by the IRB through an expedited review procedure. The list will
p.000966: be amended, as appropriate after consultation with other departments and agencies, through
p.000966: periodic republication by the Secretary, HHS, in the FEDERAL REG- ISTER. A copy of the list is available
p.000966: from the Office for Protection from Re- search Risks, National Institutes of Health, HHS, Bethesda,
p.000966: Maryland 20892.
p.000966: (b) An IRB may use the expedited re-
p.000966: view procedure to review either or both of the following:
p.000966: (1) Some or all of the research ap- pearing on the list and found by the re- viewer(s) to involve no more than
p.000966: mini- mal risk,
p.000966: (2) Minor changes in previously ap- proved research during the period (of one year or less) for which
p.000966: approval is authorized.
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p.000967:
p.000967:
p.000967:
p.000967:
p.000967:
p.000967:
p.000967: § 225.111
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Political / stateless persons
Searching for indicator nation:
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p.000971: experts and consultants as the department or agen- cy head determines to be appropriate. This evaluation will
p.000971: take into consid- eration the risks to the subjects, the adequacy of protection against these risks,
p.000971: the potential benefits of the re- search to the subjects and others, and the importance of the
p.000971: knowledge gained or to be gained.
p.000971: (b) On the basis of this evaluation, the department or agency head may approve or disapprove the
p.000971: application or proposal, or enter into negotiations to develop an approvable one.
p.000971: § 225.121 [Reserved]
p.000971: § 225.122 Use of Federal funds.
p.000971: Federal funds administered by a de- partment or agency may not be ex- pended for research involving
p.000971: human subjects unless the requirements of this policy have been satisfied.
p.000971: § 225.123 Early termination of re- search support: Evaluation of appli- cations and proposals.
p.000971: (a) The department or agency head may require that department or agency support for any project be terminated
p.000971: or suspended in the manner prescribed in applicable program requirements, when the department or agency
p.000971: head finds an institution has materially failed to comply with the terms of this policy.
p.000971: (b) In making decisions about sup- porting or approving applications or proposals covered by this policy
p.000971: the de- partment or agency head may take into account, in addition to all other eligibility
p.000971: requirements and program criteria, factors such as whether the applicant has been subject to a termi-
p.000971: nation or suspension under paragarph
p.000971: (a) of this section and whether the ap- plicant or the person or persons who would direct or has have
p.000971: directed the
p.000971: 22 CFR Ch. II (4–1–03 Edition)
p.000971: scientific and technical aspects of an activity has have, in the judgment of the department or agency
p.000971: head, mate- rially failed to discharge responsibility for the protection of the rights and welfare of
p.000971: human subjects (whether or not the research was subject to federal regulation).
p.000971: § 225.124 Conditions.
p.000971: With respect to any research project or any class of research projects the de- partment or agency head may
p.000971: impose additional conditions prior to or at the time of approval when in the judgment of the department or agency head
p.000971: addi- tional conditions are necessary for the protection of human subjects.
p.000971:
p.000971: PART 226—ADMINISTRATION OF ASSISTANCE AWARDS TO U.S. NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANI- ZATIONS
p.000971: Subpart A—General
p.000971: Sec.
p.000971: 226.1 Purpose and applicability.
p.000971: 226.2 Definitions.
p.000971: 226.3 Effect on other issuances.
p.000971: 226.4 Deviations.
p.000971: 226.5 Subawards.
p.000971: Subpart B—Pre-award Requirements
p.000971: 226.10 Purpose.
p.000971: 226.11 Pre-award policies.
p.000971: 226.12 Forms for applying for Federal assist- ance.
p.000971: 226.13 Debarment and suspension.
p.000971: 226.14 Special award conditions.
p.000971: 226.15 Metric system of measurement.
p.000971: 226.16 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
p.000971: 226.17 Certifications and representations.
...
Political / vulnerable
Searching for indicator vulnerable:
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p.000965: certification is not sub- mitted within these time limits, the application or proposal may be re- turned
p.000965: to the institution.
p.000965: (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 9999–0020)
p.000965: [56 FR 28012, 28020, June 18, 1991; 56 FR 29756,
p.000965: June 28, 1991]
p.000965: §§ 225.104–225.106 [Reserved]
p.000965: § 225.107 IRB membership.
p.000965: (a) Each IRB shall have at least five members, with varying backgrounds to promote complete and adequate review
p.000965: of research activities commonly con- ducted by the institution. The IRB shall be sufficiently
p.000965: qualified through the experience and expertise of its members, and the diversity of the members,
p.000965: including consideration of race, gender, and cultural backgrounds and sensitivity to such issues as com-
p.000965: munity attitudes, to promote respect for its advice and counsel in safe- guarding the rights and
p.000965: welfare of human subjects. In addition to pos- sessing the professional competence necessary to
p.000965: review specific research activities, the IRB shall be able to as- certain the acceptability of
p.000965: proposed research in terms of institutional com- mitments and regulations, applicable law, and standards of
p.000965: professional con- duct and practice. The IRB shall there- fore include persons knowledgeable in these areas. If an
p.000965: IRB regularly reviews research that involves a vulnerable category of subjects, such as children,
p.000965: prisoners, pregnant women, or handi- capped or mentally disabled persons, consideration shall be given
p.000965: to the in- clusion of one or more individuals who are knowledgeable about and experi- enced in working
p.000965: with these subjects.
p.000965: (b) Every nondiscriminatory effort will be made to ensure that no IRB consists entirely of men or
p.000965: entirely of women, including the institution’s con- sideration of qualified persons of both sexes, so long as
p.000965: no selection is made to the IRB on the basis of gender. No IRB may consist entirely of members of one
p.000965: profession.
p.000966: 966
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966: Agency for International Development § 225.110
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966: (c) Each IRB shall include at least one member whose primary concerns are in scientific areas and at
p.000966: least one member whose primary concerns are in nonscientific areas.
p.000966: (d) Each IRB shall include at least one member who is not otherwise affili- ated with the institution and
p.000966: who is not part of the immediate family of a person who is affiliated with the insti- tution.
...
p.000967: (a) In order to approve research cov- ered by this policy the IRB shall deter- mine that all of the
p.000967: following require- ments are satisfied:
p.000967: (1) Risks to subjects are minimized:
p.000967: (i) By using procedures which are con- sistent with sound research design and which do not unnecessarily
p.000967: expose sub- jects to risk, and (ii) whenever appro- priate, by using procedures already being performed
p.000967: on the subjects for di- agnostic or treatment purposes.
p.000967: (2) Risks to subjects are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits, if any, to subjects, and the
p.000967: importance of the knowledge that may reasonably be expected to result. In evaluating risks and benefits,
p.000967: the IRB should consider only those risks and benefits that may result from the research (as distin-
p.000967: guished from risks and benefits of therapies subjects would receive even if not participating in the
p.000967: research). The IRB should not consider possible long- range effects of applying knowledge gained in
p.000967: the research (for example, the possible effects of the research on public policy) as among those
p.000967: research risks that fall within the purview of its responsibility.
p.000967: (3) Selection of subjects is equitable.
p.000967: In making this assessment the IRB should take into account the purposes
p.000967: 22 CFR Ch. II (4–1–03 Edition)
p.000967: of the research and the setting in which the research will be conducted and should be particularly
p.000967: cognizant of the special problems of research in- volving vulnerable populations, such as children,
p.000967: prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economi- cally or educationally disadvantaged
p.000967: persons.
p.000967: (4) Informed consent will be sought from each prospective subject or the subject’s legally authorized
p.000967: representa- tive, in accordance with, and to the ex- tent required by § 225.116.
p.000967: (5) Informed consent will be appro- priately documented, in accordance with, and to the extent
p.000967: required by
p.000967: § 225.117.
p.000967: (6) When appropriate, the research plan makes adequate provision for monitoring the data
p.000967: collected to en- sure the safety of subjects.
p.000967: (7) When appropriate, there are ade- quate provisions to protect the privacy of subjects and to maintain the
p.000967: con- fidentiality of data.
p.000967: (b) When some or all of the subjects are likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence, such
p.000967: as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally
p.000967: disadvantaged persons, additional safeguards have been in- cluded in the study to protect the
p.000967: rights and welfare of these subjects.
p.000967: § 225.112 Review by institution.
p.000967: Research covered by this policy that has been approved by an IRB may be subject to further appropriate
p.000967: review and approval or disapproval by officials of the institution. However, those offi- cials may not approve the
p.000967: research if it has not been approved by an IRB.
p.000967:
p.000967: § 225.113 Suspension or termination of IRB approval of research.
p.000967: An IRB shall have authority to sus- pend or terminate approval of research that is not being conducted in
p.000967: accord- ance with the IRB’s requirements or that has been associated with unex- pected serious harm
p.000967: to subjects. Any suspension or termination of approval shall include a statement of the rea- sons for the
p.000967: IRB’s action and shall be reported promptly to the investigator,
p.000968: 968
...
Health / Cognitive Impairment
Searching for indicator cognitive:
(return to top)
p.000961: research con- ducted, supported, or otherwise subject to regulation by the federal govern- ment outside the
p.000961: United States.
p.000961: (1) Research that is conducted or sup-
p.000961: ported by a federal department or agency, whether or not it is regulated as defined in § 225.102(e),
p.000961: must comply with all sections of this policy.
p.000961: (2) Research that is neither con- ducted nor supported by a federal de- partment or agency but is
p.000961: subject to
p.000961: 22 CFR Ch. II (4–1–03 Edition)
p.000961: regulation as defined in § 225.102(e) must be reviewed and approved, in compliance with §§
p.000961: 225.101, 225.102, and
p.000961: §§ 225.107 through 225.117 of this policy, by an institutional review board (IRB) that operates in
p.000961: accordance with the pertinent requirements of this policy.
p.000961: (b) Unless otherwise required by de- partment or agency heads, research ac- tivities in which the only
p.000961: involvement of human subjects will be in one or more of the following categories are exempt from this
p.000961: policy:
p.000961: (1) Research conducted in established or commonly accepted educational set- tings, involving normal
p.000961: educational practices, such as (i) research on reg- ular and special education instruc- tional
p.000961: strategies, or (ii) research on the effectiveness of or the comparison among instructional techniques,
p.000961: cur- ricula, or classroom management methods.
p.000961: (2) Research involving the use of edu- cational tests (cognitive, diagnostic, aptitude, achievement), survey
p.000961: proce- dures, interview procedures or observa- tion of public behavior, unless:
p.000961: (i) Information obtained is recorded in such a manner that human subjects can be identified, directly or
p.000961: through identifiers linked to the subjects; and
p.000961: (ii) any disclosure of the human sub- jects’ responses outside the research could reasonably place the
p.000961: subjects at risk of criminal or civil liability or be damaging to the subjects’ financial standing,
p.000961: employability, or reputation.
p.000961: (3) Research involving the use of edu- cational tests (cognitive, diagnostic, aptitude, achievement), survey
p.000961: proce- dures, interview procedures, or obser- vation of public behavior that is not exempt under paragraph
p.000961: (b)(2) of this section, if:
p.000961: (i) The human subjects are elected or appointed public officials or candidates for public office; or (ii) federal
p.000961: stat- ute(s) require(s) without exception that the confidentiality of the personally identifiable information
p.000961: will be main- tained throughout the research and thereafter.
p.000961: (4) Research, involving the collection or study of existing data, documents, records, pathological specimens,
p.000961: or di- agnostic specimens, if these sources are publicly available or if the information is recorded by the
p.000961: investigator in such
p.000962: 962
p.000962:
p.000962:
p.000962:
p.000962:
p.000962:
p.000962:
p.000962:
p.000962: Agency for International Development § 225.101
p.000962:
p.000962:
p.000962: a manner that subjects cannot be iden- tified, directly or through identifiers linked to the subjects.
p.000962: (5) Research and demonstration projects which are conducted by or sub- ject to the approval of
p.000962: department or agency heads, and which are designed to study, evaluate, or otherwise exam- ine:
p.000962: (i) Public benefit or service pro- grams; (ii) procedures for obtaining benefits or services
p.000962: under those pro- grams; (iii) possible changes in or al- ternatives to those programs or proce- dures;
p.000962: or (iv) possible changes in meth- ods or levels of payment for benefits or services under those programs.
p.000962: (6) Taste and food quality evaluation and consumer acceptance studies, (i) if wholesome foods without
...
Health / Drug Usage
Searching for indicator drug:
(return to top)
p.000961: stat- ute(s) require(s) without exception that the confidentiality of the personally identifiable information
p.000961: will be main- tained throughout the research and thereafter.
p.000961: (4) Research, involving the collection or study of existing data, documents, records, pathological specimens,
p.000961: or di- agnostic specimens, if these sources are publicly available or if the information is recorded by the
p.000961: investigator in such
p.000962: 962
p.000962:
p.000962:
p.000962:
p.000962:
p.000962:
p.000962:
p.000962:
p.000962: Agency for International Development § 225.101
p.000962:
p.000962:
p.000962: a manner that subjects cannot be iden- tified, directly or through identifiers linked to the subjects.
p.000962: (5) Research and demonstration projects which are conducted by or sub- ject to the approval of
p.000962: department or agency heads, and which are designed to study, evaluate, or otherwise exam- ine:
p.000962: (i) Public benefit or service pro- grams; (ii) procedures for obtaining benefits or services
p.000962: under those pro- grams; (iii) possible changes in or al- ternatives to those programs or proce- dures;
p.000962: or (iv) possible changes in meth- ods or levels of payment for benefits or services under those programs.
p.000962: (6) Taste and food quality evaluation and consumer acceptance studies, (i) if wholesome foods without
p.000962: additives are consumed or (ii) if a food is consumed that contains a food ingredient at or below the
p.000962: level and for a use found to be safe, or agricultural chemical or en- vironmental contaminant at or below the
p.000962: level found to be safe, by the Food and Drug Administration or approved by the Environmental
p.000962: Protection Agency or the Food Safety and Inspec- tion Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
p.000962: (c) Department or agency heads re- tain final judgment as to whether a particular activity is
p.000962: covered by this policy.
p.000962: (d) Department or agency heads may require that specific research activities or classes of research
p.000962: activities con- ducted, supported, or otherwise subject to regulation by the department or agency but not
p.000962: otherwise covered by this policy, comply with some or all of the requirements of this policy.
p.000962: (e) Compliance with this policy re- quires compliance with pertinent fed- eral laws or regulations which
p.000962: provide additional protections for human sub- jects.
p.000962: (f) This policy does not affect any state or local laws or regulations which may otherwise be applicable and
p.000962: which provide additional protections for human subjects.
p.000962: (g) This policy does not affect any foreign laws or regulations which may otherwise be applicable and
p.000962: which pro- vide additional protections to human subjects of research.
p.000962:
p.000962: (h) When research covered by this policy takes place in foreign countries, procedures normally followed
p.000962: in the foreign countries to protect human subjects may differ from those set forth in this
p.000962: policy. [An example is a foreign institution which complies with guidelines consistent with the
...
p.000963: 963
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963: § 225.102
p.000963: § 225.102 Definitions.
p.000963: (a) Department or agency head means the head of any federal department or agency and any other officer
p.000963: or em- ployee of any department or agency to whom authority has been delegated.
p.000963: (b) Institution means any public or private entity or agency (including fed- eral, state, and other
p.000963: agencies).
p.000963: (c) Legally authorized representative means an individual or judicial or other body authorized under
p.000963: applicable law to consent on behalf of a prospec- tive subject to the subject’s participa- tion in the
p.000963: procedure(s) involved in the research.
p.000963: (d) Research means a systematic in- vestigation, including research devel- opment, testing and
p.000963: evaluation, de- signed to develop or contribute to gen- eralizable knowledge. Activities which meet this
p.000963: definition constitute re- search for purposes of this policy, whether or not they are conducted
p.000963: or supported under a program which is considered research for other purposes. For example, some
p.000963: demonstration and service programs may include research activities.
p.000963: (e) Research subject to regulation, and similar terms are intended to encom- pass those research activities
p.000963: for which a federal department or agency has specific responsibility for regulating as a research activity,
p.000963: (for example, In- vestigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Ad- ministration). It
p.000963: does not include re- search activities which are inciden- tally regulated by a federal department or
p.000963: agency solely as part of the depart- ment’s or agency’s broader responsi- bility to regulate certain
p.000963: types of ac- tivities whether research or non-re- search in nature (for example, Wage and Hour
p.000963: requirements administered by the Department of Labor).
p.000963: (f) Human subject means a living indi- vidual about whom an investigator
p.000963:
p.000963: C. The exemption at 45 CFR part 46.101(b)(2), for research involving survey or interview procedures or observation
p.000963: of public behavior, does not apply to research with children, subpart D, except for research involving
p.000963: ob- servations of public behavior when the inves- tigator(s) do not participate in the activities being observed.
p.000963: 22 CFR Ch. II (4–1–03 Edition)
p.000963: (whether professional or student) con- ducting research obtains—
p.000963: (1) data through intervention or interaction with the individual, or
p.000963: (2) identifiable private information.
p.000963: Intervention includes both physical pro- cedures by which data are gathered (for example, venipuncture) and
p.000963: manipula- tions of the subject or the subject’s en- vironment that are performed for re- search purposes.
p.000963: Interaction includes communication or interpersonal con- tact between investigator and subject. ‘‘Private
p.000963: information’’ includes infor- mation about behavior that occurs in a context in which an individual can rea- sonably
...
Searching for indicator influence:
(return to top)
p.000967: cognizant of the special problems of research in- volving vulnerable populations, such as children,
p.000967: prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economi- cally or educationally disadvantaged
p.000967: persons.
p.000967: (4) Informed consent will be sought from each prospective subject or the subject’s legally authorized
p.000967: representa- tive, in accordance with, and to the ex- tent required by § 225.116.
p.000967: (5) Informed consent will be appro- priately documented, in accordance with, and to the extent
p.000967: required by
p.000967: § 225.117.
p.000967: (6) When appropriate, the research plan makes adequate provision for monitoring the data
p.000967: collected to en- sure the safety of subjects.
p.000967: (7) When appropriate, there are ade- quate provisions to protect the privacy of subjects and to maintain the
p.000967: con- fidentiality of data.
p.000967: (b) When some or all of the subjects are likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence, such
p.000967: as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally
p.000967: disadvantaged persons, additional safeguards have been in- cluded in the study to protect the
p.000967: rights and welfare of these subjects.
p.000967: § 225.112 Review by institution.
p.000967: Research covered by this policy that has been approved by an IRB may be subject to further appropriate
p.000967: review and approval or disapproval by officials of the institution. However, those offi- cials may not approve the
p.000967: research if it has not been approved by an IRB.
p.000967:
p.000967: § 225.113 Suspension or termination of IRB approval of research.
p.000967: An IRB shall have authority to sus- pend or terminate approval of research that is not being conducted in
p.000967: accord- ance with the IRB’s requirements or that has been associated with unex- pected serious harm
p.000967: to subjects. Any suspension or termination of approval shall include a statement of the rea- sons for the
p.000967: IRB’s action and shall be reported promptly to the investigator,
p.000968: 968
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
...
p.000968: (6) Written procedures for the IRB in the same detail as described in
p.000968: § 225.103(b)(4) and § 225.103(b)(5).
p.000968: (7) Statements of significant new findings provided to subjects, as re- quired by § 225.116(b)(5).
p.000968: (b) The records required by this pol- icy shall be retained for at least 3 years, and records
p.000968: relating to research
p.000968:
p.000968: which is conducted shall be retained for at least 3 years after completion of the research. All records
p.000968: shall be acces- sible for inspection and copying by au- thorized representatives of the depart- ment or
p.000968: agency at reasonable times and in a reasonable manner.
p.000968: (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 9999–0020)
p.000968:
p.000968: § 225.116 General requirements for in- formed consent.
p.000968: Except as provided elsewhere in this policy, no investigator may involve a human being as a subject in
p.000968: research covered by this policy unless the inves- tigator has obtained the legally effec- tive informed consent of
p.000968: the subject or the subject’s legally authorized rep- resentative. An investigator shall seek such consent
p.000968: only under circumstances that provide the prospective subject or the representative sufficient oppor-
p.000968: tunity to consider whether or not to participate and that minimize the pos- sibility of coercion or
p.000968: undue influence. The information that is given to the subject or the representative shall be in language
p.000968: understandable to the sub- ject or the representative. No informed consent, whether oral or written, may include
p.000968: any exculpatory language through which the subject or the rep- resentative is made to waive or
p.000968: appear to waive any of the subject’s legal rights, or releases or appears to release the investigator, the
p.000968: sponsor, the insti- tution or its agents from liability for negligence.
p.000968: (a) Basic elements of informed con- sent. Except as provided in paragraph
p.000968: (c) or (d) of this section, in seeking in- formed consent the following informa- tion shall be provided
p.000968: to each subject:
p.000968: (1) A statement that the study in- volves research, an explanation of the purposes of the research and
p.000968: the ex- pected duration of the subject’s partici- pation, a description of the procedures to be followed,
p.000968: and identification of any procedures which are experi- mental;
p.000968: (2) A description of any reasonably foreseeable risks or discomforts to the subject;
p.000968: (3) A description of any benefits to the subject or to others which may rea- sonably be expected from the
p.000968: research;
p.000969: 969
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969: § 225.116
p.000969: (4) A disclosure of appropriate alter- native procedures or courses of treat- ment, if any, that
...
Health / Mentally Disabled
Searching for indicator disabled:
(return to top)
p.000965: of research activities commonly con- ducted by the institution. The IRB shall be sufficiently
p.000965: qualified through the experience and expertise of its members, and the diversity of the members,
p.000965: including consideration of race, gender, and cultural backgrounds and sensitivity to such issues as com-
p.000965: munity attitudes, to promote respect for its advice and counsel in safe- guarding the rights and
p.000965: welfare of human subjects. In addition to pos- sessing the professional competence necessary to
p.000965: review specific research activities, the IRB shall be able to as- certain the acceptability of
p.000965: proposed research in terms of institutional com- mitments and regulations, applicable law, and standards of
p.000965: professional con- duct and practice. The IRB shall there- fore include persons knowledgeable in these areas. If an
p.000965: IRB regularly reviews research that involves a vulnerable category of subjects, such as children,
p.000965: prisoners, pregnant women, or handi- capped or mentally disabled persons, consideration shall be given
p.000965: to the in- clusion of one or more individuals who are knowledgeable about and experi- enced in working
p.000965: with these subjects.
p.000965: (b) Every nondiscriminatory effort will be made to ensure that no IRB consists entirely of men or
p.000965: entirely of women, including the institution’s con- sideration of qualified persons of both sexes, so long as
p.000965: no selection is made to the IRB on the basis of gender. No IRB may consist entirely of members of one
p.000965: profession.
p.000966: 966
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966: Agency for International Development § 225.110
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966: (c) Each IRB shall include at least one member whose primary concerns are in scientific areas and at
p.000966: least one member whose primary concerns are in nonscientific areas.
p.000966: (d) Each IRB shall include at least one member who is not otherwise affili- ated with the institution and
p.000966: who is not part of the immediate family of a person who is affiliated with the insti- tution.
p.000966: (e) No IRB may have a member par- ticipate in the IRB’s initial or con- tinuing review of any
p.000966: project in which the member has a conflicting interest, except to provide information re- quested by
p.000966: the IRB.
p.000966: (f) An IRB may, in its discretion, in- vite individuals with competence in special areas to assist
...
p.000967: on the subjects for di- agnostic or treatment purposes.
p.000967: (2) Risks to subjects are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits, if any, to subjects, and the
p.000967: importance of the knowledge that may reasonably be expected to result. In evaluating risks and benefits,
p.000967: the IRB should consider only those risks and benefits that may result from the research (as distin-
p.000967: guished from risks and benefits of therapies subjects would receive even if not participating in the
p.000967: research). The IRB should not consider possible long- range effects of applying knowledge gained in
p.000967: the research (for example, the possible effects of the research on public policy) as among those
p.000967: research risks that fall within the purview of its responsibility.
p.000967: (3) Selection of subjects is equitable.
p.000967: In making this assessment the IRB should take into account the purposes
p.000967: 22 CFR Ch. II (4–1–03 Edition)
p.000967: of the research and the setting in which the research will be conducted and should be particularly
p.000967: cognizant of the special problems of research in- volving vulnerable populations, such as children,
p.000967: prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economi- cally or educationally disadvantaged
p.000967: persons.
p.000967: (4) Informed consent will be sought from each prospective subject or the subject’s legally authorized
p.000967: representa- tive, in accordance with, and to the ex- tent required by § 225.116.
p.000967: (5) Informed consent will be appro- priately documented, in accordance with, and to the extent
p.000967: required by
p.000967: § 225.117.
p.000967: (6) When appropriate, the research plan makes adequate provision for monitoring the data
p.000967: collected to en- sure the safety of subjects.
p.000967: (7) When appropriate, there are ade- quate provisions to protect the privacy of subjects and to maintain the
p.000967: con- fidentiality of data.
p.000967: (b) When some or all of the subjects are likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence, such
p.000967: as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally
p.000967: disadvantaged persons, additional safeguards have been in- cluded in the study to protect the
p.000967: rights and welfare of these subjects.
p.000967: § 225.112 Review by institution.
p.000967: Research covered by this policy that has been approved by an IRB may be subject to further appropriate
p.000967: review and approval or disapproval by officials of the institution. However, those offi- cials may not approve the
p.000967: research if it has not been approved by an IRB.
p.000967:
p.000967: § 225.113 Suspension or termination of IRB approval of research.
p.000967: An IRB shall have authority to sus- pend or terminate approval of research that is not being conducted in
p.000967: accord- ance with the IRB’s requirements or that has been associated with unex- pected serious harm
p.000967: to subjects. Any suspension or termination of approval shall include a statement of the rea- sons for the
p.000967: IRB’s action and shall be reported promptly to the investigator,
p.000968: 968
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968: Agency for International Development § 225.116
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968: appropriate institutional officials, and the department or agency head.
p.000968: (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 9999–0020)
p.000968: § 225.114 Cooperative research.
...
Searching for indicator mentally:
(return to top)
p.000965: § 225.107 IRB membership.
p.000965: (a) Each IRB shall have at least five members, with varying backgrounds to promote complete and adequate review
p.000965: of research activities commonly con- ducted by the institution. The IRB shall be sufficiently
p.000965: qualified through the experience and expertise of its members, and the diversity of the members,
p.000965: including consideration of race, gender, and cultural backgrounds and sensitivity to such issues as com-
p.000965: munity attitudes, to promote respect for its advice and counsel in safe- guarding the rights and
p.000965: welfare of human subjects. In addition to pos- sessing the professional competence necessary to
p.000965: review specific research activities, the IRB shall be able to as- certain the acceptability of
p.000965: proposed research in terms of institutional com- mitments and regulations, applicable law, and standards of
p.000965: professional con- duct and practice. The IRB shall there- fore include persons knowledgeable in these areas. If an
p.000965: IRB regularly reviews research that involves a vulnerable category of subjects, such as children,
p.000965: prisoners, pregnant women, or handi- capped or mentally disabled persons, consideration shall be given
p.000965: to the in- clusion of one or more individuals who are knowledgeable about and experi- enced in working
p.000965: with these subjects.
p.000965: (b) Every nondiscriminatory effort will be made to ensure that no IRB consists entirely of men or
p.000965: entirely of women, including the institution’s con- sideration of qualified persons of both sexes, so long as
p.000965: no selection is made to the IRB on the basis of gender. No IRB may consist entirely of members of one
p.000965: profession.
p.000966: 966
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966: Agency for International Development § 225.110
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966: (c) Each IRB shall include at least one member whose primary concerns are in scientific areas and at
p.000966: least one member whose primary concerns are in nonscientific areas.
p.000966: (d) Each IRB shall include at least one member who is not otherwise affili- ated with the institution and
p.000966: who is not part of the immediate family of a person who is affiliated with the insti- tution.
p.000966: (e) No IRB may have a member par- ticipate in the IRB’s initial or con- tinuing review of any
p.000966: project in which the member has a conflicting interest, except to provide information re- quested by
p.000966: the IRB.
...
p.000967: expose sub- jects to risk, and (ii) whenever appro- priate, by using procedures already being performed
p.000967: on the subjects for di- agnostic or treatment purposes.
p.000967: (2) Risks to subjects are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits, if any, to subjects, and the
p.000967: importance of the knowledge that may reasonably be expected to result. In evaluating risks and benefits,
p.000967: the IRB should consider only those risks and benefits that may result from the research (as distin-
p.000967: guished from risks and benefits of therapies subjects would receive even if not participating in the
p.000967: research). The IRB should not consider possible long- range effects of applying knowledge gained in
p.000967: the research (for example, the possible effects of the research on public policy) as among those
p.000967: research risks that fall within the purview of its responsibility.
p.000967: (3) Selection of subjects is equitable.
p.000967: In making this assessment the IRB should take into account the purposes
p.000967: 22 CFR Ch. II (4–1–03 Edition)
p.000967: of the research and the setting in which the research will be conducted and should be particularly
p.000967: cognizant of the special problems of research in- volving vulnerable populations, such as children,
p.000967: prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economi- cally or educationally disadvantaged
p.000967: persons.
p.000967: (4) Informed consent will be sought from each prospective subject or the subject’s legally authorized
p.000967: representa- tive, in accordance with, and to the ex- tent required by § 225.116.
p.000967: (5) Informed consent will be appro- priately documented, in accordance with, and to the extent
p.000967: required by
p.000967: § 225.117.
p.000967: (6) When appropriate, the research plan makes adequate provision for monitoring the data
p.000967: collected to en- sure the safety of subjects.
p.000967: (7) When appropriate, there are ade- quate provisions to protect the privacy of subjects and to maintain the
p.000967: con- fidentiality of data.
p.000967: (b) When some or all of the subjects are likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence, such
p.000967: as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally
p.000967: disadvantaged persons, additional safeguards have been in- cluded in the study to protect the
p.000967: rights and welfare of these subjects.
p.000967: § 225.112 Review by institution.
p.000967: Research covered by this policy that has been approved by an IRB may be subject to further appropriate
p.000967: review and approval or disapproval by officials of the institution. However, those offi- cials may not approve the
p.000967: research if it has not been approved by an IRB.
p.000967:
p.000967: § 225.113 Suspension or termination of IRB approval of research.
p.000967: An IRB shall have authority to sus- pend or terminate approval of research that is not being conducted in
p.000967: accord- ance with the IRB’s requirements or that has been associated with unex- pected serious harm
p.000967: to subjects. Any suspension or termination of approval shall include a statement of the rea- sons for the
p.000967: IRB’s action and shall be reported promptly to the investigator,
p.000968: 968
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968: Agency for International Development § 225.116
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968: appropriate institutional officials, and the department or agency head.
p.000968: (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 9999–0020)
p.000968: § 225.114 Cooperative research.
...
Health / Motherhood/Family
Searching for indicator family:
(return to top)
p.000965: prisoners, pregnant women, or handi- capped or mentally disabled persons, consideration shall be given
p.000965: to the in- clusion of one or more individuals who are knowledgeable about and experi- enced in working
p.000965: with these subjects.
p.000965: (b) Every nondiscriminatory effort will be made to ensure that no IRB consists entirely of men or
p.000965: entirely of women, including the institution’s con- sideration of qualified persons of both sexes, so long as
p.000965: no selection is made to the IRB on the basis of gender. No IRB may consist entirely of members of one
p.000965: profession.
p.000966: 966
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966: Agency for International Development § 225.110
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966: (c) Each IRB shall include at least one member whose primary concerns are in scientific areas and at
p.000966: least one member whose primary concerns are in nonscientific areas.
p.000966: (d) Each IRB shall include at least one member who is not otherwise affili- ated with the institution and
p.000966: who is not part of the immediate family of a person who is affiliated with the insti- tution.
p.000966: (e) No IRB may have a member par- ticipate in the IRB’s initial or con- tinuing review of any
p.000966: project in which the member has a conflicting interest, except to provide information re- quested by
p.000966: the IRB.
p.000966: (f) An IRB may, in its discretion, in- vite individuals with competence in special areas to assist
p.000966: in the review of issues which require expertise beyond or in addition to that available on the IRB.
p.000966: These individuals may not vote with the IRB.
p.000966: § 225.108 IRB functions and oper- ations.
p.000966: In order to fulfill the requirements of this policy each IRB shall:
p.000966: (a) Follow written procedures in the same detail as described in
p.000966: § 225.103(b)(4) and, to the extent re- quired by, § 225.103(b)(5).
p.000966: (b) Except when an expedited review procedure is used (see § 225.110), review proposed research at
p.000966: convened meet- ings at which a majority of the mem- bers of the IRB are present, including at least
p.000966: one member whose primary concerns are in nonscientific areas. In order for the research to be
p.000966: approved, it shall receive the approval of a ma- jority of those members present at the meeting.
p.000966: § 225.109 IRB Review of Research.
p.000966: (a) An IRB shall review and have au- thority to approve, require modifica- tions in (to secure
p.000966: approval), or dis- approve all research activities covered by this policy.
p.000966: (b) An IRB shall require that infor- mation given to subjects as part of in- formed consent is in
p.000966: accordance with
...
Health / Pregnant
Searching for indicator pregnant:
(return to top)
p.000962: foreign procedures in lieu of the proce- dural requirements provided in this policy. Except when otherwise
p.000962: required by statute, Executive Order, or the de- partment or agency head, notices of these actions as
p.000962: they occur will be pub- lished in the FEDERAL REGISTER or will be otherwise published as provided in department
p.000962: or agency procedures.
p.000962: (i) Unless otherwise required by law,
p.000962: department or agency heads may waive the applicability of some or all of the provisions of this policy to
p.000962: specific re- search activities or classes of research activities otherwise covered by this policy. Except
p.000962: when otherwise required by statute or Executive Order, the de- partment or agency head shall forward advance
p.000962: notices of these actions to the Office for Protection from Research Risks, Department of Health and
p.000962: Human Services (HHS), and shall also publish them in the FEDERAL REGISTER or in such other manner as provided in
p.000962: department or agency procedures.1
p.000962: [56 FR 28012, 28020, June 18, 1991; 56 FR 29756,
p.000962: June 28, 1991]
p.000962:
p.000962: 1 Institutions with HHS-approved assur- ances on file will abide by provisions of title
p.000962: 45 CFR part 46 subparts A–D. Some of the other Departments and Agencies have incor- porated all provisions
p.000962: of title 45 CFR part 46 into their policies and procedures as well. However, the exemptions at 45 CFR
p.000962: part 46.101(b) do not apply to research involving prisoners, fetuses, pregnant women, or human in
p.000962: vitro fertilization, subparts B and
p.000962: Continued
p.000963: 963
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963: § 225.102
p.000963: § 225.102 Definitions.
p.000963: (a) Department or agency head means the head of any federal department or agency and any other officer
p.000963: or em- ployee of any department or agency to whom authority has been delegated.
p.000963: (b) Institution means any public or private entity or agency (including fed- eral, state, and other
p.000963: agencies).
p.000963: (c) Legally authorized representative means an individual or judicial or other body authorized under
p.000963: applicable law to consent on behalf of a prospec- tive subject to the subject’s participa- tion in the
p.000963: procedure(s) involved in the research.
p.000963: (d) Research means a systematic in- vestigation, including research devel- opment, testing and
p.000963: evaluation, de- signed to develop or contribute to gen- eralizable knowledge. Activities which meet this
p.000963: definition constitute re- search for purposes of this policy, whether or not they are conducted
p.000963: or supported under a program which is considered research for other purposes. For example, some
p.000963: demonstration and service programs may include research activities.
p.000963: (e) Research subject to regulation, and similar terms are intended to encom- pass those research activities
...
p.000965: [56 FR 28012, 28020, June 18, 1991; 56 FR 29756,
p.000965: June 28, 1991]
p.000965: §§ 225.104–225.106 [Reserved]
p.000965: § 225.107 IRB membership.
p.000965: (a) Each IRB shall have at least five members, with varying backgrounds to promote complete and adequate review
p.000965: of research activities commonly con- ducted by the institution. The IRB shall be sufficiently
p.000965: qualified through the experience and expertise of its members, and the diversity of the members,
p.000965: including consideration of race, gender, and cultural backgrounds and sensitivity to such issues as com-
p.000965: munity attitudes, to promote respect for its advice and counsel in safe- guarding the rights and
p.000965: welfare of human subjects. In addition to pos- sessing the professional competence necessary to
p.000965: review specific research activities, the IRB shall be able to as- certain the acceptability of
p.000965: proposed research in terms of institutional com- mitments and regulations, applicable law, and standards of
p.000965: professional con- duct and practice. The IRB shall there- fore include persons knowledgeable in these areas. If an
p.000965: IRB regularly reviews research that involves a vulnerable category of subjects, such as children,
p.000965: prisoners, pregnant women, or handi- capped or mentally disabled persons, consideration shall be given
p.000965: to the in- clusion of one or more individuals who are knowledgeable about and experi- enced in working
p.000965: with these subjects.
p.000965: (b) Every nondiscriminatory effort will be made to ensure that no IRB consists entirely of men or
p.000965: entirely of women, including the institution’s con- sideration of qualified persons of both sexes, so long as
p.000965: no selection is made to the IRB on the basis of gender. No IRB may consist entirely of members of one
p.000965: profession.
p.000966: 966
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966: Agency for International Development § 225.110
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966: (c) Each IRB shall include at least one member whose primary concerns are in scientific areas and at
p.000966: least one member whose primary concerns are in nonscientific areas.
p.000966: (d) Each IRB shall include at least one member who is not otherwise affili- ated with the institution and
p.000966: who is not part of the immediate family of a person who is affiliated with the insti- tution.
p.000966: (e) No IRB may have a member par- ticipate in the IRB’s initial or con- tinuing review of any
p.000966: project in which the member has a conflicting interest, except to provide information re- quested by
...
p.000967: (1) Risks to subjects are minimized:
p.000967: (i) By using procedures which are con- sistent with sound research design and which do not unnecessarily
p.000967: expose sub- jects to risk, and (ii) whenever appro- priate, by using procedures already being performed
p.000967: on the subjects for di- agnostic or treatment purposes.
p.000967: (2) Risks to subjects are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits, if any, to subjects, and the
p.000967: importance of the knowledge that may reasonably be expected to result. In evaluating risks and benefits,
p.000967: the IRB should consider only those risks and benefits that may result from the research (as distin-
p.000967: guished from risks and benefits of therapies subjects would receive even if not participating in the
p.000967: research). The IRB should not consider possible long- range effects of applying knowledge gained in
p.000967: the research (for example, the possible effects of the research on public policy) as among those
p.000967: research risks that fall within the purview of its responsibility.
p.000967: (3) Selection of subjects is equitable.
p.000967: In making this assessment the IRB should take into account the purposes
p.000967: 22 CFR Ch. II (4–1–03 Edition)
p.000967: of the research and the setting in which the research will be conducted and should be particularly
p.000967: cognizant of the special problems of research in- volving vulnerable populations, such as children,
p.000967: prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economi- cally or educationally disadvantaged
p.000967: persons.
p.000967: (4) Informed consent will be sought from each prospective subject or the subject’s legally authorized
p.000967: representa- tive, in accordance with, and to the ex- tent required by § 225.116.
p.000967: (5) Informed consent will be appro- priately documented, in accordance with, and to the extent
p.000967: required by
p.000967: § 225.117.
p.000967: (6) When appropriate, the research plan makes adequate provision for monitoring the data
p.000967: collected to en- sure the safety of subjects.
p.000967: (7) When appropriate, there are ade- quate provisions to protect the privacy of subjects and to maintain the
p.000967: con- fidentiality of data.
p.000967: (b) When some or all of the subjects are likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence, such
p.000967: as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally
p.000967: disadvantaged persons, additional safeguards have been in- cluded in the study to protect the
p.000967: rights and welfare of these subjects.
p.000967: § 225.112 Review by institution.
p.000967: Research covered by this policy that has been approved by an IRB may be subject to further appropriate
p.000967: review and approval or disapproval by officials of the institution. However, those offi- cials may not approve the
p.000967: research if it has not been approved by an IRB.
p.000967:
p.000967: § 225.113 Suspension or termination of IRB approval of research.
p.000967: An IRB shall have authority to sus- pend or terminate approval of research that is not being conducted in
p.000967: accord- ance with the IRB’s requirements or that has been associated with unex- pected serious harm
p.000967: to subjects. Any suspension or termination of approval shall include a statement of the rea- sons for the
p.000967: IRB’s action and shall be reported promptly to the investigator,
p.000968: 968
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968: Agency for International Development § 225.116
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968: appropriate institutional officials, and the department or agency head.
...
p.000969: might be advan- tageous to the subject;
p.000969: (5) A statement describing the ex- tent, if any, to which confidentiality of records identifying the
p.000969: subject will be maintained;
p.000969: (6) For research involving more than minimal risk, an explanation as to whether any compensation and
p.000969: an ex- planation as to whether any medical treatments are available if injury oc- curs and, if so, what they
p.000969: consist of, or where further information may be ob- tained;
p.000969: (7) An explanation of whom to con- tact for answers to pertinent questions about the research and research
p.000969: sub- jects’ rights, and whom to contact in the event of a research-related injury to the subject; and
p.000969: (8) A statement that participation is voluntary, refusal to participate will involve no penalty or loss of
p.000969: benefits to which the subject is otherwise entitled, and the subject may discontinue par- ticipation at any time
p.000969: without penalty or loss of benefits to which the subject is otherwise entitled.
p.000969: (b) Additional elements of informed consent. When appropriate, one or more of the following
p.000969: elements of in- formation shall also be provided to each subject:
p.000969: (1) A statement that the particular treatment or procedure may involve risks to the subject (or to
p.000969: the embryo or fetus, if the subject is or may be- come pregnant) which are currently unforeseeable;
p.000969: (2) Anticipated circumstances under which the subject’s participation may be terminated by the
p.000969: investigator without regard to the subject’s con- sent;
p.000969: (3) Any additional costs to the sub- ject that may result from participation in the research;
p.000969: (4)The consequences of a subject’s de- cision to withdraw from the research and procedures for orderly termination
p.000969: of participation by the subject;
p.000969: (5) A statement that significant new findings developed during the course of the research which may relate to
p.000969: the subject’s willingness to continue par- ticipation will be provided to the sub- ject; and
p.000969: 22 CFR Ch. II (4–1–03 Edition)
p.000969: (6) The approximate number of sub- jects involved in the study.
p.000969: (c) An IRB may approve a consent procedure which does not include, or which alters, some or all of the
p.000969: ele- ments of informed consent set forth above, or waive the requirement to ob- tain informed consent
p.000969: provided the IRB finds and documents that:
p.000969: (1) The research or demonstration project is to be conducted by or subject to the approval of state or
p.000969: local gov- ernment officials and is designed to study, evaluate, or otherwise examine:
p.000969: (i) Public benefit of service programs;
p.000969: (ii) procedures for obtaining benefits or services under those programs; (iii) possible changes in or
p.000969: alternatives to those programs or procedures; or (iv) possible changes in methods or levels of payment
...
Social / Child
Searching for indicator children:
(return to top)
p.000963: procedure(s) involved in the research.
p.000963: (d) Research means a systematic in- vestigation, including research devel- opment, testing and
p.000963: evaluation, de- signed to develop or contribute to gen- eralizable knowledge. Activities which meet this
p.000963: definition constitute re- search for purposes of this policy, whether or not they are conducted
p.000963: or supported under a program which is considered research for other purposes. For example, some
p.000963: demonstration and service programs may include research activities.
p.000963: (e) Research subject to regulation, and similar terms are intended to encom- pass those research activities
p.000963: for which a federal department or agency has specific responsibility for regulating as a research activity,
p.000963: (for example, In- vestigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Ad- ministration). It
p.000963: does not include re- search activities which are inciden- tally regulated by a federal department or
p.000963: agency solely as part of the depart- ment’s or agency’s broader responsi- bility to regulate certain
p.000963: types of ac- tivities whether research or non-re- search in nature (for example, Wage and Hour
p.000963: requirements administered by the Department of Labor).
p.000963: (f) Human subject means a living indi- vidual about whom an investigator
p.000963:
p.000963: C. The exemption at 45 CFR part 46.101(b)(2), for research involving survey or interview procedures or observation
p.000963: of public behavior, does not apply to research with children, subpart D, except for research involving
p.000963: ob- servations of public behavior when the inves- tigator(s) do not participate in the activities being observed.
p.000963: 22 CFR Ch. II (4–1–03 Edition)
p.000963: (whether professional or student) con- ducting research obtains—
p.000963: (1) data through intervention or interaction with the individual, or
p.000963: (2) identifiable private information.
p.000963: Intervention includes both physical pro- cedures by which data are gathered (for example, venipuncture) and
p.000963: manipula- tions of the subject or the subject’s en- vironment that are performed for re- search purposes.
p.000963: Interaction includes communication or interpersonal con- tact between investigator and subject. ‘‘Private
p.000963: information’’ includes infor- mation about behavior that occurs in a context in which an individual can rea- sonably
p.000963: expect that no observation or recording is taking place, and informa- tion which has been provided for spe-
p.000963: cific purposes by an individual and which the individual can reasonably expect will not be made
p.000963: public (for ex- ample, a medical record). Private infor- mation must be individually identifi- able (i.e., the
p.000963: identity of the subject is or may readily be ascertained by the investigator or associated with the in-
p.000963: formation) in order for obtaining the information to constitute research in- volving human subjects.
p.000963: (g) IRB means an institutional review board established in accord with and for the purposes expressed in this
p.000963: pol- icy.
p.000963: (h) IRB approval means the deter- mination of the IRB that the research has been reviewed and
...
p.000965: to the institution.
p.000965: (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 9999–0020)
p.000965: [56 FR 28012, 28020, June 18, 1991; 56 FR 29756,
p.000965: June 28, 1991]
p.000965: §§ 225.104–225.106 [Reserved]
p.000965: § 225.107 IRB membership.
p.000965: (a) Each IRB shall have at least five members, with varying backgrounds to promote complete and adequate review
p.000965: of research activities commonly con- ducted by the institution. The IRB shall be sufficiently
p.000965: qualified through the experience and expertise of its members, and the diversity of the members,
p.000965: including consideration of race, gender, and cultural backgrounds and sensitivity to such issues as com-
p.000965: munity attitudes, to promote respect for its advice and counsel in safe- guarding the rights and
p.000965: welfare of human subjects. In addition to pos- sessing the professional competence necessary to
p.000965: review specific research activities, the IRB shall be able to as- certain the acceptability of
p.000965: proposed research in terms of institutional com- mitments and regulations, applicable law, and standards of
p.000965: professional con- duct and practice. The IRB shall there- fore include persons knowledgeable in these areas. If an
p.000965: IRB regularly reviews research that involves a vulnerable category of subjects, such as children,
p.000965: prisoners, pregnant women, or handi- capped or mentally disabled persons, consideration shall be given
p.000965: to the in- clusion of one or more individuals who are knowledgeable about and experi- enced in working
p.000965: with these subjects.
p.000965: (b) Every nondiscriminatory effort will be made to ensure that no IRB consists entirely of men or
p.000965: entirely of women, including the institution’s con- sideration of qualified persons of both sexes, so long as
p.000965: no selection is made to the IRB on the basis of gender. No IRB may consist entirely of members of one
p.000965: profession.
p.000966: 966
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966: Agency for International Development § 225.110
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966: (c) Each IRB shall include at least one member whose primary concerns are in scientific areas and at
p.000966: least one member whose primary concerns are in nonscientific areas.
p.000966: (d) Each IRB shall include at least one member who is not otherwise affili- ated with the institution and
p.000966: who is not part of the immediate family of a person who is affiliated with the insti- tution.
...
p.000967: following require- ments are satisfied:
p.000967: (1) Risks to subjects are minimized:
p.000967: (i) By using procedures which are con- sistent with sound research design and which do not unnecessarily
p.000967: expose sub- jects to risk, and (ii) whenever appro- priate, by using procedures already being performed
p.000967: on the subjects for di- agnostic or treatment purposes.
p.000967: (2) Risks to subjects are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits, if any, to subjects, and the
p.000967: importance of the knowledge that may reasonably be expected to result. In evaluating risks and benefits,
p.000967: the IRB should consider only those risks and benefits that may result from the research (as distin-
p.000967: guished from risks and benefits of therapies subjects would receive even if not participating in the
p.000967: research). The IRB should not consider possible long- range effects of applying knowledge gained in
p.000967: the research (for example, the possible effects of the research on public policy) as among those
p.000967: research risks that fall within the purview of its responsibility.
p.000967: (3) Selection of subjects is equitable.
p.000967: In making this assessment the IRB should take into account the purposes
p.000967: 22 CFR Ch. II (4–1–03 Edition)
p.000967: of the research and the setting in which the research will be conducted and should be particularly
p.000967: cognizant of the special problems of research in- volving vulnerable populations, such as children,
p.000967: prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economi- cally or educationally disadvantaged
p.000967: persons.
p.000967: (4) Informed consent will be sought from each prospective subject or the subject’s legally authorized
p.000967: representa- tive, in accordance with, and to the ex- tent required by § 225.116.
p.000967: (5) Informed consent will be appro- priately documented, in accordance with, and to the extent
p.000967: required by
p.000967: § 225.117.
p.000967: (6) When appropriate, the research plan makes adequate provision for monitoring the data
p.000967: collected to en- sure the safety of subjects.
p.000967: (7) When appropriate, there are ade- quate provisions to protect the privacy of subjects and to maintain the
p.000967: con- fidentiality of data.
p.000967: (b) When some or all of the subjects are likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence, such
p.000967: as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally
p.000967: disadvantaged persons, additional safeguards have been in- cluded in the study to protect the
p.000967: rights and welfare of these subjects.
p.000967: § 225.112 Review by institution.
p.000967: Research covered by this policy that has been approved by an IRB may be subject to further appropriate
p.000967: review and approval or disapproval by officials of the institution. However, those offi- cials may not approve the
p.000967: research if it has not been approved by an IRB.
p.000967:
p.000967: § 225.113 Suspension or termination of IRB approval of research.
p.000967: An IRB shall have authority to sus- pend or terminate approval of research that is not being conducted in
p.000967: accord- ance with the IRB’s requirements or that has been associated with unex- pected serious harm
p.000967: to subjects. Any suspension or termination of approval shall include a statement of the rea- sons for the
p.000967: IRB’s action and shall be reported promptly to the investigator,
p.000968: 968
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968: Agency for International Development § 225.116
p.000968:
p.000968:
...
Social / Fetus/Neonate
Searching for indicator fetus:
(return to top)
p.000969:
p.000969: § 225.116
p.000969: (4) A disclosure of appropriate alter- native procedures or courses of treat- ment, if any, that
p.000969: might be advan- tageous to the subject;
p.000969: (5) A statement describing the ex- tent, if any, to which confidentiality of records identifying the
p.000969: subject will be maintained;
p.000969: (6) For research involving more than minimal risk, an explanation as to whether any compensation and
p.000969: an ex- planation as to whether any medical treatments are available if injury oc- curs and, if so, what they
p.000969: consist of, or where further information may be ob- tained;
p.000969: (7) An explanation of whom to con- tact for answers to pertinent questions about the research and research
p.000969: sub- jects’ rights, and whom to contact in the event of a research-related injury to the subject; and
p.000969: (8) A statement that participation is voluntary, refusal to participate will involve no penalty or loss of
p.000969: benefits to which the subject is otherwise entitled, and the subject may discontinue par- ticipation at any time
p.000969: without penalty or loss of benefits to which the subject is otherwise entitled.
p.000969: (b) Additional elements of informed consent. When appropriate, one or more of the following
p.000969: elements of in- formation shall also be provided to each subject:
p.000969: (1) A statement that the particular treatment or procedure may involve risks to the subject (or to
p.000969: the embryo or fetus, if the subject is or may be- come pregnant) which are currently unforeseeable;
p.000969: (2) Anticipated circumstances under which the subject’s participation may be terminated by the
p.000969: investigator without regard to the subject’s con- sent;
p.000969: (3) Any additional costs to the sub- ject that may result from participation in the research;
p.000969: (4)The consequences of a subject’s de- cision to withdraw from the research and procedures for orderly termination
p.000969: of participation by the subject;
p.000969: (5) A statement that significant new findings developed during the course of the research which may relate to
p.000969: the subject’s willingness to continue par- ticipation will be provided to the sub- ject; and
p.000969: 22 CFR Ch. II (4–1–03 Edition)
p.000969: (6) The approximate number of sub- jects involved in the study.
p.000969: (c) An IRB may approve a consent procedure which does not include, or which alters, some or all of the
p.000969: ele- ments of informed consent set forth above, or waive the requirement to ob- tain informed consent
p.000969: provided the IRB finds and documents that:
p.000969: (1) The research or demonstration project is to be conducted by or subject to the approval of state or
p.000969: local gov- ernment officials and is designed to study, evaluate, or otherwise examine:
p.000969: (i) Public benefit of service programs;
p.000969: (ii) procedures for obtaining benefits or services under those programs; (iii) possible changes in or
...
Searching for indicator fetuses:
(return to top)
p.000962: foreign procedures in lieu of the proce- dural requirements provided in this policy. Except when otherwise
p.000962: required by statute, Executive Order, or the de- partment or agency head, notices of these actions as
p.000962: they occur will be pub- lished in the FEDERAL REGISTER or will be otherwise published as provided in department
p.000962: or agency procedures.
p.000962: (i) Unless otherwise required by law,
p.000962: department or agency heads may waive the applicability of some or all of the provisions of this policy to
p.000962: specific re- search activities or classes of research activities otherwise covered by this policy. Except
p.000962: when otherwise required by statute or Executive Order, the de- partment or agency head shall forward advance
p.000962: notices of these actions to the Office for Protection from Research Risks, Department of Health and
p.000962: Human Services (HHS), and shall also publish them in the FEDERAL REGISTER or in such other manner as provided in
p.000962: department or agency procedures.1
p.000962: [56 FR 28012, 28020, June 18, 1991; 56 FR 29756,
p.000962: June 28, 1991]
p.000962:
p.000962: 1 Institutions with HHS-approved assur- ances on file will abide by provisions of title
p.000962: 45 CFR part 46 subparts A–D. Some of the other Departments and Agencies have incor- porated all provisions
p.000962: of title 45 CFR part 46 into their policies and procedures as well. However, the exemptions at 45 CFR
p.000962: part 46.101(b) do not apply to research involving prisoners, fetuses, pregnant women, or human in
p.000962: vitro fertilization, subparts B and
p.000962: Continued
p.000963: 963
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963: § 225.102
p.000963: § 225.102 Definitions.
p.000963: (a) Department or agency head means the head of any federal department or agency and any other officer
p.000963: or em- ployee of any department or agency to whom authority has been delegated.
p.000963: (b) Institution means any public or private entity or agency (including fed- eral, state, and other
p.000963: agencies).
p.000963: (c) Legally authorized representative means an individual or judicial or other body authorized under
p.000963: applicable law to consent on behalf of a prospec- tive subject to the subject’s participa- tion in the
p.000963: procedure(s) involved in the research.
p.000963: (d) Research means a systematic in- vestigation, including research devel- opment, testing and
p.000963: evaluation, de- signed to develop or contribute to gen- eralizable knowledge. Activities which meet this
p.000963: definition constitute re- search for purposes of this policy, whether or not they are conducted
p.000963: or supported under a program which is considered research for other purposes. For example, some
p.000963: demonstration and service programs may include research activities.
p.000963: (e) Research subject to regulation, and similar terms are intended to encom- pass those research activities
...
Social / Linguistic Proficiency
Searching for indicator language:
(return to top)
p.000968: § 225.103(b)(4) and § 225.103(b)(5).
p.000968: (7) Statements of significant new findings provided to subjects, as re- quired by § 225.116(b)(5).
p.000968: (b) The records required by this pol- icy shall be retained for at least 3 years, and records
p.000968: relating to research
p.000968:
p.000968: which is conducted shall be retained for at least 3 years after completion of the research. All records
p.000968: shall be acces- sible for inspection and copying by au- thorized representatives of the depart- ment or
p.000968: agency at reasonable times and in a reasonable manner.
p.000968: (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 9999–0020)
p.000968:
p.000968: § 225.116 General requirements for in- formed consent.
p.000968: Except as provided elsewhere in this policy, no investigator may involve a human being as a subject in
p.000968: research covered by this policy unless the inves- tigator has obtained the legally effec- tive informed consent of
p.000968: the subject or the subject’s legally authorized rep- resentative. An investigator shall seek such consent
p.000968: only under circumstances that provide the prospective subject or the representative sufficient oppor-
p.000968: tunity to consider whether or not to participate and that minimize the pos- sibility of coercion or
p.000968: undue influence. The information that is given to the subject or the representative shall be in language
p.000968: understandable to the sub- ject or the representative. No informed consent, whether oral or written, may include
p.000968: any exculpatory language through which the subject or the rep- resentative is made to waive or
p.000968: appear to waive any of the subject’s legal rights, or releases or appears to release the investigator, the
p.000968: sponsor, the insti- tution or its agents from liability for negligence.
p.000968: (a) Basic elements of informed con- sent. Except as provided in paragraph
p.000968: (c) or (d) of this section, in seeking in- formed consent the following informa- tion shall be provided
p.000968: to each subject:
p.000968: (1) A statement that the study in- volves research, an explanation of the purposes of the research and
p.000968: the ex- pected duration of the subject’s partici- pation, a description of the procedures to be followed,
p.000968: and identification of any procedures which are experi- mental;
p.000968: (2) A description of any reasonably foreseeable risks or discomforts to the subject;
p.000968: (3) A description of any benefits to the subject or to others which may rea- sonably be expected from the
p.000968: research;
p.000969: 969
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969: § 225.116
p.000969: (4) A disclosure of appropriate alter- native procedures or courses of treat- ment, if any, that
p.000969: might be advan- tageous to the subject;
p.000969: (5) A statement describing the ex- tent, if any, to which confidentiality of records identifying the
p.000969: subject will be maintained;
p.000969: (6) For research involving more than minimal risk, an explanation as to whether any compensation and
...
Social / Police Officer
Searching for indicator officer:
(return to top)
p.000962: specific re- search activities or classes of research activities otherwise covered by this policy. Except
p.000962: when otherwise required by statute or Executive Order, the de- partment or agency head shall forward advance
p.000962: notices of these actions to the Office for Protection from Research Risks, Department of Health and
p.000962: Human Services (HHS), and shall also publish them in the FEDERAL REGISTER or in such other manner as provided in
p.000962: department or agency procedures.1
p.000962: [56 FR 28012, 28020, June 18, 1991; 56 FR 29756,
p.000962: June 28, 1991]
p.000962:
p.000962: 1 Institutions with HHS-approved assur- ances on file will abide by provisions of title
p.000962: 45 CFR part 46 subparts A–D. Some of the other Departments and Agencies have incor- porated all provisions
p.000962: of title 45 CFR part 46 into their policies and procedures as well. However, the exemptions at 45 CFR
p.000962: part 46.101(b) do not apply to research involving prisoners, fetuses, pregnant women, or human in
p.000962: vitro fertilization, subparts B and
p.000962: Continued
p.000963: 963
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963: § 225.102
p.000963: § 225.102 Definitions.
p.000963: (a) Department or agency head means the head of any federal department or agency and any other officer
p.000963: or em- ployee of any department or agency to whom authority has been delegated.
p.000963: (b) Institution means any public or private entity or agency (including fed- eral, state, and other
p.000963: agencies).
p.000963: (c) Legally authorized representative means an individual or judicial or other body authorized under
p.000963: applicable law to consent on behalf of a prospec- tive subject to the subject’s participa- tion in the
p.000963: procedure(s) involved in the research.
p.000963: (d) Research means a systematic in- vestigation, including research devel- opment, testing and
p.000963: evaluation, de- signed to develop or contribute to gen- eralizable knowledge. Activities which meet this
p.000963: definition constitute re- search for purposes of this policy, whether or not they are conducted
p.000963: or supported under a program which is considered research for other purposes. For example, some
p.000963: demonstration and service programs may include research activities.
p.000963: (e) Research subject to regulation, and similar terms are intended to encom- pass those research activities
p.000963: for which a federal department or agency has specific responsibility for regulating as a research activity,
p.000963: (for example, In- vestigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Ad- ministration). It
p.000963: does not include re- search activities which are inciden- tally regulated by a federal department or
...
Social / Racial Minority
Searching for indicator race:
(return to top)
p.000965: certify that each appli- cation or proposal for research covered by the assurance and by § 225.103 of this Policy has
p.000965: been reviewed and approved by the IRB. Such certification must be submitted with the application or pro- posal
p.000965: or by such later date as may be prescribed by the department or agen- cy to which the application or
p.000965: proposal is submitted. Under no condition shall research covered by § 225.103 of the Pol- icy be supported prior
p.000965: to receipt of the certification that the research has been reviewed and approved by the IRB. In- stitutions
p.000965: without an approved assur-
p.000965: 22 CFR Ch. II (4–1–03 Edition)
p.000965: ance covering the research shall certify within 30 days after receipt of a request for such a certification from
p.000965: the de- partment or agency, that the applica- tion or proposal has been approved by the IRB. If the
p.000965: certification is not sub- mitted within these time limits, the application or proposal may be re- turned
p.000965: to the institution.
p.000965: (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 9999–0020)
p.000965: [56 FR 28012, 28020, June 18, 1991; 56 FR 29756,
p.000965: June 28, 1991]
p.000965: §§ 225.104–225.106 [Reserved]
p.000965: § 225.107 IRB membership.
p.000965: (a) Each IRB shall have at least five members, with varying backgrounds to promote complete and adequate review
p.000965: of research activities commonly con- ducted by the institution. The IRB shall be sufficiently
p.000965: qualified through the experience and expertise of its members, and the diversity of the members,
p.000965: including consideration of race, gender, and cultural backgrounds and sensitivity to such issues as com-
p.000965: munity attitudes, to promote respect for its advice and counsel in safe- guarding the rights and
p.000965: welfare of human subjects. In addition to pos- sessing the professional competence necessary to
p.000965: review specific research activities, the IRB shall be able to as- certain the acceptability of
p.000965: proposed research in terms of institutional com- mitments and regulations, applicable law, and standards of
p.000965: professional con- duct and practice. The IRB shall there- fore include persons knowledgeable in these areas. If an
p.000965: IRB regularly reviews research that involves a vulnerable category of subjects, such as children,
p.000965: prisoners, pregnant women, or handi- capped or mentally disabled persons, consideration shall be given
p.000965: to the in- clusion of one or more individuals who are knowledgeable about and experi- enced in working
p.000965: with these subjects.
p.000965: (b) Every nondiscriminatory effort will be made to ensure that no IRB consists entirely of men or
...
Social / Soldier
Searching for indicator military:
(return to top)
p.000961: 225.113 Suspension or termination of IRB approval of research.
p.000961: 225.114 Cooperative research.
p.000961: 225.115 IRB records.
p.000961: 225.116 General requirements for informed consent.
p.000961: 225.117 Documentation of informed consent.
p.000961: 225.118 Applications and proposals lacking definite plans for involvement of human subjects.
p.000961: 225.119 Research undertaken without the in- tention of involving human subjects.
p.000961: 225.120 Evaluation and disposition of appli- cations and proposals for research to be conducted or
p.000961: supported by a Federal De- partment or Agency.
p.000961: 225.121 [Reserved]
p.000961: 225.122 Use of Federal funds.
p.000961: 225.123 Early termination of research sup- port: Evaluation of applications and pro- posals.
p.000961: 225.124 Conditions.
p.000961: AUTHORITY: 5 U.S.C. 301; 42 U.S.C. 300v–1(b),
p.000961: unless otherwise noted.
p.000961: SOURCE: 56 FR 28012, 28020, June 18, 1991,
p.000961: unless otherwise noted.
p.000961:
p.000961: § 225.101 To what does this policy apply?
p.000961: (a) Except as provided in paragraph
p.000961: (b) of this section, this policy applies to all research involving human sub- jects conducted, supported or
p.000961: otherwise subject to regulation by any federal de- partment or agency which takes appro- priate administrative action
p.000961: to make the policy applicable to such research. This includes research conducted by federal civilian
p.000961: employees or military personnel, except that each department or agency head may adopt such proce- dural
p.000961: modifications as may be appro- priate from an administrative stand- point. It also includes
p.000961: research con- ducted, supported, or otherwise subject to regulation by the federal govern- ment outside the
p.000961: United States.
p.000961: (1) Research that is conducted or sup-
p.000961: ported by a federal department or agency, whether or not it is regulated as defined in § 225.102(e),
p.000961: must comply with all sections of this policy.
p.000961: (2) Research that is neither con- ducted nor supported by a federal de- partment or agency but is
p.000961: subject to
p.000961: 22 CFR Ch. II (4–1–03 Edition)
p.000961: regulation as defined in § 225.102(e) must be reviewed and approved, in compliance with §§
p.000961: 225.101, 225.102, and
p.000961: §§ 225.107 through 225.117 of this policy, by an institutional review board (IRB) that operates in
p.000961: accordance with the pertinent requirements of this policy.
p.000961: (b) Unless otherwise required by de- partment or agency heads, research ac- tivities in which the only
p.000961: involvement of human subjects will be in one or more of the following categories are exempt from this
p.000961: policy:
p.000961: (1) Research conducted in established or commonly accepted educational set- tings, involving normal
p.000961: educational practices, such as (i) research on reg- ular and special education instruc- tional
p.000961: strategies, or (ii) research on the effectiveness of or the comparison among instructional techniques,
...
Social / Student
Searching for indicator student:
(return to top)
p.000963: or supported under a program which is considered research for other purposes. For example, some
p.000963: demonstration and service programs may include research activities.
p.000963: (e) Research subject to regulation, and similar terms are intended to encom- pass those research activities
p.000963: for which a federal department or agency has specific responsibility for regulating as a research activity,
p.000963: (for example, In- vestigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Ad- ministration). It
p.000963: does not include re- search activities which are inciden- tally regulated by a federal department or
p.000963: agency solely as part of the depart- ment’s or agency’s broader responsi- bility to regulate certain
p.000963: types of ac- tivities whether research or non-re- search in nature (for example, Wage and Hour
p.000963: requirements administered by the Department of Labor).
p.000963: (f) Human subject means a living indi- vidual about whom an investigator
p.000963:
p.000963: C. The exemption at 45 CFR part 46.101(b)(2), for research involving survey or interview procedures or observation
p.000963: of public behavior, does not apply to research with children, subpart D, except for research involving
p.000963: ob- servations of public behavior when the inves- tigator(s) do not participate in the activities being observed.
p.000963: 22 CFR Ch. II (4–1–03 Edition)
p.000963: (whether professional or student) con- ducting research obtains—
p.000963: (1) data through intervention or interaction with the individual, or
p.000963: (2) identifiable private information.
p.000963: Intervention includes both physical pro- cedures by which data are gathered (for example, venipuncture) and
p.000963: manipula- tions of the subject or the subject’s en- vironment that are performed for re- search purposes.
p.000963: Interaction includes communication or interpersonal con- tact between investigator and subject. ‘‘Private
p.000963: information’’ includes infor- mation about behavior that occurs in a context in which an individual can rea- sonably
p.000963: expect that no observation or recording is taking place, and informa- tion which has been provided for spe-
p.000963: cific purposes by an individual and which the individual can reasonably expect will not be made
p.000963: public (for ex- ample, a medical record). Private infor- mation must be individually identifi- able (i.e., the
p.000963: identity of the subject is or may readily be ascertained by the investigator or associated with the in-
p.000963: formation) in order for obtaining the information to constitute research in- volving human subjects.
p.000963: (g) IRB means an institutional review board established in accord with and for the purposes expressed in this
p.000963: pol- icy.
p.000963: (h) IRB approval means the deter- mination of the IRB that the research has been reviewed and
p.000963: may be con- ducted at an institution within the constraints set forth by the IRB and by other
p.000963: institutional and federal require- ments.
...
Social / Women
Searching for indicator women:
(return to top)
p.000962: required by statute, Executive Order, or the de- partment or agency head, notices of these actions as
p.000962: they occur will be pub- lished in the FEDERAL REGISTER or will be otherwise published as provided in department
p.000962: or agency procedures.
p.000962: (i) Unless otherwise required by law,
p.000962: department or agency heads may waive the applicability of some or all of the provisions of this policy to
p.000962: specific re- search activities or classes of research activities otherwise covered by this policy. Except
p.000962: when otherwise required by statute or Executive Order, the de- partment or agency head shall forward advance
p.000962: notices of these actions to the Office for Protection from Research Risks, Department of Health and
p.000962: Human Services (HHS), and shall also publish them in the FEDERAL REGISTER or in such other manner as provided in
p.000962: department or agency procedures.1
p.000962: [56 FR 28012, 28020, June 18, 1991; 56 FR 29756,
p.000962: June 28, 1991]
p.000962:
p.000962: 1 Institutions with HHS-approved assur- ances on file will abide by provisions of title
p.000962: 45 CFR part 46 subparts A–D. Some of the other Departments and Agencies have incor- porated all provisions
p.000962: of title 45 CFR part 46 into their policies and procedures as well. However, the exemptions at 45 CFR
p.000962: part 46.101(b) do not apply to research involving prisoners, fetuses, pregnant women, or human in
p.000962: vitro fertilization, subparts B and
p.000962: Continued
p.000963: 963
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963: § 225.102
p.000963: § 225.102 Definitions.
p.000963: (a) Department or agency head means the head of any federal department or agency and any other officer
p.000963: or em- ployee of any department or agency to whom authority has been delegated.
p.000963: (b) Institution means any public or private entity or agency (including fed- eral, state, and other
p.000963: agencies).
p.000963: (c) Legally authorized representative means an individual or judicial or other body authorized under
p.000963: applicable law to consent on behalf of a prospec- tive subject to the subject’s participa- tion in the
p.000963: procedure(s) involved in the research.
p.000963: (d) Research means a systematic in- vestigation, including research devel- opment, testing and
p.000963: evaluation, de- signed to develop or contribute to gen- eralizable knowledge. Activities which meet this
p.000963: definition constitute re- search for purposes of this policy, whether or not they are conducted
p.000963: or supported under a program which is considered research for other purposes. For example, some
p.000963: demonstration and service programs may include research activities.
p.000963: (e) Research subject to regulation, and similar terms are intended to encom- pass those research activities
p.000963: for which a federal department or agency has specific responsibility for regulating as a research activity,
...
p.000965: June 28, 1991]
p.000965: §§ 225.104–225.106 [Reserved]
p.000965: § 225.107 IRB membership.
p.000965: (a) Each IRB shall have at least five members, with varying backgrounds to promote complete and adequate review
p.000965: of research activities commonly con- ducted by the institution. The IRB shall be sufficiently
p.000965: qualified through the experience and expertise of its members, and the diversity of the members,
p.000965: including consideration of race, gender, and cultural backgrounds and sensitivity to such issues as com-
p.000965: munity attitudes, to promote respect for its advice and counsel in safe- guarding the rights and
p.000965: welfare of human subjects. In addition to pos- sessing the professional competence necessary to
p.000965: review specific research activities, the IRB shall be able to as- certain the acceptability of
p.000965: proposed research in terms of institutional com- mitments and regulations, applicable law, and standards of
p.000965: professional con- duct and practice. The IRB shall there- fore include persons knowledgeable in these areas. If an
p.000965: IRB regularly reviews research that involves a vulnerable category of subjects, such as children,
p.000965: prisoners, pregnant women, or handi- capped or mentally disabled persons, consideration shall be given
p.000965: to the in- clusion of one or more individuals who are knowledgeable about and experi- enced in working
p.000965: with these subjects.
p.000965: (b) Every nondiscriminatory effort will be made to ensure that no IRB consists entirely of men or
p.000965: entirely of women, including the institution’s con- sideration of qualified persons of both sexes, so long as
p.000965: no selection is made to the IRB on the basis of gender. No IRB may consist entirely of members of one
p.000965: profession.
p.000966: 966
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966: Agency for International Development § 225.110
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966: (c) Each IRB shall include at least one member whose primary concerns are in scientific areas and at
p.000966: least one member whose primary concerns are in nonscientific areas.
p.000966: (d) Each IRB shall include at least one member who is not otherwise affili- ated with the institution and
p.000966: who is not part of the immediate family of a person who is affiliated with the insti- tution.
p.000966: (e) No IRB may have a member par- ticipate in the IRB’s initial or con- tinuing review of any
p.000966: project in which the member has a conflicting interest, except to provide information re- quested by
p.000966: the IRB.
p.000966: (f) An IRB may, in its discretion, in- vite individuals with competence in special areas to assist
p.000966: in the review of issues which require expertise beyond or in addition to that available on the IRB.
p.000966: These individuals may not vote with the IRB.
p.000966: § 225.108 IRB functions and oper- ations.
p.000966: In order to fulfill the requirements of this policy each IRB shall:
p.000966: (a) Follow written procedures in the same detail as described in
...
p.000967: expose sub- jects to risk, and (ii) whenever appro- priate, by using procedures already being performed
p.000967: on the subjects for di- agnostic or treatment purposes.
p.000967: (2) Risks to subjects are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits, if any, to subjects, and the
p.000967: importance of the knowledge that may reasonably be expected to result. In evaluating risks and benefits,
p.000967: the IRB should consider only those risks and benefits that may result from the research (as distin-
p.000967: guished from risks and benefits of therapies subjects would receive even if not participating in the
p.000967: research). The IRB should not consider possible long- range effects of applying knowledge gained in
p.000967: the research (for example, the possible effects of the research on public policy) as among those
p.000967: research risks that fall within the purview of its responsibility.
p.000967: (3) Selection of subjects is equitable.
p.000967: In making this assessment the IRB should take into account the purposes
p.000967: 22 CFR Ch. II (4–1–03 Edition)
p.000967: of the research and the setting in which the research will be conducted and should be particularly
p.000967: cognizant of the special problems of research in- volving vulnerable populations, such as children,
p.000967: prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economi- cally or educationally disadvantaged
p.000967: persons.
p.000967: (4) Informed consent will be sought from each prospective subject or the subject’s legally authorized
p.000967: representa- tive, in accordance with, and to the ex- tent required by § 225.116.
p.000967: (5) Informed consent will be appro- priately documented, in accordance with, and to the extent
p.000967: required by
p.000967: § 225.117.
p.000967: (6) When appropriate, the research plan makes adequate provision for monitoring the data
p.000967: collected to en- sure the safety of subjects.
p.000967: (7) When appropriate, there are ade- quate provisions to protect the privacy of subjects and to maintain the
p.000967: con- fidentiality of data.
p.000967: (b) When some or all of the subjects are likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence, such
p.000967: as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally
p.000967: disadvantaged persons, additional safeguards have been in- cluded in the study to protect the
p.000967: rights and welfare of these subjects.
p.000967: § 225.112 Review by institution.
p.000967: Research covered by this policy that has been approved by an IRB may be subject to further appropriate
p.000967: review and approval or disapproval by officials of the institution. However, those offi- cials may not approve the
p.000967: research if it has not been approved by an IRB.
p.000967:
p.000967: § 225.113 Suspension or termination of IRB approval of research.
p.000967: An IRB shall have authority to sus- pend or terminate approval of research that is not being conducted in
p.000967: accord- ance with the IRB’s requirements or that has been associated with unex- pected serious harm
p.000967: to subjects. Any suspension or termination of approval shall include a statement of the rea- sons for the
p.000967: IRB’s action and shall be reported promptly to the investigator,
p.000968: 968
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968: Agency for International Development § 225.116
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968: appropriate institutional officials, and the department or agency head.
p.000968: (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 9999–0020)
...
Social / Youth/Minors
Searching for indicator minor:
(return to top)
p.000961: 3806.
p.000961: (e) The investigating official may recommend settlement terms to the re- viewing official, the A.I.D.
p.000961: Adminis- trator, or the Attorney General, as ap- propriate. The reviewing official may recommend settlement
p.000961: terms to the
p.000961: A.I.D. Administrator, or the Attorney General, as appropriate.
p.000961: (f) Any compromise or settlement must be in writing.
p.000961: § 224.47 Limitations.
p.000961: (a) The notice of hearing with respect to a claim or statement must be served in the manner specified in § 224.8 within
p.000961: 6 years after the date on which such claim or statement is made.
p.000961: (b) If the defendant fails to file a timely answer, service of a notice under § 224.10(b)
p.000961: shall be deemed notice of hearing for purposes of this section.
p.000961: (c) The statute of limitations may be extended by agreement of the parties.
p.000961:
p.000961: PART 225—PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS
p.000961: Sec.
p.000961: 225.101 To what does this policy apply?
p.000961: 225.102 Definitions.
p.000961: 225.103 Assuring compliance with this policy—research conducted or supported by any Federal
p.000961: Department or Agency.
p.000961: 225.104–225.106 [Reserved]
p.000961: 225.107 IRB membership.
p.000961: 225.108 IRB functions and operations.
p.000961: 225.109 IRB review of research.
p.000961: 961
p.000961:
p.000961:
p.000961:
p.000961:
p.000961:
p.000961:
p.000961:
p.000961:
p.000961: § 225.101
p.000961: 225.110 Expedited review procedures for cer- tain kinds of research involving no more than minimal risk,
p.000961: and for minor changes in approved research.
p.000961: 225.111 Criteria for IRB approval of re- search.
p.000961: 225.112 Review by institution.
p.000961: 225.113 Suspension or termination of IRB approval of research.
p.000961: 225.114 Cooperative research.
p.000961: 225.115 IRB records.
p.000961: 225.116 General requirements for informed consent.
p.000961: 225.117 Documentation of informed consent.
p.000961: 225.118 Applications and proposals lacking definite plans for involvement of human subjects.
p.000961: 225.119 Research undertaken without the in- tention of involving human subjects.
p.000961: 225.120 Evaluation and disposition of appli- cations and proposals for research to be conducted or
p.000961: supported by a Federal De- partment or Agency.
p.000961: 225.121 [Reserved]
p.000961: 225.122 Use of Federal funds.
p.000961: 225.123 Early termination of research sup- port: Evaluation of applications and pro- posals.
p.000961: 225.124 Conditions.
p.000961: AUTHORITY: 5 U.S.C. 301; 42 U.S.C. 300v–1(b),
p.000961: unless otherwise noted.
p.000961: SOURCE: 56 FR 28012, 28020, June 18, 1991,
p.000961: unless otherwise noted.
p.000961:
p.000961: § 225.101 To what does this policy apply?
p.000961: (a) Except as provided in paragraph
p.000961: (b) of this section, this policy applies to all research involving human sub- jects conducted, supported or
p.000961: otherwise subject to regulation by any federal de- partment or agency which takes appro- priate administrative action
p.000961: to make the policy applicable to such research. This includes research conducted by federal civilian
...
p.000966:
p.000966: fully add to the protection of the rights and welfare of subjects.
p.000966: (c) An IRB shall require documenta- tion of informed consent or may waive documentation in accordance
p.000966: with
p.000966: § 225.117.
p.000966: (d) An IRB shall notify investigators and the institution in writing of its de- cision to approve or disapprove
p.000966: the pro- posed research activity, or of modifica- tions required to secure IRB approval of the research
p.000966: activity. If the IRB de- cides to disapprove a research activity, it shall include in its written notifica-
p.000966: tion a statement of the reasons for its decision and give the investigator an opportunity to respond in
p.000966: person or in writing.
p.000966: (e) An IRB shall conduct continuing review of research covered by this pol- icy at intervals appropriate
p.000966: to the de- gree of risk, but not less than once per year, and shall have authority to ob- serve or have a third
p.000966: party observe the consent process and the research.
p.000966: (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 9999–0020)
p.000966:
p.000966: § 225.110 Expedited review procedures for certain kinds of research involv- ing no more than minimal risk, and for
p.000966: minor changes in approved re- search.
p.000966: (a) The Secretary, HHS, has estab- lished, and published as a Notice in the FEDERAL REGISTER, a list of
p.000966: categories of research that may be reviewed by the IRB through an expedited review procedure. The list will
p.000966: be amended, as appropriate after consultation with other departments and agencies, through
p.000966: periodic republication by the Secretary, HHS, in the FEDERAL REG- ISTER. A copy of the list is available
p.000966: from the Office for Protection from Re- search Risks, National Institutes of Health, HHS, Bethesda,
p.000966: Maryland 20892.
p.000966: (b) An IRB may use the expedited re-
p.000966: view procedure to review either or both of the following:
p.000966: (1) Some or all of the research ap- pearing on the list and found by the re- viewer(s) to involve no more than
p.000966: mini- mal risk,
p.000966: (2) Minor changes in previously ap- proved research during the period (of one year or less) for which
p.000966: approval is authorized.
p.000967: 967
p.000967:
p.000967:
p.000967:
p.000967:
p.000967:
p.000967:
p.000967:
p.000967:
p.000967: § 225.111
p.000967: Under an expedited review procedure, the review may be carried out by the IRB chairperson or by one or
p.000967: more ex- perienced reviewers designated by the chairperson from among members of the IRB. In reviewing the
p.000967: research, the reviewers may exercise all of the au- thorities of the IRB except that the re- viewers may not
p.000967: disapprove the re- search. A research activity may be dis- approved only after review in accord- ance with
p.000967: the non-expedited procedure set forth in § 225.108(b).
p.000967: (c) Each IRB which uses an expedited
p.000967: review procedure shall adopt a method for keeping all members advised of re- search proposals which have
p.000967: been ap- proved under the procedure.
p.000967: (d) The department or agency head may restrict, suspend, terminate, or choose not to authorize an
p.000967: institu- tion’s or IRB’s use of the expedited re- view procedure.
p.000967:
p.000967: § 225.111 Criteria for IRB approval of research.
p.000967: (a) In order to approve research cov- ered by this policy the IRB shall deter- mine that all of the
p.000967: following require- ments are satisfied:
p.000967: (1) Risks to subjects are minimized:
p.000967: (i) By using procedures which are con- sistent with sound research design and which do not unnecessarily
p.000967: expose sub- jects to risk, and (ii) whenever appro- priate, by using procedures already being performed
...
Social / education
Searching for indicator education:
(return to top)
p.000961: modifications as may be appro- priate from an administrative stand- point. It also includes
p.000961: research con- ducted, supported, or otherwise subject to regulation by the federal govern- ment outside the
p.000961: United States.
p.000961: (1) Research that is conducted or sup-
p.000961: ported by a federal department or agency, whether or not it is regulated as defined in § 225.102(e),
p.000961: must comply with all sections of this policy.
p.000961: (2) Research that is neither con- ducted nor supported by a federal de- partment or agency but is
p.000961: subject to
p.000961: 22 CFR Ch. II (4–1–03 Edition)
p.000961: regulation as defined in § 225.102(e) must be reviewed and approved, in compliance with §§
p.000961: 225.101, 225.102, and
p.000961: §§ 225.107 through 225.117 of this policy, by an institutional review board (IRB) that operates in
p.000961: accordance with the pertinent requirements of this policy.
p.000961: (b) Unless otherwise required by de- partment or agency heads, research ac- tivities in which the only
p.000961: involvement of human subjects will be in one or more of the following categories are exempt from this
p.000961: policy:
p.000961: (1) Research conducted in established or commonly accepted educational set- tings, involving normal
p.000961: educational practices, such as (i) research on reg- ular and special education instruc- tional
p.000961: strategies, or (ii) research on the effectiveness of or the comparison among instructional techniques,
p.000961: cur- ricula, or classroom management methods.
p.000961: (2) Research involving the use of edu- cational tests (cognitive, diagnostic, aptitude, achievement), survey
p.000961: proce- dures, interview procedures or observa- tion of public behavior, unless:
p.000961: (i) Information obtained is recorded in such a manner that human subjects can be identified, directly or
p.000961: through identifiers linked to the subjects; and
p.000961: (ii) any disclosure of the human sub- jects’ responses outside the research could reasonably place the
p.000961: subjects at risk of criminal or civil liability or be damaging to the subjects’ financial standing,
p.000961: employability, or reputation.
p.000961: (3) Research involving the use of edu- cational tests (cognitive, diagnostic, aptitude, achievement), survey
p.000961: proce- dures, interview procedures, or obser- vation of public behavior that is not exempt under paragraph
p.000961: (b)(2) of this section, if:
p.000961: (i) The human subjects are elected or appointed public officials or candidates for public office; or (ii) federal
p.000961: stat- ute(s) require(s) without exception that the confidentiality of the personally identifiable information
p.000961: will be main- tained throughout the research and thereafter.
p.000961: (4) Research, involving the collection or study of existing data, documents, records, pathological specimens,
...
Searching for indicator educational:
(return to top)
p.000961: otherwise subject to regulation by any federal de- partment or agency which takes appro- priate administrative action
p.000961: to make the policy applicable to such research. This includes research conducted by federal civilian
p.000961: employees or military personnel, except that each department or agency head may adopt such proce- dural
p.000961: modifications as may be appro- priate from an administrative stand- point. It also includes
p.000961: research con- ducted, supported, or otherwise subject to regulation by the federal govern- ment outside the
p.000961: United States.
p.000961: (1) Research that is conducted or sup-
p.000961: ported by a federal department or agency, whether or not it is regulated as defined in § 225.102(e),
p.000961: must comply with all sections of this policy.
p.000961: (2) Research that is neither con- ducted nor supported by a federal de- partment or agency but is
p.000961: subject to
p.000961: 22 CFR Ch. II (4–1–03 Edition)
p.000961: regulation as defined in § 225.102(e) must be reviewed and approved, in compliance with §§
p.000961: 225.101, 225.102, and
p.000961: §§ 225.107 through 225.117 of this policy, by an institutional review board (IRB) that operates in
p.000961: accordance with the pertinent requirements of this policy.
p.000961: (b) Unless otherwise required by de- partment or agency heads, research ac- tivities in which the only
p.000961: involvement of human subjects will be in one or more of the following categories are exempt from this
p.000961: policy:
p.000961: (1) Research conducted in established or commonly accepted educational set- tings, involving normal
p.000961: educational practices, such as (i) research on reg- ular and special education instruc- tional
p.000961: strategies, or (ii) research on the effectiveness of or the comparison among instructional techniques,
p.000961: cur- ricula, or classroom management methods.
p.000961: (2) Research involving the use of edu- cational tests (cognitive, diagnostic, aptitude, achievement), survey
p.000961: proce- dures, interview procedures or observa- tion of public behavior, unless:
p.000961: (i) Information obtained is recorded in such a manner that human subjects can be identified, directly or
p.000961: through identifiers linked to the subjects; and
p.000961: (ii) any disclosure of the human sub- jects’ responses outside the research could reasonably place the
p.000961: subjects at risk of criminal or civil liability or be damaging to the subjects’ financial standing,
p.000961: employability, or reputation.
p.000961: (3) Research involving the use of edu- cational tests (cognitive, diagnostic, aptitude, achievement), survey
p.000961: proce- dures, interview procedures, or obser- vation of public behavior that is not exempt under paragraph
p.000961: (b)(2) of this section, if:
p.000961: (i) The human subjects are elected or appointed public officials or candidates for public office; or (ii) federal
p.000961: stat- ute(s) require(s) without exception that the confidentiality of the personally identifiable information
...
Social / embryo
Searching for indicator embryo:
(return to top)
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969:
p.000969: § 225.116
p.000969: (4) A disclosure of appropriate alter- native procedures or courses of treat- ment, if any, that
p.000969: might be advan- tageous to the subject;
p.000969: (5) A statement describing the ex- tent, if any, to which confidentiality of records identifying the
p.000969: subject will be maintained;
p.000969: (6) For research involving more than minimal risk, an explanation as to whether any compensation and
p.000969: an ex- planation as to whether any medical treatments are available if injury oc- curs and, if so, what they
p.000969: consist of, or where further information may be ob- tained;
p.000969: (7) An explanation of whom to con- tact for answers to pertinent questions about the research and research
p.000969: sub- jects’ rights, and whom to contact in the event of a research-related injury to the subject; and
p.000969: (8) A statement that participation is voluntary, refusal to participate will involve no penalty or loss of
p.000969: benefits to which the subject is otherwise entitled, and the subject may discontinue par- ticipation at any time
p.000969: without penalty or loss of benefits to which the subject is otherwise entitled.
p.000969: (b) Additional elements of informed consent. When appropriate, one or more of the following
p.000969: elements of in- formation shall also be provided to each subject:
p.000969: (1) A statement that the particular treatment or procedure may involve risks to the subject (or to
p.000969: the embryo or fetus, if the subject is or may be- come pregnant) which are currently unforeseeable;
p.000969: (2) Anticipated circumstances under which the subject’s participation may be terminated by the
p.000969: investigator without regard to the subject’s con- sent;
p.000969: (3) Any additional costs to the sub- ject that may result from participation in the research;
p.000969: (4)The consequences of a subject’s de- cision to withdraw from the research and procedures for orderly termination
p.000969: of participation by the subject;
p.000969: (5) A statement that significant new findings developed during the course of the research which may relate to
p.000969: the subject’s willingness to continue par- ticipation will be provided to the sub- ject; and
p.000969: 22 CFR Ch. II (4–1–03 Edition)
p.000969: (6) The approximate number of sub- jects involved in the study.
p.000969: (c) An IRB may approve a consent procedure which does not include, or which alters, some or all of the
p.000969: ele- ments of informed consent set forth above, or waive the requirement to ob- tain informed consent
p.000969: provided the IRB finds and documents that:
p.000969: (1) The research or demonstration project is to be conducted by or subject to the approval of state or
p.000969: local gov- ernment officials and is designed to study, evaluate, or otherwise examine:
p.000969: (i) Public benefit of service programs;
p.000969: (ii) procedures for obtaining benefits or services under those programs; (iii) possible changes in or
...
Social / employees
Searching for indicator employees:
(return to top)
p.000961: 225.112 Review by institution.
p.000961: 225.113 Suspension or termination of IRB approval of research.
p.000961: 225.114 Cooperative research.
p.000961: 225.115 IRB records.
p.000961: 225.116 General requirements for informed consent.
p.000961: 225.117 Documentation of informed consent.
p.000961: 225.118 Applications and proposals lacking definite plans for involvement of human subjects.
p.000961: 225.119 Research undertaken without the in- tention of involving human subjects.
p.000961: 225.120 Evaluation and disposition of appli- cations and proposals for research to be conducted or
p.000961: supported by a Federal De- partment or Agency.
p.000961: 225.121 [Reserved]
p.000961: 225.122 Use of Federal funds.
p.000961: 225.123 Early termination of research sup- port: Evaluation of applications and pro- posals.
p.000961: 225.124 Conditions.
p.000961: AUTHORITY: 5 U.S.C. 301; 42 U.S.C. 300v–1(b),
p.000961: unless otherwise noted.
p.000961: SOURCE: 56 FR 28012, 28020, June 18, 1991,
p.000961: unless otherwise noted.
p.000961:
p.000961: § 225.101 To what does this policy apply?
p.000961: (a) Except as provided in paragraph
p.000961: (b) of this section, this policy applies to all research involving human sub- jects conducted, supported or
p.000961: otherwise subject to regulation by any federal de- partment or agency which takes appro- priate administrative action
p.000961: to make the policy applicable to such research. This includes research conducted by federal civilian
p.000961: employees or military personnel, except that each department or agency head may adopt such proce- dural
p.000961: modifications as may be appro- priate from an administrative stand- point. It also includes
p.000961: research con- ducted, supported, or otherwise subject to regulation by the federal govern- ment outside the
p.000961: United States.
p.000961: (1) Research that is conducted or sup-
p.000961: ported by a federal department or agency, whether or not it is regulated as defined in § 225.102(e),
p.000961: must comply with all sections of this policy.
p.000961: (2) Research that is neither con- ducted nor supported by a federal de- partment or agency but is
p.000961: subject to
p.000961: 22 CFR Ch. II (4–1–03 Edition)
p.000961: regulation as defined in § 225.102(e) must be reviewed and approved, in compliance with §§
p.000961: 225.101, 225.102, and
p.000961: §§ 225.107 through 225.117 of this policy, by an institutional review board (IRB) that operates in
p.000961: accordance with the pertinent requirements of this policy.
p.000961: (b) Unless otherwise required by de- partment or agency heads, research ac- tivities in which the only
p.000961: involvement of human subjects will be in one or more of the following categories are exempt from this
p.000961: policy:
p.000961: (1) Research conducted in established or commonly accepted educational set- tings, involving normal
p.000961: educational practices, such as (i) research on reg- ular and special education instruc- tional
...
p.000964: (ii) for determining which projects re- quire review more often than annually and which projects need
p.000964: verification from sources other than the investiga- tors that no material changes have oc- curred since
p.000964: previous IRB review; and
p.000964: (iii) for ensuring prompt reporting to the IRB of proposed changes in a re- search activity, and for
p.000964: ensuring that such changes in approved research, during the period for which IRB ap- proval has
p.000964: already been given, may not be initiated without IRB review and approval except when necessary to
p.000964: eliminate apparent immediate hazards to the subject.
p.000964: (5) Written procedures for ensuring prompt reporting to the IRB, appro- priate institutional
p.000964: officials, and the department or agency head of (i) any unanticipated problems involving risks to subjects or
p.000964: others or any serious or continuing noncompliance with this
p.000965: 965
p.000965:
p.000965:
p.000965:
p.000965:
p.000965:
p.000965:
p.000965:
p.000965:
p.000965: §§ 225.104–225.106
p.000965: policy or the requirements or deter- minations of the IRB and (ii) any sus- pension or termination
p.000965: of IRB ap- proval.
p.000965: (c) The assurance shall be executed by an individual authorized to act for the institution and to assume on
p.000965: behalf of the institution the obligations im- posed by this policy and shall be filed in such form and
p.000965: manner as the depart- ment or agency head prescribes.
p.000965: (d) The department or agency head will evaluate all assurances submitted in accordance with this policy
p.000965: through such officers and employees of the de- partment or agency and such experts or consultants engaged
p.000965: for this purpose as the department or agency head de- termines to be appropriate. The depart- ment or agency
p.000965: head’s evaluation will take into consideration the adequacy of the proposed IRB in light of the an-
p.000965: ticipated scope of the institution’s re- search activities and the types of sub- ject populations likely
p.000965: to be involved, the appropriateness of the proposed ini- tial and continuing review procedures in light of the
p.000965: probable risks, and the size and complexity of the institution.
p.000965: (e) On the basis of this evaluation,
p.000965: the department or agency head may approve or disapprove the assurance, or enter into negotiations to
p.000965: develop an approvable one. The department or agency head may limit the period dur- ing which any
p.000965: particular approved as- surance or class of approved assurances shall remain effective or otherwise condition
p.000965: or restrict approval.
p.000965: (f) Certification is required when the research is supported by a federal de- partment or agency and not
p.000965: otherwise exempted or waived under § 225.101 (b) or (i). An institution with an approved assurance shall
p.000965: certify that each appli- cation or proposal for research covered by the assurance and by § 225.103 of this Policy has
p.000965: been reviewed and approved by the IRB. Such certification must be submitted with the application or pro- posal
p.000965: or by such later date as may be prescribed by the department or agen- cy to which the application or
p.000965: proposal is submitted. Under no condition shall research covered by § 225.103 of the Pol- icy be supported prior
...
p.000970: projects in which human subjects’ involvement will depend upon completion of instruments, prior ani- mal
p.000970: studies, or purification of com- pounds. These applications need not be reviewed by an IRB before an
p.000970: award may be made. However, except for re- search exempted or waived under
p.000970: § 225.101 (b) or (i), no human subjects
p.000970: may be involved in any project sup- ported by these awards until the project has been reviewed and
p.000970: approved by the IRB, as provided in this policy, and certification submitted, by the in- stitution, to the
p.000970: department or agency.
p.000970:
p.000970: § 225.119 Research undertaken with- out the intention of involving human subjects.
p.000970: In the event research is undertaken without the intention of involving human subjects, but it
p.000970: is later pro- posed to involve human subjects in the research, the research shall first be re- viewed and approved
p.000970: by an IRB, as pro- vided in this policy, a certification sub- mitted, by the institution, to the de- partment or
p.000970: agency, and final approval given to the proposed change by the de- partment or agency.
p.000971: 971
p.000971:
p.000971:
p.000971:
p.000971:
p.000971:
p.000971:
p.000971:
p.000971:
p.000971: § 225.120
p.000971:
p.000971: § 225.120 Evaluation and disposition of applications and proposals for re- search to be conducted or
p.000971: sup- ported by a Federal Department or Agency.
p.000971: The department or agency head will evaluate all applications and proposals involving human subjects submitted
p.000971: to the department or agency through such officers and employees of the depart- ment or agency and such
p.000971: experts and consultants as the department or agen- cy head determines to be appropriate. This evaluation will
p.000971: take into consid- eration the risks to the subjects, the adequacy of protection against these risks,
p.000971: the potential benefits of the re- search to the subjects and others, and the importance of the
p.000971: knowledge gained or to be gained.
p.000971: (b) On the basis of this evaluation, the department or agency head may approve or disapprove the
p.000971: application or proposal, or enter into negotiations to develop an approvable one.
p.000971: § 225.121 [Reserved]
p.000971: § 225.122 Use of Federal funds.
p.000971: Federal funds administered by a de- partment or agency may not be ex- pended for research involving
p.000971: human subjects unless the requirements of this policy have been satisfied.
p.000971: § 225.123 Early termination of re- search support: Evaluation of appli- cations and proposals.
p.000971: (a) The department or agency head may require that department or agency support for any project be terminated
p.000971: or suspended in the manner prescribed in applicable program requirements, when the department or agency
p.000971: head finds an institution has materially failed to comply with the terms of this policy.
p.000971: (b) In making decisions about sup- porting or approving applications or proposals covered by this policy
p.000971: the de- partment or agency head may take into account, in addition to all other eligibility
p.000971: requirements and program criteria, factors such as whether the applicant has been subject to a termi-
...
Social / gender
Searching for indicator gender:
(return to top)
p.000965: certify that each appli- cation or proposal for research covered by the assurance and by § 225.103 of this Policy has
p.000965: been reviewed and approved by the IRB. Such certification must be submitted with the application or pro- posal
p.000965: or by such later date as may be prescribed by the department or agen- cy to which the application or
p.000965: proposal is submitted. Under no condition shall research covered by § 225.103 of the Pol- icy be supported prior
p.000965: to receipt of the certification that the research has been reviewed and approved by the IRB. In- stitutions
p.000965: without an approved assur-
p.000965: 22 CFR Ch. II (4–1–03 Edition)
p.000965: ance covering the research shall certify within 30 days after receipt of a request for such a certification from
p.000965: the de- partment or agency, that the applica- tion or proposal has been approved by the IRB. If the
p.000965: certification is not sub- mitted within these time limits, the application or proposal may be re- turned
p.000965: to the institution.
p.000965: (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 9999–0020)
p.000965: [56 FR 28012, 28020, June 18, 1991; 56 FR 29756,
p.000965: June 28, 1991]
p.000965: §§ 225.104–225.106 [Reserved]
p.000965: § 225.107 IRB membership.
p.000965: (a) Each IRB shall have at least five members, with varying backgrounds to promote complete and adequate review
p.000965: of research activities commonly con- ducted by the institution. The IRB shall be sufficiently
p.000965: qualified through the experience and expertise of its members, and the diversity of the members,
p.000965: including consideration of race, gender, and cultural backgrounds and sensitivity to such issues as com-
p.000965: munity attitudes, to promote respect for its advice and counsel in safe- guarding the rights and
p.000965: welfare of human subjects. In addition to pos- sessing the professional competence necessary to
p.000965: review specific research activities, the IRB shall be able to as- certain the acceptability of
p.000965: proposed research in terms of institutional com- mitments and regulations, applicable law, and standards of
p.000965: professional con- duct and practice. The IRB shall there- fore include persons knowledgeable in these areas. If an
p.000965: IRB regularly reviews research that involves a vulnerable category of subjects, such as children,
p.000965: prisoners, pregnant women, or handi- capped or mentally disabled persons, consideration shall be given
p.000965: to the in- clusion of one or more individuals who are knowledgeable about and experi- enced in working
p.000965: with these subjects.
p.000965: (b) Every nondiscriminatory effort will be made to ensure that no IRB consists entirely of men or
p.000965: entirely of women, including the institution’s con- sideration of qualified persons of both sexes, so long as
p.000965: no selection is made to the IRB on the basis of gender. No IRB may consist entirely of members of one
p.000965: profession.
p.000966: 966
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966: Agency for International Development § 225.110
p.000966:
p.000966:
p.000966: (c) Each IRB shall include at least one member whose primary concerns are in scientific areas and at
p.000966: least one member whose primary concerns are in nonscientific areas.
p.000966: (d) Each IRB shall include at least one member who is not otherwise affili- ated with the institution and
p.000966: who is not part of the immediate family of a person who is affiliated with the insti- tution.
p.000966: (e) No IRB may have a member par- ticipate in the IRB’s initial or con- tinuing review of any
p.000966: project in which the member has a conflicting interest, except to provide information re- quested by
p.000966: the IRB.
p.000966: (f) An IRB may, in its discretion, in- vite individuals with competence in special areas to assist
p.000966: in the review of issues which require expertise beyond or in addition to that available on the IRB.
p.000966: These individuals may not vote with the IRB.
p.000966: § 225.108 IRB functions and oper- ations.
p.000966: In order to fulfill the requirements of this policy each IRB shall:
p.000966: (a) Follow written procedures in the same detail as described in
p.000966: § 225.103(b)(4) and, to the extent re- quired by, § 225.103(b)(5).
p.000966: (b) Except when an expedited review procedure is used (see § 225.110), review proposed research at
...
General/Other / Public Emergency
Searching for indicator emergency:
(return to top)
p.000969: for benefits or services under those programs; and
p.000969: (2) The research could not prac- ticably be carried out without the waiver or alteration.
p.000969: (d) An IRB may approve a consent procedure which does not include, or which alters, some or all of the
p.000969: ele- ments of informed consent set forth in this section, or waive the requirements to obtain informed
p.000969: consent provided the IRB finds and documents that:
p.000969: (1) The research involves no more than minimal risk to the subjects;
p.000969: (2) The waiver or alteration will not adversely affect the rights and welfare of the subjects;
p.000969: (3) The research could not prac- ticably be carried out without the waiver or alteration; and
p.000969: (4) Whenever appropriate, the sub- jects will be provided with additional pertinent information after
p.000969: participa- tion.
p.000969: (e) The informed consent require- ments in this policy are not intended to preempt any
p.000969: applicable federal, state, or local laws which require addi- tional information to be disclosed in order for
p.000969: informed consent to be le- gally effective.
p.000969: (f) Nothing in this policy is intended to limit the authority of a physician to provide emergency medical care,
p.000969: to the extent the physician is permitted to do so under applicable federal, state, or local law.
p.000969: (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 9999–0020)
p.000970: 970
p.000970:
p.000970:
p.000970:
p.000970:
p.000970:
p.000970:
p.000970:
p.000970: Agency for International Development § 225.119
p.000970:
p.000970:
p.000970: § 225.117 Documentation of informed consent.
p.000970: (a) Except as provided in paragraph
p.000970: (c) of this section, informed consent shall be documented by the use of a written consent form
p.000970: approved by the IRB and signed by the subject or the subject’s legally authorized representa- tive. A copy
p.000970: shall be given to the per- son signing the form.
p.000970: (b) Except as provided in paragraph
p.000970: (c) of this section, the consent form may be either of the following:
p.000970: (1) A written consent document that embodies the elements of informed consent required by § 225.116. This
p.000970: form may be read to the subject or the sub- ject’s legally authorized representa- tive, but in any event,
p.000970: the investigator shall give either the subject or the rep- resentative adequate opportunity to read it before it
p.000970: is signed; or
...
General/Other / Relationship to Authority
Searching for indicator authority:
(return to top)
p.000961: A.I.D. Administrator.
p.000961: § 224.42 Judicial review.
p.000961: Section 3805 of title 31, United States Code, authorizes judicial review by an appropriate United States
p.000961: District Court of a final decision of the A.I.D. Administrator imposing penalties or assessments under
p.000961: this part and speci- fies the procedures for such review.
p.000961:
p.000961: § 224.43 Collection of civil penalties and assessments.
p.000961: Sections 3806 and 3808(b) of title 31, United States Code, authorize actions for collection of civil
p.000961: penalties and as- sessments imposed under this part and specify the procedures for such actions.
p.000961: § 224.44 Right to administrative offset.
p.000961: The amount of any penalty or assess- ment which has become final, or for which a judgment has been
p.000961: entered under § 224.42 or § 224.43, or any amount agreed upon in a compromise or settle- ment under § 224.46,
p.000961: may be collected by administrative offset under 31
p.000961: U.S.C. 3716, except that an administra- tive offset may not be made under the subsection against a
p.000961: refund of an over- payment of Federal taxes, then or later owning by the United States to the de- fendant.
p.000961:
p.000961: § 224.45 Deposit in Treasury of United States.
p.000961: All amounts collected pursuant to this part shall be deposited as miscella- neous receipts in the Treasury
p.000961: of the United States, except as provided in 31
p.000961: U.S.C. 3806(g).
p.000961: § 224.46 Compromise or settlement.
p.000961: (a) Parties may make offers of com- promise or settlement at any time.
p.000961:
p.000961: (b) The reviewing official has the ex- clusive authority to compromise or settle a case under this
p.000961: part at any time after the date on which the re- viewing official is permitted to issue a complaint and
p.000961: before the date on which the ALJ issues an initial decision.
p.000961: (c) The A.I.D. Administrator has ex- clusive authority to compromise or settle a case under this part
p.000961: at any time after the date on which the ALJ issues an initial decision, except during pendency of any review
p.000961: under § 224.42 or during the pendency of any action to collect penalties and assessments under §
p.000961: 224.43.
p.000961: (d) The Attorney General has exclu- sive authority to compromise or settle a case under this part during the
p.000961: pend- ency of any review under § 224.42 or of any action to recover penalties and as- sessments under 31 U.S.C.
p.000961: 3806.
p.000961: (e) The investigating official may recommend settlement terms to the re- viewing official, the A.I.D.
p.000961: Adminis- trator, or the Attorney General, as ap- propriate. The reviewing official may recommend settlement
p.000961: terms to the
p.000961: A.I.D. Administrator, or the Attorney General, as appropriate.
p.000961: (f) Any compromise or settlement must be in writing.
p.000961: § 224.47 Limitations.
p.000961: (a) The notice of hearing with respect to a claim or statement must be served in the manner specified in § 224.8 within
p.000961: 6 years after the date on which such claim or statement is made.
p.000961: (b) If the defendant fails to file a timely answer, service of a notice under § 224.10(b)
p.000961: shall be deemed notice of hearing for purposes of this section.
p.000961: (c) The statute of limitations may be extended by agreement of the parties.
p.000961:
p.000961: PART 225—PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS
p.000961: Sec.
p.000961: 225.101 To what does this policy apply?
p.000961: 225.102 Definitions.
p.000961: 225.103 Assuring compliance with this policy—research conducted or supported by any Federal
p.000961: Department or Agency.
p.000961: 225.104–225.106 [Reserved]
p.000961: 225.107 IRB membership.
p.000961: 225.108 IRB functions and operations.
p.000961: 225.109 IRB review of research.
p.000961: 961
p.000961:
p.000961:
p.000961:
p.000961:
p.000961:
p.000961:
p.000961:
p.000961:
p.000961: § 225.101
p.000961: 225.110 Expedited review procedures for cer- tain kinds of research involving no more than minimal risk,
p.000961: and for minor changes in approved research.
p.000961: 225.111 Criteria for IRB approval of re- search.
p.000961: 225.112 Review by institution.
p.000961: 225.113 Suspension or termination of IRB approval of research.
p.000961: 225.114 Cooperative research.
p.000961: 225.115 IRB records.
p.000961: 225.116 General requirements for informed consent.
p.000961: 225.117 Documentation of informed consent.
p.000961: 225.118 Applications and proposals lacking definite plans for involvement of human subjects.
p.000961: 225.119 Research undertaken without the in- tention of involving human subjects.
p.000961: 225.120 Evaluation and disposition of appli- cations and proposals for research to be conducted or
p.000961: supported by a Federal De- partment or Agency.
p.000961: 225.121 [Reserved]
p.000961: 225.122 Use of Federal funds.
p.000961: 225.123 Early termination of research sup- port: Evaluation of applications and pro- posals.
p.000961: 225.124 Conditions.
p.000961: AUTHORITY: 5 U.S.C. 301; 42 U.S.C. 300v–1(b),
p.000961: unless otherwise noted.
p.000961: SOURCE: 56 FR 28012, 28020, June 18, 1991,
p.000961: unless otherwise noted.
p.000961:
p.000961: § 225.101 To what does this policy apply?
p.000961: (a) Except as provided in paragraph
p.000961: (b) of this section, this policy applies to all research involving human sub- jects conducted, supported or
p.000961: otherwise subject to regulation by any federal de- partment or agency which takes appro- priate administrative action
p.000961: to make the policy applicable to such research. This includes research conducted by federal civilian
p.000961: employees or military personnel, except that each department or agency head may adopt such proce- dural
p.000961: modifications as may be appro- priate from an administrative stand- point. It also includes
p.000961: research con- ducted, supported, or otherwise subject to regulation by the federal govern- ment outside the
p.000961: United States.
p.000961: (1) Research that is conducted or sup-
p.000961: ported by a federal department or agency, whether or not it is regulated as defined in § 225.102(e),
p.000961: must comply with all sections of this policy.
p.000961: (2) Research that is neither con- ducted nor supported by a federal de- partment or agency but is
p.000961: subject to
p.000961: 22 CFR Ch. II (4–1–03 Edition)
p.000961: regulation as defined in § 225.102(e) must be reviewed and approved, in compliance with §§
p.000961: 225.101, 225.102, and
p.000961: §§ 225.107 through 225.117 of this policy, by an institutional review board (IRB) that operates in
...
p.000962: when otherwise required by statute or Executive Order, the de- partment or agency head shall forward advance
p.000962: notices of these actions to the Office for Protection from Research Risks, Department of Health and
p.000962: Human Services (HHS), and shall also publish them in the FEDERAL REGISTER or in such other manner as provided in
p.000962: department or agency procedures.1
p.000962: [56 FR 28012, 28020, June 18, 1991; 56 FR 29756,
p.000962: June 28, 1991]
p.000962:
p.000962: 1 Institutions with HHS-approved assur- ances on file will abide by provisions of title
p.000962: 45 CFR part 46 subparts A–D. Some of the other Departments and Agencies have incor- porated all provisions
p.000962: of title 45 CFR part 46 into their policies and procedures as well. However, the exemptions at 45 CFR
p.000962: part 46.101(b) do not apply to research involving prisoners, fetuses, pregnant women, or human in
p.000962: vitro fertilization, subparts B and
p.000962: Continued
p.000963: 963
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963:
p.000963: § 225.102
p.000963: § 225.102 Definitions.
p.000963: (a) Department or agency head means the head of any federal department or agency and any other officer
p.000963: or em- ployee of any department or agency to whom authority has been delegated.
p.000963: (b) Institution means any public or private entity or agency (including fed- eral, state, and other
p.000963: agencies).
p.000963: (c) Legally authorized representative means an individual or judicial or other body authorized under
p.000963: applicable law to consent on behalf of a prospec- tive subject to the subject’s participa- tion in the
p.000963: procedure(s) involved in the research.
p.000963: (d) Research means a systematic in- vestigation, including research devel- opment, testing and
p.000963: evaluation, de- signed to develop or contribute to gen- eralizable knowledge. Activities which meet this
p.000963: definition constitute re- search for purposes of this policy, whether or not they are conducted
p.000963: or supported under a program which is considered research for other purposes. For example, some
p.000963: demonstration and service programs may include research activities.
p.000963: (e) Research subject to regulation, and similar terms are intended to encom- pass those research activities
p.000963: for which a federal department or agency has specific responsibility for regulating as a research activity,
p.000963: (for example, In- vestigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Ad- ministration). It
p.000963: does not include re- search activities which are inciden- tally regulated by a federal department or
p.000963: agency solely as part of the depart- ment’s or agency’s broader responsi- bility to regulate certain
...
p.000966: (a) An IRB shall review and have au- thority to approve, require modifica- tions in (to secure
p.000966: approval), or dis- approve all research activities covered by this policy.
p.000966: (b) An IRB shall require that infor- mation given to subjects as part of in- formed consent is in
p.000966: accordance with
p.000966: § 225.116. The IRB may require that in- formation, in addition to that specifi- cally mentioned in §
p.000966: 225.116, be given to the subjects when in the IRB’s judg- ment the information would meaning-
p.000966:
p.000966: fully add to the protection of the rights and welfare of subjects.
p.000966: (c) An IRB shall require documenta- tion of informed consent or may waive documentation in accordance
p.000966: with
p.000966: § 225.117.
p.000966: (d) An IRB shall notify investigators and the institution in writing of its de- cision to approve or disapprove
p.000966: the pro- posed research activity, or of modifica- tions required to secure IRB approval of the research
p.000966: activity. If the IRB de- cides to disapprove a research activity, it shall include in its written notifica-
p.000966: tion a statement of the reasons for its decision and give the investigator an opportunity to respond in
p.000966: person or in writing.
p.000966: (e) An IRB shall conduct continuing review of research covered by this pol- icy at intervals appropriate
p.000966: to the de- gree of risk, but not less than once per year, and shall have authority to ob- serve or have a third
p.000966: party observe the consent process and the research.
p.000966: (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 9999–0020)
p.000966:
p.000966: § 225.110 Expedited review procedures for certain kinds of research involv- ing no more than minimal risk, and for
p.000966: minor changes in approved re- search.
p.000966: (a) The Secretary, HHS, has estab- lished, and published as a Notice in the FEDERAL REGISTER, a list of
p.000966: categories of research that may be reviewed by the IRB through an expedited review procedure. The list will
p.000966: be amended, as appropriate after consultation with other departments and agencies, through
p.000966: periodic republication by the Secretary, HHS, in the FEDERAL REG- ISTER. A copy of the list is available
p.000966: from the Office for Protection from Re- search Risks, National Institutes of Health, HHS, Bethesda,
p.000966: Maryland 20892.
p.000966: (b) An IRB may use the expedited re-
p.000966: view procedure to review either or both of the following:
p.000966: (1) Some or all of the research ap- pearing on the list and found by the re- viewer(s) to involve no more than
p.000966: mini- mal risk,
p.000966: (2) Minor changes in previously ap- proved research during the period (of one year or less) for which
p.000966: approval is authorized.
p.000967: 967
p.000967:
p.000967:
p.000967:
p.000967:
p.000967:
...
p.000967: collected to en- sure the safety of subjects.
p.000967: (7) When appropriate, there are ade- quate provisions to protect the privacy of subjects and to maintain the
p.000967: con- fidentiality of data.
p.000967: (b) When some or all of the subjects are likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence, such
p.000967: as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally
p.000967: disadvantaged persons, additional safeguards have been in- cluded in the study to protect the
p.000967: rights and welfare of these subjects.
p.000967: § 225.112 Review by institution.
p.000967: Research covered by this policy that has been approved by an IRB may be subject to further appropriate
p.000967: review and approval or disapproval by officials of the institution. However, those offi- cials may not approve the
p.000967: research if it has not been approved by an IRB.
p.000967:
p.000967: § 225.113 Suspension or termination of IRB approval of research.
p.000967: An IRB shall have authority to sus- pend or terminate approval of research that is not being conducted in
p.000967: accord- ance with the IRB’s requirements or that has been associated with unex- pected serious harm
p.000967: to subjects. Any suspension or termination of approval shall include a statement of the rea- sons for the
p.000967: IRB’s action and shall be reported promptly to the investigator,
p.000968: 968
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968: Agency for International Development § 225.116
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968: appropriate institutional officials, and the department or agency head.
p.000968: (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 9999–0020)
p.000968: § 225.114 Cooperative research.
p.000968: Cooperative research projects are those projects covered by this policy which involve more than one
p.000968: institu- tion. In the conduct of cooperative re- search projects, each institution is re- sponsible for
p.000968: safeguarding the rights and welfare of human subjects and for complying with this policy. With the
p.000968: approval of the department or agency head, an institution participating in a cooperative project may enter
p.000968: into a joint review arrangement, rely upon the review of another qualified IRB, or make similar
p.000968: arrangements for avoid- ing duplication of effort.
p.000968: § 225.115 IRB records.
p.000968: (a) An institution, or when appro- priate an IRB, shall prepare and main- tain adequate
p.000968: documentation of IRB activities, including the following:
...
p.000969: alternatives to those programs or procedures; or (iv) possible changes in methods or levels of payment
p.000969: for benefits or services under those programs; and
p.000969: (2) The research could not prac- ticably be carried out without the waiver or alteration.
p.000969: (d) An IRB may approve a consent procedure which does not include, or which alters, some or all of the
p.000969: ele- ments of informed consent set forth in this section, or waive the requirements to obtain informed
p.000969: consent provided the IRB finds and documents that:
p.000969: (1) The research involves no more than minimal risk to the subjects;
p.000969: (2) The waiver or alteration will not adversely affect the rights and welfare of the subjects;
p.000969: (3) The research could not prac- ticably be carried out without the waiver or alteration; and
p.000969: (4) Whenever appropriate, the sub- jects will be provided with additional pertinent information after
p.000969: participa- tion.
p.000969: (e) The informed consent require- ments in this policy are not intended to preempt any
p.000969: applicable federal, state, or local laws which require addi- tional information to be disclosed in order for
p.000969: informed consent to be le- gally effective.
p.000969: (f) Nothing in this policy is intended to limit the authority of a physician to provide emergency medical care,
p.000969: to the extent the physician is permitted to do so under applicable federal, state, or local law.
p.000969: (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 9999–0020)
p.000970: 970
p.000970:
p.000970:
p.000970:
p.000970:
p.000970:
p.000970:
p.000970:
p.000970: Agency for International Development § 225.119
p.000970:
p.000970:
p.000970: § 225.117 Documentation of informed consent.
p.000970: (a) Except as provided in paragraph
p.000970: (c) of this section, informed consent shall be documented by the use of a written consent form
p.000970: approved by the IRB and signed by the subject or the subject’s legally authorized representa- tive. A copy
p.000970: shall be given to the per- son signing the form.
p.000970: (b) Except as provided in paragraph
p.000970: (c) of this section, the consent form may be either of the following:
p.000970: (1) A written consent document that embodies the elements of informed consent required by § 225.116. This
p.000970: form may be read to the subject or the sub- ject’s legally authorized representa- tive, but in any event,
p.000970: the investigator shall give either the subject or the rep- resentative adequate opportunity to read it before it
p.000970: is signed; or
...
General/Other / declaration of helsinki
Searching for indicator helsinki:
(return to top)
p.000962: Protection Agency or the Food Safety and Inspec- tion Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
p.000962: (c) Department or agency heads re- tain final judgment as to whether a particular activity is
p.000962: covered by this policy.
p.000962: (d) Department or agency heads may require that specific research activities or classes of research
p.000962: activities con- ducted, supported, or otherwise subject to regulation by the department or agency but not
p.000962: otherwise covered by this policy, comply with some or all of the requirements of this policy.
p.000962: (e) Compliance with this policy re- quires compliance with pertinent fed- eral laws or regulations which
p.000962: provide additional protections for human sub- jects.
p.000962: (f) This policy does not affect any state or local laws or regulations which may otherwise be applicable and
p.000962: which provide additional protections for human subjects.
p.000962: (g) This policy does not affect any foreign laws or regulations which may otherwise be applicable and
p.000962: which pro- vide additional protections to human subjects of research.
p.000962:
p.000962: (h) When research covered by this policy takes place in foreign countries, procedures normally followed
p.000962: in the foreign countries to protect human subjects may differ from those set forth in this
p.000962: policy. [An example is a foreign institution which complies with guidelines consistent with the
p.000962: World Medical Assembly Declaration (Declaration of Helsinki amended 1989) issued either by sovereign
p.000962: states or by an organization whose function for the protection of human research subjects is
p.000962: internationally recognized.] In these circumstances, if a department or agency head determines that the
p.000962: proce- dures prescribed by the institution af- ford protections that are at least equivalent to
p.000962: those provided in this policy, the department or agency head may approve the substitution of the
p.000962: foreign procedures in lieu of the proce- dural requirements provided in this policy. Except when otherwise
p.000962: required by statute, Executive Order, or the de- partment or agency head, notices of these actions as
p.000962: they occur will be pub- lished in the FEDERAL REGISTER or will be otherwise published as provided in department
p.000962: or agency procedures.
p.000962: (i) Unless otherwise required by law,
p.000962: department or agency heads may waive the applicability of some or all of the provisions of this policy to
p.000962: specific re- search activities or classes of research activities otherwise covered by this policy. Except
p.000962: when otherwise required by statute or Executive Order, the de- partment or agency head shall forward advance
p.000962: notices of these actions to the Office for Protection from Research Risks, Department of Health and
p.000962: Human Services (HHS), and shall also publish them in the FEDERAL REGISTER or in such other manner as provided in
p.000962: department or agency procedures.1
p.000962: [56 FR 28012, 28020, June 18, 1991; 56 FR 29756,
p.000962: June 28, 1991]
p.000962:
...
Orphaned Trigger Words
p.000963: (1) data through intervention or interaction with the individual, or
p.000963: (2) identifiable private information.
p.000963: Intervention includes both physical pro- cedures by which data are gathered (for example, venipuncture) and
p.000963: manipula- tions of the subject or the subject’s en- vironment that are performed for re- search purposes.
p.000963: Interaction includes communication or interpersonal con- tact between investigator and subject. ‘‘Private
p.000963: information’’ includes infor- mation about behavior that occurs in a context in which an individual can rea- sonably
p.000963: expect that no observation or recording is taking place, and informa- tion which has been provided for spe-
p.000963: cific purposes by an individual and which the individual can reasonably expect will not be made
p.000963: public (for ex- ample, a medical record). Private infor- mation must be individually identifi- able (i.e., the
p.000963: identity of the subject is or may readily be ascertained by the investigator or associated with the in-
p.000963: formation) in order for obtaining the information to constitute research in- volving human subjects.
p.000963: (g) IRB means an institutional review board established in accord with and for the purposes expressed in this
p.000963: pol- icy.
p.000963: (h) IRB approval means the deter- mination of the IRB that the research has been reviewed and
p.000963: may be con- ducted at an institution within the constraints set forth by the IRB and by other
p.000963: institutional and federal require- ments.
p.000963: (i) Minimal risk means that the prob- ability and magnitude of harm or dis- comfort anticipated in the
p.000963: research are not greater in and of themselves than those ordinarily encountered in daily life or during
p.000963: the performance of rou- tine physical or psychological exami- nations or tests.
p.000963: (j) Certification means the official no- tification by the institution to the sup- porting department or agency,
p.000963: in ac- cordance with the requirements of this policy, that a research project or activ- ity involving human
p.000963: subjects has been reviewed and approved by an IRB in ac- cordance with an approved assurance.
p.000964: 964
p.000964:
p.000964:
p.000964:
p.000964:
p.000964:
p.000964:
p.000964:
p.000964: Agency for International Development § 225.103
p.000964:
p.000964:
p.000964: § 225.103 Assuring compliance with this policy—research conducted or supported by any Federal Depart-
p.000964: ment or Agency.
p.000964: (a) Each institution engaged in re- search which is covered by this policy and which is conducted or
p.000964: supported by a federal department or agency shall provide written assurance satisfactory to the department or
p.000964: agency head that it will comply with the requirements set forth in this policy. In lieu of re- quiring
p.000964: submission of an assurance, in- dividual department or agency heads shall accept the existence of a current
p.000964: assurance, appropriate for the research in question, on file with the Office for Protection from Research
p.000964: Risks, HHS, and approved for federalwide use by that office. When the existence of an HHS-approved
p.000964: assurance is accepted in lieu of requiring submission of an as- surance, reports (except certification)
p.000964: required by this policy to be made to department and agency heads shall also be made to the Office
p.000964: for Protec- tion from Research Risks, HHS.
p.000964: (b) Departments and agencies will conduct or support research covered by this policy only if the
p.000964: institution has an assurance approved as provided in this section, and only if the institution has certified
p.000964: to the department or agency head that the research has been reviewed and approved by an IRB pro- vided for
p.000964: in the assurance, and will be subject to continuing review by the IRB. Assurances applicable to
p.000964: federally supported or conducted research shall at a minimum include:
p.000964: (1) A statement of principles gov- erning the institution in the discharge of its responsibilities for
p.000964: protecting the rights and welfare of human subjects of research conducted at or sponsored by the institution,
p.000964: regardless of whether the research is subject to federal regu- lation. This may include an appro-
p.000964: priate existing code, declaration, or statement of ethical principles, or a statement formulated by
p.000964: the institu- tion itself. This requirement does not preempt provisions of this policy appli- cable to
p.000964: department- or agency-sup- ported or regulated research and need not be applicable to any research ex-
p.000964: empted or waived under § 225.101 (b) or (i).
p.000964:
p.000964: (2) Designation of one or more IRBs established in accordance with the re- quirements of this
p.000964: policy, and for which provisions are made for meeting space and sufficient staff to support the
p.000964: IRB’s review and recordkeeping du- ties.
p.000964: (3) A list of IRB members identified by name; earned degrees; representa- tive capacity; indications of
p.000964: experience such as board certifications, licenses, etc., sufficient to describe each mem- ber’s chief
p.000964: anticipated contributions to IRB deliberations; and any employ- ment or other relationship between each
p.000964: member and the institution; for example: full-time employee, part-time employee, member of governing panel or
p.000964: board, stockholder, paid or unpaid consultant. Changes in IRB member- ship shall be reported to the
p.000964: depart- ment or agency head, unless in accord with § 225.103(a) of this policy, the ex- istence of an
p.000964: HHS-approved assurance is accepted. In this case, change in IRB membership shall be reported to the Office
p.000964: for Protection from Research Risks, HHS.
p.000964: (4) Written procedures which the IRB will follow (i) for conducting its initial and continuing review of research
p.000964: and for reporting its findings and actions to the investigator and the institution;
p.000964: (ii) for determining which projects re- quire review more often than annually and which projects need
p.000964: verification from sources other than the investiga- tors that no material changes have oc- curred since
p.000964: previous IRB review; and
p.000964: (iii) for ensuring prompt reporting to the IRB of proposed changes in a re- search activity, and for
p.000964: ensuring that such changes in approved research, during the period for which IRB ap- proval has
p.000964: already been given, may not be initiated without IRB review and approval except when necessary to
p.000964: eliminate apparent immediate hazards to the subject.
p.000964: (5) Written procedures for ensuring prompt reporting to the IRB, appro- priate institutional
p.000964: officials, and the department or agency head of (i) any unanticipated problems involving risks to subjects or
p.000964: others or any serious or continuing noncompliance with this
p.000965: 965
p.000965:
p.000965:
p.000965:
p.000965:
p.000965:
p.000965:
p.000965:
p.000965:
p.000965: §§ 225.104–225.106
p.000965: policy or the requirements or deter- minations of the IRB and (ii) any sus- pension or termination
p.000965: of IRB ap- proval.
p.000965: (c) The assurance shall be executed by an individual authorized to act for the institution and to assume on
p.000965: behalf of the institution the obligations im- posed by this policy and shall be filed in such form and
...
p.000967: to subjects. Any suspension or termination of approval shall include a statement of the rea- sons for the
p.000967: IRB’s action and shall be reported promptly to the investigator,
p.000968: 968
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968: Agency for International Development § 225.116
p.000968:
p.000968:
p.000968: appropriate institutional officials, and the department or agency head.
p.000968: (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 9999–0020)
p.000968: § 225.114 Cooperative research.
p.000968: Cooperative research projects are those projects covered by this policy which involve more than one
p.000968: institu- tion. In the conduct of cooperative re- search projects, each institution is re- sponsible for
p.000968: safeguarding the rights and welfare of human subjects and for complying with this policy. With the
p.000968: approval of the department or agency head, an institution participating in a cooperative project may enter
p.000968: into a joint review arrangement, rely upon the review of another qualified IRB, or make similar
p.000968: arrangements for avoid- ing duplication of effort.
p.000968: § 225.115 IRB records.
p.000968: (a) An institution, or when appro- priate an IRB, shall prepare and main- tain adequate
p.000968: documentation of IRB activities, including the following:
p.000968: (1) Copies of all research proposals re- viewed, scientific evaluations, if any, that accompany the
p.000968: proposals, ap- proved sample consent documents, progress reports submitted by inves- tigators, and
p.000968: reports of injuries to sub- jects.
p.000968: (2) Minutes of IRB meetings which shall be in sufficient detail to show at- tendance at the meetings;
p.000968: actions taken by the IRB; the vote on these ac- tions including the number of members voting for, against, and
p.000968: abstaining; the basis for requiring changes in or dis- approving research; and a written sum- mary of the
p.000968: discussion of controverted issues and their resolution.
p.000968: (3) Records of continuing review ac-
p.000968: tivities.
p.000968: (4) Copies of all correspondence be- tween the IRB and the investigators.
p.000968: (5) A list of IRB members in the same detail as described is § 225.103(b)(3).
p.000968: (6) Written procedures for the IRB in the same detail as described in
p.000968: § 225.103(b)(4) and § 225.103(b)(5).
p.000968: (7) Statements of significant new findings provided to subjects, as re- quired by § 225.116(b)(5).
p.000968: (b) The records required by this pol- icy shall be retained for at least 3 years, and records
p.000968: relating to research
p.000968:
p.000968: which is conducted shall be retained for at least 3 years after completion of the research. All records
p.000968: shall be acces- sible for inspection and copying by au- thorized representatives of the depart- ment or
p.000968: agency at reasonable times and in a reasonable manner.
p.000968: (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 9999–0020)
p.000968:
p.000968: § 225.116 General requirements for in- formed consent.
p.000968: Except as provided elsewhere in this policy, no investigator may involve a human being as a subject in
...
p.000969: to the extent the physician is permitted to do so under applicable federal, state, or local law.
p.000969: (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 9999–0020)
p.000970: 970
p.000970:
p.000970:
p.000970:
p.000970:
p.000970:
p.000970:
p.000970:
p.000970: Agency for International Development § 225.119
p.000970:
p.000970:
p.000970: § 225.117 Documentation of informed consent.
p.000970: (a) Except as provided in paragraph
p.000970: (c) of this section, informed consent shall be documented by the use of a written consent form
p.000970: approved by the IRB and signed by the subject or the subject’s legally authorized representa- tive. A copy
p.000970: shall be given to the per- son signing the form.
p.000970: (b) Except as provided in paragraph
p.000970: (c) of this section, the consent form may be either of the following:
p.000970: (1) A written consent document that embodies the elements of informed consent required by § 225.116. This
p.000970: form may be read to the subject or the sub- ject’s legally authorized representa- tive, but in any event,
p.000970: the investigator shall give either the subject or the rep- resentative adequate opportunity to read it before it
p.000970: is signed; or
p.000970: (2) A short form written consent doc- ument stating that the elements of in- formed consent required by §
p.000970: 225.116 have been presented orally to the sub- ject or the subject’s legally authorized representative.
p.000970: When this method is used, there shall be a witness to the oral presentation. Also, the IRB shall
p.000970: approve a written summary of what is to be said to the subject or the rep- resentative. Only the short
p.000970: form itself is to be signed by the subject or the representative. However, the witness shall sign
p.000970: both the short form and a copy of the summary, and the person actually obtaining consent shall sign a copy
p.000970: of the summary. A copy of the summary shall be given to the subject or the representative, in addition
p.000970: to a copy of the short form.
p.000970: (c) An IRB may waive the require- ment for the investigator to obtain a signed consent form for
p.000970: some or all subjects if it finds either:
p.000970: (1) That the only record linking the subject and the research would be the consent document and the
p.000970: principal risk would be potential harm resulting from a breach of confidentiality. Each subject will be
p.000970: asked whether the sub- ject wants documentation linking the subject with the research, and the sub- ject’s
p.000970: wishes will govern; or
p.000970: (2) That the research presents no more than minimal risk of harm to subjects and involves no
p.000970: procedures for
p.000970:
p.000970: which written consent is normally re- quired outside of the research context. In cases in which the
p.000970: documentation requirement is waived, the IRB may re- quire the investigator to provide sub- jects with a
p.000970: written statement regard-
p.000970: ing the research.
p.000970: (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 9999–0020)
p.000970:
p.000970: § 225.118 Applications and proposals lacking definite plans for involve- ment of human subjects.
p.000970: Certain types of applications for grants, cooperative agreements, or con- tracts are submitted to
p.000970: departments or agencies with the knowledge that sub- jects may be involved within the period of support, but
p.000970: definite plans would not normally be set forth in the applica- tion or proposal. These include activi- ties
p.000970: such as institutional type grants when selection of specific projects is the institution’s
p.000970: responsibility; re- search training grants in which the ac- tivities involving subjects remain to be selected; and
p.000970: projects in which human subjects’ involvement will depend upon completion of instruments, prior ani- mal
p.000970: studies, or purification of com- pounds. These applications need not be reviewed by an IRB before an
p.000970: award may be made. However, except for re- search exempted or waived under
p.000970: § 225.101 (b) or (i), no human subjects
p.000970: may be involved in any project sup- ported by these awards until the project has been reviewed and
p.000970: approved by the IRB, as provided in this policy, and certification submitted, by the in- stitution, to the
p.000970: department or agency.
p.000970:
p.000970: § 225.119 Research undertaken with- out the intention of involving human subjects.
...
Appendix
Indicator List
| Indicator | Vulnerability |
|---|
| authority | Relationship to Authority |
| children | Child |
| cognitive | Cognitive Impairment |
| criminal | criminal |
| disabled | Mentally Disabled |
| drug | Drug Usage |
| education | education |
| educational | education |
| embryo | embryo |
| emergency | Public Emergency |
| employees | employees |
| family | Motherhood/Family |
| fetus | Fetus/Neonate |
| fetuses | Fetus/Neonate |
| gender | gender |
| helsinki | declaration of helsinki |
| influence | Drug Usage |
| language | Linguistic Proficiency |
| mentally | Mentally Disabled |
| military | Soldier |
| minor | Youth/Minors |
| nation | stateless persons |
| native | Indigenous |
| officer | Police Officer |
| party | political affiliation |
| pregnant | Pregnant |
| prisoners | Criminal Convictions |
| race | Racial Minority |
| student | Student |
| vulnerable | vulnerable |
| women | Women |
Indicator Peers (Indicators in Same Vulnerability)
| Indicator | Peers |
|---|
| disabled | ['mentally'] |
| drug | ['influence'] |
| education | ['educational'] |
| educational | ['education'] |
| fetus | ['fetuses'] |
| fetuses | ['fetus'] |
| influence | ['drug'] |
| mentally | ['disabled'] |
Trigger Words
capacity
coercion
consent
cultural
harm
protect
protection
risk
welfare
Applicable Type / Vulnerability / Indicator Overlay for this Input