79C3C34C52B45572883A05D425EB0F82
Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Articles 13 and 30
https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/7c4d08d9b287a42141256739003e63bb/6fef854a3517b75ac125641e004a9e68
http://leaux.net/URLS/ConvertAPI Text Files/392D926B3CEBA50E1842475231067CBB.en.txt
Examining the file media/Synopses/392D926B3CEBA50E1842475231067CBB.html:
This file was generated: 2020-12-01 09:23:37
| Indicators in focus are typically shown highlighted in yellow; |
Peer Indicators (that share the same Vulnerability association) are shown highlighted in pink; |
"Outside" Indicators (those that do NOT share the same Vulnerability association) are shown highlighted in green; |
Trigger Words/Phrases are shown highlighted in gray. |
Link to Orphaned Trigger Words (Appendix (Indicator List, Indicator Peers, Trigger Words, Type/Vulnerability/Indicator Overlay)
Applicable Type / Vulnerability / Indicator Overlay for this Input
Political / Criminal Convictions
Searching for indicator convict:
(return to top)
p.(None): punishment may be ordered only by an officer having disciplinary powers in his capacity as
p.(None): camp commander, or by a responsible officer who replaces him or to whom he has delegated
p.(None): his disciplinary powers.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In no case may such powers be delegated to a prisoner of war or be exercised by a prisoner of
p.(None): war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Before any disciplinary award is pronounced, the accused shall be given precise information
p.(None): regarding the offences of which he is accused, and given an opportunity of explaining his
p.(None): conduct and of defending himself. He shall be permitted, in particular, to call witnesses and to
p.(None): have recourse, if necessary, to the services of a qualified interpreter. The decision shall be
p.(None): announced to the accused prisoner of war and to the prisoners' representative.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A record of disciplinary punishments shall be maintained by the camp commander and shall be
p.(None): open to inspection by representatives of the Protecting Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 97. Prisoners of war shall not in any case be transferred to penitentiary establishments
p.(None): (prisons, penitentiaries, convict prisons, etc.) to undergo disciplinary punishment therein.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): All premises in which disciplinary punishments are undergone shall conform to the sanitary
p.(None): requirements set forth in Article 25. A prisoner of war undergoing punishment shall be enabled
p.(None): to keep himself in a state of cleanliness, in conformity with Article 29.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Officers and persons of equivalent status shall not be lodged in the same quarters as non-
p.(None): commissioned officers or men.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Women prisoners of war undergoing disciplinary punishment shall be confined in separate
p.(None): quarters from male prisoners of war and shall be under the immediate supervision of women.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 98. A prisoner of war undergoing confinement as a disciplinary punishment, shall continue to
p.(None): enjoy the benefits of.the provisions of this Convention except in so far as these are necessarily
p.(None): rendered inapplicable by the mere fact that he is confined. In no case may he be deprived of the
p.(None): benefits of the provisions of Articles 78 and 126.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A prisoner of war awarded disciplinary punishment may not be deprived of the prerogatives
p.(None): attached to his rank.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
Searching for indicator prisoners:
(return to top)
p.(None): By entering this website you agree that we use cookies in order to understand visitor preferences and keep improving our service. Learn more
p.(None): DONATE
p.(None): I ACCEPT
p.(None):
p.(None): INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS English
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Treaties, States Parties and Commentaries Advanced
p.(None):
p.(None): Search
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Treaties and Documents Convention (III) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War.
p.(None): Geneva Conventions of 1949 Geneva, 12 August 1949.
p.(None): and Additional Protocols, and
p.(None): their Commentaries
p.(None):
p.(None): By date Preamble
p.(None):
p.(None): By topic
p.(None): The undersigned Plenipotentiaries of the Governments represented at the Diplomatic
p.(None): By State Conference held at Geneva from April 21 to August 12, 1949, for the purpose of revising the
p.(None): Convention concluded at Geneva on July 27, 1929, relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of
p.(None): War, have agreed as follows:
p.(None): Historical Treaties and
p.(None): Documents Part I. General Provisions
p.(None): By date
p.(None): Art 1. The High Contracting Parties undertake to respect and to ensure respect for the present
p.(None): By topic
p.(None): Convention in all circumstances.
p.(None): By State
p.(None): Art 2. In addition to the provisions which shall be implemented in peace time, the present
p.(None): Convention shall apply to all cases of declared war or of any other armed conflict which may
p.(None): arise between two or more of the High Contracting Parties, even if the state of war is not
p.(None): recognized by one of them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Convention shall also apply to all cases of partial or total occupation of the territory of a
p.(None): High Contracting Party, even if the said occupation meets with no armed resistance.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Although one of the Powers in conflict may not be a party to the present Convention, the Powers
p.(None): who are parties thereto shall remain bound by it in their mutual relations. They shall furthermore
p.(None): be bound by the Convention in relation to the said Power, if the latter accepts and applies the
p.(None): provisions thereof.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 3. In the case of armed conflict not of an international character occurring in the territory of
p.(None): one of the High Contracting Parties, each Party to the conflict shall be bound to apply, as a
p.(None): minimum, the following
p.(None): provisions:
...
p.(None): other cause, shall in all circumstances be treated humanely, without any adverse distinction
p.(None): founded on race, colour, religion or faith, sex, birth or wealth, or any other similar criteria. To this
p.(None): end the following acts are and shall remain prohibited at any time and in any place whatsoever
p.(None): with respect to the above-mentioned persons:
p.(None): (a) violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds, mutilation, cruel treatment and
p.(None): torture;
p.(None): (b) taking of hostages;
p.(None): (c) outrages upon personal dignity, in particular, humiliating and degrading treatment;
p.(None): (d) the passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgment
p.(None): pronounced by a regularly constituted court affording all the judicial guarantees which are
p.(None): recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples.
p.(None): (2) The wounded and sick shall be collected and cared for.
p.(None): An impartial humanitarian body, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, may
p.(None): offer its services to the Parties to the conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Parties to the conflict should further endeavour to bring into force, by means of special
p.(None): agreements, all or part of the other provisions of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The application of the preceding provisions shall not affect the legal status of the Parties to the
p.(None): conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 4. A. Prisoners of war, in the sense of the present Convention, are persons belonging to one
p.(None): of the following categories, who have fallen into the power of the enemy:
p.(None): (1) Members of the armed forces of a Party to the conflict, as well as members of militias or
p.(None): volunteer corps forming part of such armed forces.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Members of other militias and members of other volunteer corps, including those of
p.(None): organized resistance movements, belonging to a Party to the conflict and operating in or outside
p.(None): their own territory, even if this territory is occupied, provided that such militias or volunteer corps,
p.(None): including such organized resistance movements, fulfil the following conditions:
p.(None): (a) that of being commanded by a person responsible for his subordinates;
p.(None): (b) that of having a fixed distinctive sign recognizable at a distance;
p.(None): (c) that of carrying arms openly;
p.(None): (d) that of conducting their operations in accordance with the laws and customs of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Members of regular armed forces who profess allegiance to a government or an authority not
p.(None): recognized by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (4) Persons who accompany the armed forces without actually being members thereof, such as
p.(None): civilian members of military aircraft crews, war correspondents, supply contractors, members of
p.(None): labour units or of services responsible for the welfare of the armed forces, provided that they
p.(None): have received authorization, from the armed forces which they accompany, who shall provide
p.(None): them for that purpose with an identity card similar to the annexed model.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (5) Members of crews, including masters, pilots and apprentices, of the merchant marine and
p.(None): the crews of civil aircraft of the Parties to the conflict, who do not benefit by more favourable
p.(None): treatment under any other provisions of international law.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (6) Inhabitants of a non-occupied territory, who on the approach of the enemy spontaneously
p.(None): take up arms to resist the invading forces, without having had time to form themselves into
p.(None): regular armed units, provided they carry arms openly and respect the laws and customs of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): B. The following shall likewise be treated as prisoners of war under the present Convention:
p.(None): (1) Persons belonging, or having belonged, to the armed forces of the occupied country, if the
p.(None): occupying Power considers it necessary by reason of such allegiance to intern them, even
p.(None): though it has originally liberated them while hostilities were going on outside the territory it
p.(None): occupies, in particular where such persons have made an unsuccessful attempt to rejoin the
p.(None): armed forces to which they belong and which are engaged in combat, or where they fail to
p.(None): comply with a summons made to them with a view to internment.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) The persons belonging to one of the categories enumerated in the present Article, who have
p.(None): been received by neutral or non-belligerent Powers on their territory and whom these Powers
p.(None): are required to intern under international law, without prejudice to any more favourable
p.(None): treatment which these Powers may choose to give and with the exception of Articles 8, 10, 15,
p.(None): 30, fifth paragraph, 58-67, 92, 126 and, where diplomatic relations exist between the Parties to
p.(None): the conflict and the neutral or non-belligerent Power concerned, those Articles concerning the
p.(None): Protecting Power. Where such diplomatic relations exist, the Parties to a conflict on whom these
p.(None): persons depend shall be allowed to perform towards them the functions of a Protecting Power
p.(None): as provided in the present Convention, without prejudice to the functions which these Parties
p.(None): normally exercise in conformity with diplomatic and consular usage and treaties.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): C. This Article shall in no way affect the status of medical personnel and chaplains as provided
p.(None): for in Article 33 of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 5. The present Convention shall apply to the persons referred to in Article 4 from the time
p.(None): they fall into the power of the enemy and until their final release and repatriation.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Should any doubt arise as to whether persons, having committed a belligerent act and having
p.(None): fallen into the hands of the enemy, belong to any of the categories enumerated in Article 4, such
p.(None): persons shall enjoy the protection of the present Convention until such time as their status has
p.(None): been determined by a competent tribunal.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 6. In addition to the agreements expressly provided for in Articles 10, 23, 28, 33, 60, 65, 66,
p.(None): 67, 72, 73, 75, 109, 110, 118, 119, 122 and 132, the High Contracting Parties may conclude
p.(None): other special agreements for all matters concerning which they may deem it suitable to make
p.(None): separate provision. No special agreement shall adversely affect the situation of prisoners of
p.(None): war, as defined by the present Convention, nor restrict the rights which it confers upon them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall continue to have the benefit of such agreements as long as the
p.(None): Convention is applicable to them, except where express provisions to the contrary are contained
p.(None): in the aforesaid or in subsequent agreements, or where more favourable measures have been
p.(None): taken with regard to them by one or other of the Parties to the conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 7. Prisoners of war may in no circumstances renounce in part or in entirety the rights
p.(None): secured to them by the present Convention, and by the special agreements referred to in the
p.(None): foregoing Article, if such there be.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 8. The present Convention shall be applied with the cooperation and under the scrutiny of
p.(None): the Protecting Powers whose duty it is to safeguard the interests of the Parties to the conflict.
p.(None): For this purpose, the Protecting Powers may appoint, apart from their diplomatic or consular
p.(None): staff, delegates from amongst their own nationals or the nationals of other neutral Powers. The
p.(None): said delegates shall be subject to the approval of the Power with which they are to carry out
p.(None): their duties.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Parties to the conflict shall facilitate to the greatest extent possible the task of the
p.(None): representatives or delegates of the Protecting Powers.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The representatives or delegates of the Protecting Powers shall not in any case exceed their
p.(None): mission under the present Convention. They shall, in particular, take account of the imperative
p.(None): necessities of security of the State wherein they carry out their duties.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 9. The provisions of the present Convention constitute no obstacle to the humanitarian
p.(None): activities which the International Committee of the Red Cross or any other impartial
p.(None): humanitarian organization may, subject to the consent of the Parties to the conflict concerned,
p.(None): undertake for the protection of prisoners of war and for their relief.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 10. The High Contracting Parties may at any time agree to entrust to an organization which
p.(None): offers all guarantees of impartiality and efficacy the duties incumbent on the Protecting Powers
p.(None): by virtue of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): When prisoners of war do not benefit or cease to benefit, no matter for what reason, by the
p.(None): activities of a Protecting Power or of an organization provided for in the first paragraph above,
p.(None): the Detaining Power shall request a neutral State, or such an organization, to undertake the
p.(None): functions performed under the present Convention by a Protecting Power designated by the
p.(None): Parties to a conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If protection cannot be arranged accordingly, the Detaining Power shall request or shall accept,
p.(None): subject to the provisions of this Article, the offer of the services of a humanitarian organization,
p.(None): such as the International Committee of the Red Cross to assume the humanitarian functions
p.(None): performed by Protecting Powers under the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any neutral Power or any organization invited by the Power concerned or offering itself for these
p.(None): purposes, shall be required to act with a sense of responsibility towards the Party to the conflict
p.(None): on which persons protected by the present Convention depend, and shall be required to furnish
p.(None): sufficient assurances that it is in a position to undertake the appropriate functions and to
p.(None): discharge them impartially.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No derogation from the preceding provisions shall be made by special agreements between
p.(None): Powers one of which is restricted, even temporarily, in its freedom to negotiate with the other
p.(None): Power or its allies by reason of military events, more particularly where the whole, or a
p.(None): substantial part, of the territory of the said Power is occupied.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Whenever in the present Convention mention is made of a Protecting Power, such mention
p.(None): applies to substitute organizations in the sense of the present Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 11. In cases where they deem it advisable in the interest of protected persons, particularly in
p.(None): cases of disagreement between the Parties to the conflict as to the application or interpretation
p.(None): of the provisions of the present Convention, the Protecting Powers shall lend their good offices
p.(None): with a view to settling the disagreement.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): For this purpose, each of the Protecting Powers may, either at the invitation of one Party or on
p.(None): its own initiative, propose to the Parties to the conflict a meeting of their representatives, and in
p.(None): particular of the authorities responsible for prisoners of war, possibly on neutral territory suitably
p.(None): chosen. The Parties to the conflict shall be bound to give effect to the proposals made to them
p.(None): for this purpose. The Protecting Powers may, if necessary, propose for approval by the Parties
p.(None): to the conflict a person belonging to a neutral Power, or delegated by the International
p.(None): Committee of the Red Cross, who shall be invited to take part in such a meeting.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part II. General Protection of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 12. Prisoners of war are in the hands of the enemy Power, but not of the individuals or
p.(None): military units who have captured them. Irrespective of the individual responsibilities that may
p.(None): exist, the Detaining Power is responsible for the treatment given them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war may only be transferred by the Detaining Power to a Power which is a party to
p.(None): the Convention and after the Detaining Power has satisfied itself of the willingness and ability of
p.(None): such transferee Power to apply the Convention. When prisoners of war are transferred under
p.(None): such circumstances, responsibility for the application of the Convention rests on the Power
p.(None): accepting them while they are in its custody.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Nevertheless, if that Power fails to carry out the provisions of the Convention in any important
p.(None): respect, the Power by whom the prisoners of war were transferred shall, upon being notified by
p.(None): the Protecting Power, take effective measures to correct the situation or shall request the return
p.(None): of the prisoners of war. Such requests must be complied with.
p.(None): Art 13. Prisoners of war must at all times be humanely treated. Any unlawful act or omission by
p.(None): the Detaining Power causing death or seriously endangering the health of a prisoner of war in
p.(None): its custody is prohibited, and will be regarded as a serious breach of the present Convention. In
p.(None): particular, no prisoner of war may be subjected to physical mutilation or to medical or scientific
p.(None): experiments of any kind which are not justified by the medical, dental or hospital treatment of
p.(None): the prisoner concerned and carried out in his interest.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Likewise, prisoners of war must at all times be protected, particularly against acts of violence or
p.(None): intimidation and against insults and public curiosity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Measures of reprisal against prisoners of war are prohibited.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 14. Prisoners of war are entitled in all circumstances to respect for their persons and their
p.(None): honour.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Women shall be treated with all the regard due to their sex and shall in all cases benefit by
p.(None): treatment as favourable as that granted to men.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall retain the full civil capacity which they enjoyed at the time of their capture.
p.(None): The Detaining Power may not restrict the exercise, either within or without its own territory, of the
p.(None): rights such capacity confers except in so far as the captivity requires.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 15. The Power detaining prisoners of war shall be bound to provide free of charge for their
p.(None): maintenance and for the medical attention required by their state of health.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 16. Taking into consideration the provisions of the present Convention relating to rank and
p.(None): sex, and subject to any privileged treatment which may be accorded to them by reason of their
p.(None): state of health, age or professional qualifications, all prisoners of war shall be treated alike by
p.(None): the Detaining Power, without any adverse distinction based on race, nationality, religious belief
p.(None): or political opinions, or any other distinction founded on similar criteria.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part III. Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section 1. Beginning of Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 17. Every prisoner of war, when questioned on the subject, is bound to give only his
p.(None): surname, first names and rank, date of birth, and army, regimental, personal or serial number, or
p.(None): failing this, equivalent information.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If he wilfully infringes this rule, he may render himself liable to a restriction of the privileges
p.(None): accorded to his rank or status.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Each Party to a conflict is required to furnish the persons under its jurisdiction who are liable to
p.(None): become prisoners of war, with an identity card showing the owner's surname, first names, rank,
p.(None): army, regimental, personal or serial number or equivalent information, and date of birth. The
p.(None): identity card may, furthermore, bear the signature or the fingerprints, or both, of the owner, and
p.(None): may bear, as well, any other information the Party to the conflict may wish to add concerning
p.(None): persons belonging to its armed forces. As far as possible the card shall measure 6.5 x 10 cm.
p.(None): and shall be issued in duplicate. The identity card shall be shown by the prisoner of war upon
p.(None): demand, but may in no case be taken away from him.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No physical or mental torture, nor any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on prisoners of
p.(None): war to secure from them information of any kind whatever. Prisoners of war who refuse to
p.(None): answer may not be threatened, insulted, or exposed to unpleasant or disadvantageous
p.(None): treatment of any kind.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who, owing to their physical or mental condition, are unable to state their
p.(None): identity, shall be handed over to the medical service. The identity of such prisoners shall be
p.(None): established by all possible means, subject to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The questioning of prisoners of war shall be carried out in a language which they understand.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 18. All effects and articles of personal use, except arms, horses, military equipment and
p.(None): military documents, shall remain in the possession of prisoners of war, likewise their metal
p.(None): helmets and gas masks and like articles issued for personal protection. Effects and articles used
p.(None): for their clothing or feeding shall likewise remain in their possession, even if such effects and
p.(None): articles belong to their regulation military equipment.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): At no time should prisoners of war be without identity documents. The Detaining Power shall
p.(None): supply such documents to prisoners of war who possess none.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Badges of rank and nationality, decorations and articles having above all a personal or
p.(None): sentimental value may not be taken from prisoners of war.
p.(None): Sums of money carried by prisoners of war may not be taken away from them except by order
p.(None): of an officer, and after the amount and particulars of the owner have been recorded in a special
p.(None): register and an itemized receipt has been given, legibly inscribed with the name, rank and unit
p.(None): of the person issuing the said receipt. Sums in the currency of the Detaining Power, or which
p.(None): are changed into such currency at the prisoner's request, shall be placed to the credit of the
p.(None): prisoner's account as provided in Article 64.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power may withdraw articles of value from prisoners of war only for reasons of
p.(None): security; when such articles are withdrawn, the procedure laid down for sums of money
p.(None): impounded shall apply.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Such objects, likewise sums taken away in any currency other than that of the Detaining Power
p.(None): and the conversion of which has not been asked for by the owners, shall be kept in the custody
p.(None): of the Detaining Power and shall be returned in their initial shape to prisoners of war at the end
p.(None): of their captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 19. Prisoners of war shall be evacuated, as soon as possible after their capture, to camps
p.(None): situated in an area far enough from the combat zone for them to be out of danger.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Only those prisoners of war who, owing to wounds or sickness, would run greater risks by being
p.(None): evacuated than by remaining where they are, may be temporarily kept back in a danger zone.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall not be unnecessarily exposed to danger while awaiting evacuation from a
p.(None): fighting zone.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 20. The evacuation of prisoners of war shall always be effected humanely and in conditions
p.(None): similar to those for the forces of the Detaining Power in their changes of station.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power shall supply prisoners of war who are being evacuated with sufficient food
p.(None): and potable water, and with the necessary clothing and medical attention. The Detaining Power
p.(None): shall take all suitable precautions to ensure their safety during evacuation, and shall establish
p.(None): as soon as possible a list of the prisoners of war who are evacuated.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If prisoners of war must, during evacuation, pass through transit camps, their stay in such
p.(None): camps shall be as brief as possible.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section II. Internment of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter I. General Observations
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 21. The Detaining Power may subject prisoners of war to internment. It may impose on them
p.(None): the obligation of not leaving, beyond certain limits, the camp where they are interned, or if the
p.(None): said camp is fenced in, of not going outside its perimeter. Subject to the provisions of the
p.(None): present Convention relative to penal and disciplinary sanctions, prisoners of war may not be
p.(None): held in close confinement except where necessary to safeguard their health and then only
p.(None): during the continuation of the circumstances which make such confinement necessary.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war may be partially or wholly released on parole or promise, in so far as is allowed
p.(None): by the laws of the Power on which they depend. Such measures shall be taken particularly in
p.(None): cases where this may contribute to the improvement of their state of health. No prisoner of war
p.(None): shall be compelled to accept liberty on parole or promise.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Upon the outbreak of hostilities, each Party to the conflict shall notify the adverse Party of the
p.(None): laws and regulations allowing or forbidding its own nationals to accept liberty on parole or
p.(None): promise. Prisoners of war who are paroled or who have given their promise in conformity with
p.(None): the laws and regulations so notified, are bound on their personal honour scrupulously to fulfil,
p.(None): both towards the Power on which they depend and towards the Power which has captured them,
p.(None): the engagements of their paroles or promises. In such cases, the Power on which they depend
p.(None): is bound neither to require nor to accept from them any service incompatible with the parole or
p.(None): promise given.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 22. Prisoners of war may be interned only in premises located on land and affording every
p.(None): guarantee of hygiene and healthfulness. Except in particular cases which are justified by the
p.(None): interest of the prisoners themselves, they shall not be interned in penitentiaries.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war interned in unhealthy areas, or where the climate is injurious for them, shall be
p.(None): removed as soon as possible to a more favourable climate.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power shall assemble prisoners of war in camps or camp compounds according
p.(None): to their nationality, language and customs, provided that such prisoners shall not be separated
p.(None): from prisoners of war belonging to the armed forces with which they were serving at the time of
p.(None): their capture, except with their consent.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 23. No prisoner of war may at any time be sent to, or detained in areas where he may be
p.(None): exposed to the fire of the combat zone, nor may his presence be used to render certain points
p.(None): or areas immune from military operations.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall have shelters against air bombardment and other hazards of war, to the
p.(None): same extent as the local civilian population. With the exception of those engaged in the
p.(None): protection of their quarters against the aforesaid hazards, they may enter such shelters as soon
p.(None): as possible after the giving of the alarm. Any other protective measure taken in favour of the
p.(None): population shall also apply to them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Detaining Powers shall give the Powers concerned, through the intermediary of the Protecting
p.(None): Powers, all useful information regarding the geographical location of prisoner of war camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Whenever military considerations permit, prisoner of war camps shall be indicated in the day-
p.(None): time by the letters PW or PG, placed so as to be clearly visible from the air. The Powers
p.(None): concerned may, however, agree upon any other system of marking. Only prisoner of war camps
p.(None): shall be marked as such.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 24. Transit or screening camps of a permanent kind shall be fitted out under conditions
p.(None): similar to those described in the present Section, and the prisoners therein shall have the same
p.(None): treatment as in other camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter II. Quarters, Food and Clothing of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 25. Prisoners of war shall be quartered under conditions as favourable as those for the
p.(None): forces of the Detaining Power who are billeted in the same area. The said conditions shall make
p.(None): allowance for the habits and customs of the prisoners and shall in no case be prejudicial to their
p.(None): health.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The foregoing provisions shall apply in particular to the dormitories of prisoners of war as
p.(None): regards both total surface and minimum cubic space, and the general installations, bedding and
p.(None): blankets.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The premises provided for the use of prisoners of war individually or collectively, shall be
p.(None): entirely protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted, in particular between
p.(None): dusk and lights out. All precautions must be taken against the danger of fire.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In any camps in which women prisoners of war, as well as men, are accommodated, separate
p.(None): dormitories shall be provided for them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 26. The basic daily food rations shall be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep
p.(None): prisoners of war in good health and to prevent loss of weight or the development of nutritional
p.(None): deficiencies. Account shall also be taken of the habitual diet of the prisoners.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power shall supply prisoners of war who work with such additional rations as are
p.(None): necessary for the labour on which they are employed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Sufficient drinking water shall be supplied to prisoners of war. The use of tobacco shall be
p.(None): permitted.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall, as far as possible, be associated with the preparation of their meals; they
p.(None): may be employed for that purpose in the kitchens. Furthermore, they shall be given the means
p.(None): of preparing, themselves, the additional food in their possession.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Adequate premises shall be provided for messing.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Collective disciplinary measures affecting food are prohibited.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 27. Clothing, underwear and footwear shall be supplied to prisoners of war in sufficient
p.(None): quantities by the Detaining Power, which shall make allowance for the climate of the region
p.(None): where the prisoners are detained. Uniforms of enemy armed forces captured by the Detaining
p.(None): Power should, if suitable for the climate, be made available to clothe prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The regular replacement and repair of the above articles shall be assured by the Detaining
p.(None): Power. In addition, prisoners of war who work shall receive appropriate clothing, wherever the
p.(None): nature of the work demands.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 28. Canteens shall be installed in all camps, where prisoners of war may procure foodstuffs,
p.(None): soap and tobacco and ordinary articles in daily use. The tariff shall never be in excess of local
p.(None): market prices.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The profits made by camp canteens shall be used for the benefit of the prisoners; a special fund
p.(None): shall be created for this purpose. The prisoners' representative shall have the right to
p.(None): collaborate in the management of the canteen and of this fund.
p.(None): When a camp is closed down, the credit balance of the special fund shall be handed to an
p.(None): international welfare organization, to be employed for the benefit of prisoners of war of the same
p.(None): nationality as those who have contributed to the fund. In case of a general repatriation, such
p.(None): profits shall be kept by the Detaining Power, subject to any agreement to the contrary between
p.(None): the Powers concerned.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter III. Hygene and Medical Attention
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 29. The Detaining Power shall be bound to take all sanitary measures necessary to ensure
p.(None): the cleanliness and healthfulness of camps and to prevent epidemics.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall have for their use, day and night, conveniences which conform to the
p.(None): rules of hygiene and are maintained in a constant state of cleanliness. In any camps in which
p.(None): women prisoners of war are accommodated, separate conveniences shall be provided for them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Also, apart from the baths and showers with which the camps shall be furnished prisoners of
p.(None): war shall be provided with sufficient water and soap for their personal toilet and for washing their
p.(None): personal laundry; the necessary installations, facilities and time shall be granted them for that
p.(None): purpose.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 30. Every camp shall have an adequate infirmary where prisoners of war may have the
p.(None): attention they require, as well as appropriate diet. Isolation wards shall, if necessary, be set
p.(None): aside for cases of contagious or mental disease.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war suffering from serious disease, or whose condition necessitates special
p.(None): treatment, a surgical operation or hospital care, must be admitted to any military or civilian
p.(None): medical unit where such treatment can be given, even if their repatriation is contemplated in the
p.(None): near future. Special facilities shall be afforded for the care to be given to the disabled, in
p.(None): particular to the blind, and for their. rehabilitation, pending repatriation.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall have the attention, preferably, of medical personnel of the Power on
p.(None): which they depend and, if possible, of their nationality.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war may not be prevented from presenting themselves to the medical authorities
p.(None): for examination. The detaining authorities shall, upon request, issue to every prisoner who has
p.(None): undergone treatment, an official certificate indicating the nature of his illness or injury, and the
p.(None): duration and kind of treatment received. A duplicate of this certificate shall be forwarded to the
p.(None): Central Prisoners of War Agency.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The costs of treatment, including those of any apparatus necessary for the maintenance of
p.(None): prisoners of war in good health, particularly dentures and other artificial appliances, and
p.(None): spectacles, shall be borne by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 31. Medical inspections of prisoners of war shall be held at least once a month. They shall
p.(None): include the checking and the recording of the weight of each prisoner of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Their purpose shall be, in particular, to supervise the general state of health, nutrition and
p.(None): cleanliness of prisoners and to detect contagious diseases, especially tuberculosis, malaria and
p.(None): venereal disease. For this purpose the most efficient methods available shall be employed, e.g.
p.(None): periodic mass miniature radiography for the early detection of tuberculosis.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 32. Prisoners of war who, though not attached to the medical service of their armed forces,
p.(None): are physicians, surgeons, dentists, nurses or medical orderlies, may be required by the
p.(None): Detaining Power to exercise their medical functions in the interests of prisoners of war
p.(None): dependent on the same Power. In that case they shall continue to be prisoners of war, but shall
p.(None): receive the same treatment as corresponding medical personnel retained by the Detaining
p.(None): Power. They shall be exempted from any other work under Article 49.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter IV. Medical Personnel and Chaplains Retained to Assist Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 33. Members of the medical personnel and chaplains while retained by the Detaining Power
p.(None): with a view to assisting prisoners of war, shall not be considered as prisoners of war. They shall,
p.(None): however, receive as a minimum the benefits and protection of the present Convention, and shall
p.(None): also be granted all facilities necessary to provide for the medical care of, and religious
p.(None): ministration to prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): They shall continue to exercise their medical and spiritual functions for the benefit of prisoners
p.(None): of war, preferably those belonging to the armed forces upon which they depend, within the
p.(None): scope of the military laws and regulations of the Detaining Power and under the control of its
p.(None): competent services, in accordance with their professional etiquette. They shall also benefit by
p.(None): the following facilities in the exercise of their medical
p.(None): or spiritual functions:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) They shall be authorized to visit periodically prisoners of war situated in working
p.(None): detachments or in hospitals outside the camp. For this purpose, the Detaining Power shall place
p.(None): at their disposal the necessary means of transport.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) The senior medical officer in each camp shall be responsible to the camp military authorities
p.(None): for everything connected with the activities of retained medical personnel. For this purpose,
p.(None): Parties to the conflict shall agree at the outbreak of hostilities on the subject of the
p.(None): corresponding ranks of the medical personnel, including that of societies mentioned in Article 26
p.(None): of the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in
p.(None): ArmedXForces in the Field of August 12, 1949. This senior medical officer, as well as chaplains,
p.(None): shall have the right to deal with the competent authorities of the camp on all questions relating
p.(None): to their duties. Such authorities shall afford them all necessary facilities for correspondence
p.(None): relating to these questions.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) Although they shall be subject to the internal discipline of the camp in which they are
p.(None): retained, such personnel may not be compelled to carry out any work other than that concerned
p.(None): with their medical or religious duties.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): During hostilities, the Parties to the conflict shall agree concerning the possible relief of retained
p.(None): personnel and shall settle the procedure to be followed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): None of the preceding provisions shall relieve the Detaining Power of its obligations with regard
p.(None): to prisoners of war from the medical or spiritual point of view.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter V. Religious, Intellectual and Physical Activities
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 34. Prisoners of war shall enjoy complete latitude in the exercise of their religious duties,
p.(None): including attendance at the service of their faith, on condition that they comply with the
p.(None): disciplinary routine prescribed by the military authorities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Adequate premises shall be provided where religious services may be held.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 35. Chaplains who fall into the hands of the enemy Power and who remain or are retained
p.(None): with a view to assisting prisoners of war, shall be allowed to minister to them and to exercise
p.(None): freely their ministry amongst prisoners of war of the same religion, in accordance with their
p.(None): religious conscience. They shall be allocated among the various camps and labour
p.(None): detachments containing prisoners of war belonging to the same forces, speaking the same
p.(None): language or practising the same religion. They shall enjoy the necessary facilities, including the
p.(None): means of transport provided for in Article 33, for visiting the prisoners of war outside their camp.
p.(None): They shall be free to correspond, subject to censorship, on matters concerning their religious
p.(None): duties with the ecclesiastical authorities in the country of detention and with international
p.(None): religious organizations. Letters and cards which they may send for this purpose shall be in
p.(None): addition to the quota provided for in Article 71.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 36. Prisoners of war who are ministers of religion, without having officiated as chaplains to
p.(None): their own forces, shall be at liberty, whatever their denomination, to minister freely to the
p.(None): members of their community. For this purpose, they shall receive the same treatment as the
p.(None): chaplains retained by the Detaining Power. They shall not be obliged to do any other work.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 37. When prisoners of war have not the assistance of a retained chaplain or of a prisoner of
p.(None): war minister of their faith, a minister belonging to the prisoners' or a similar denomination, or in
p.(None): his absence a qualified layman, if such a course is feasible from a confessional point of view,
p.(None): shall be appointed, at the request of the prisoners concerned, to fill this office. This appointment,
p.(None): subject to the approval of the Detaining Power, shall take place with the agreement of the
p.(None): community of prisoners concerned and, wherever necessary, with the approval of the local
p.(None): religious authorities of the same faith. The person thus appointed shall comply with all
p.(None): regulations established by the Detaining Power in the interests of discipline and military security.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 38. While respecting the individual preferences of every prisoner, the Detaining Power shall
p.(None): encourage the practice of intellectual, educational, and recreational pursuits, sports and games
p.(None): amongst prisoners, and shall take the measures necessary to ensure the exercise thereof by
p.(None): providing them with adequate premises and necessary equipment.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners shall have opportunities for taking physical exercise, including sports and games, and
p.(None): for being out of doors. Sufficient open spaces shall be provided for this purpose in all camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter VI. Discipline
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 39. Every prisoner of war camp shall be put under the immediate authority of a responsible
p.(None): commissioned officer belonging to the regular armed forces of the Detaining Power. Such officer
p.(None): shall have in his possession a copy of the present Convention; he shall ensure that its
p.(None): provisions are known to the camp staff and the guard and shall be responsible, under the
p.(None): direction of his government, for its application.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war, with the exception of officers, must salute and show to all officers of the
p.(None): Detaining Power the external marks of respect provided for by the regulations applying in their
p.(None): own forces.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Officer prisoners of war are bound to salute only officers of a higher rank of the Detaining
p.(None): Power; they must, however, salute the camp commander regardless of his rank.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 40. The wearing of badges of rank and nationality, as well as of decorations, shall be
p.(None): permitted.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 41. In every camp the text of the present Convention and its Annexes and the contents of
p.(None): any special agreement provided for in Article 6, shall be posted, in the prisoners' own language,
p.(None): in places where all may read them. Copies shall be supplied, on request, to the prisoners who
p.(None): cannot have access to the copy which has been posted.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Regulations, orders, notices and publications of every kind relating to the conduct of prisoners of
p.(None): war shall be issued to them in a language which they understand. Such regulations, orders and
p.(None): publications shall be posted in the manner described above and copies shall be handed to the
p.(None): prisoners' representative. Every order and command addressed to prisoners of war individually
p.(None): must likewise be given in a language which they understand.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 42. The use of weapons against prisoners of war, especially against those who are escaping
p.(None): or attempting to escape, shall constitute an extreme measure, which shall always be preceded
p.(None): by warnings appropriate to the circumstances.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter VII. Rank of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 43. Upon the outbreak of hostilities, the Parties to the conflict shall communicate to one
p.(None): another the titles and ranks of all the persons mentioned in Article 4 of the present Convention,
p.(None): in order to ensure equality of treatment between prisoners of equivalent rank. Titles and ranks
p.(None): which are subsequently created shall form the subject of similar communications.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power shall recognize promotions in rank which have been accorded to prisoners
p.(None): of war and which have been duly notified by the Power on which these prisoners depend.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 44. Officers and prisoners of equivalent status shall be treated with the regard due to their
p.(None): rank and age.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In order to ensure service in officers' camps, other ranks of the same armed forces who, as far
p.(None): as possible, speak the same language, shall be assigned in sufficient numbers, account being
p.(None): taken of the rank of officers and prisoners of equivalent status. Such orderlies shall not be
p.(None): required to perform any other work.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Supervision of the mess by the officers themselves shall be facilitated in every way.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 45. Prisoners of war other than officers and prisoners of equivalent status shall be treated
p.(None): with the regard due to their rank and age.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Supervision of the mess by the prisoners themselves shall be facilitated in every way.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter VIII. Transfer of Prisoners of War after their Arrival in Camp
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 46. The Detaining Power, when deciding upon the transfer of prisoners of war, shall take into
p.(None): account the interests of the prisoners themselves, more especially so as not to increase the
p.(None): difficulty of their repatriation.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The transfer of prisoners of war shall always be effected humanely and in conditions not less
p.(None): favourable than those under which the forces of the Detaining Power are transferred. Account
p.(None): shall always be taken of the climatic conditions to which the prisoners of war are accustomed
p.(None): and the conditions of transfer shall in no case be prejudicial to their health.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power shall supply prisoners of war during transfer with sufficient food and
p.(None): drinking water to keep them in good health, likewise with the necessary clothing, shelter and
p.(None): medical attention. The Detaining Power shall take adequate precautions especially in case of
p.(None): transport by sea or by air, to ensure their safety during transfer, and shall draw up a complete
p.(None): list of all transferred prisoners before their departure.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 47. Sick or wounded prisoners of war shall not be transferred as long as their recovery may
p.(None): be endangered by the journey, unless their safety imperatively demands it.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If the combat zone draws closer to a camp, the prisoners of war in the said camp shall not be
p.(None): transferred unless their transfer can be carried out in adequate conditions of safety, or unless
p.(None): they are exposed to greater risks by remaining on the spot than by being transferred.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 48. In the event of transfer, prisoners of war shall be officially advised of their departure and
p.(None): of their new postal address. Such notifications shall be given in time for them to pack their
p.(None): luggage and inform their next of kin.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): They shall be allowed to take with them their personal effects, and the correspondence and
p.(None): parcels which have arrived for them. The weight of such baggage may be limited, if the
p.(None): conditions of transfer so require, to what each prisoner can reasonably carry, which shall in no
p.(None): case be more than twenty-five kilograms per head.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Mail and parcels addressed to their former camp shall be forwarded to them without delay. The
p.(None): camp commander shall take, in agreement with the prisoners' representative, any measures
p.(None): needed to ensure the transport of the prisoners' community property and of the luggage they are
p.(None): unable to take with them in consequence of restrictions imposed by virtue of the second
p.(None): paragraph of this Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The costs of transfers shall be borne by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section III. Labour of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 49. The Detaining Power may utilize the labour of prisoners of war who are physically fit,
p.(None): taking into account their age, sex, rank and physical aptitude, and with a view particularly to
p.(None): maintaining them in a good state of physical and mental health.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Non-commissioned officers who are prisoners of war shall only be required to do supervisory
p.(None): work. Those not so required may ask for other suitable work which shall, so far as possible, be
p.(None): found for them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If officers or persons of equivalent status ask for suitable work, it shall be found for them, so far
p.(None): as possible, but they may in no circumstances be compelled to work.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 50. Besides work connected with camp administration, installation or maintenance, prisoners
p.(None): of war may be compelled to do only such work as is included in the following classes:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) agriculture;
p.(None): (b) industries connected with the production or the extraction of raw materials, and
p.(None): manufacturing industries, with the exception of metallurgical, machinery and chemical
p.(None): industries; public works and building operations which have no military character or purpose;
p.(None): (c) transport and handling of stores which are not military in character or purpose;
p.(None): (d) commercial business, and arts and crafts;
p.(None): (e) domestic service;
p.(None): (f) public utility services having no military character or purpose.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Should the above provisions be infringed, prisoners of war shall be allowed to exercise their
p.(None): right of complaint, in conformity with Article 78.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 51. Prisoners of war must be granted suitable working conditions, especially as regards
p.(None): accommodation, food, clothing and equipment; such conditions shall not be inferior to those
p.(None): enjoyed by nationals of the Detaining Power employed in similar work; account shall also be
p.(None): taken of climatic conditions.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power, in utilizing the labour of prisoners of war, shall ensure that in areas in
p.(None): which such prisoners are employed, the national legislation concerning the protection of labour,
p.(None): and, more particularly, the regulations for the safety of workers, are duly applied.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall receive training and be provided with the means of protection suitable to
p.(None): the work they will have to do and similar to those accorded to the nationals of the Detaining
p.(None): Power. Subject to the provisions of Article 52, prisoners may be submitted to the normal risks
p.(None): run by these civilian workers.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Conditions of labour shall in no case be rendered more arduous by disciplinary measures.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 52. Unless he be a volunteer, no prisoner of war may be employed on labour which is of an
p.(None): unhealthy or dangerous nature.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No prisoner of war shall be assigned to labour which would be looked upon as humiliating for a
p.(None): member of the Detaining Power's own forces.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The removal of mines or similar devices shall be considered as dangerous labour.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 53. The duration of the daily labour of prisoners of war, including the time of the journey to
p.(None): and fro, shall not be excessive, and must in no case exceed that permitted for civilian workers in
p.(None): the district, who are nationals of the Detaining Power and employed on the same work.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war must be allowed, in the middle of the day's work, a rest of not less than one
p.(None): hour. This rest will be the same as that to which workers of the Detaining Power are entitled, if
p.(None): the latter is of longer duration. They shall be allowed in addition a rest of twenty-four
p.(None): consecutive hours every week, preferably on Sunday or the day of rest in their country of origin.
p.(None): Furthermore, every prisoner who has worked for one year shall be granted a rest of eight
p.(None): consecutive days, during which his working pay shall be paid him.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If methods of labour such as piece work are employed, the length of the working period shall
p.(None): not be rendered excessive thereby.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 54. The working pay due to prisoners of war shall be fixed in accordance with the provisions
p.(None): of Article 62 of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who sustain accidents in connection with work, or who contract a disease in
p.(None): the course, or in consequence of their work, shall receive all the care their condition may
p.(None): require. The Detaining Power shall furthermore deliver to such prisoners of war a medical
p.(None): certificate enabling them to submit their claims to the Power on which they depend, and shall
p.(None): send a duplicate to the Central Prisoners of War Agency provided for in Article 123.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 55. The fitness of prisoners of war for work shall be periodically verified by medical
p.(None): examinations at least once a month. The examinations shall have particular regard to the nature
p.(None): of the work which prisoners of war are required to do.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If any prisoner of war considers himself incapable of working, he shall be permitted to appear
p.(None): before the medical authorities of his camp. Physicians or surgeons may recommend that the
p.(None): prisoners who are, in their opinion, unfit for work, be exempted therefrom.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 56. The organization and administration of labour detachments shall be similar to those of
p.(None): prisoner of war camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Every labour detachment shall remain under the control of and administratively part of a
p.(None): prisoner of war camp. The military authorities and the commander of the said camp shall be
p.(None): responsible, under the direction of their government, for the observance of the provisions of the
p.(None): present Convention in labour detachments.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The camp commander shall keep an up-to-date record of the labour detachments dependent on
p.(None): his camp, and shall communicate it to the delegates of the Protecting Power, of the International
p.(None): Committee of the Red Cross, or of other agencies giving relief to prisoners of war, who may visit
p.(None): the camp.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 57. The treatment of prisoners of war who work for private persons, even if the latter are
p.(None): responsible for guarding and protecting them, shall not be inferior to that which is provided for by
p.(None): the present Convention. The Detaining Power, the military authorities and the commander of the
p.(None): camp to which such prisoners belong shall be entirely responsible for the maintenance, care,
p.(None): treatment, and payment of the working pay of such prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Such prisoners of war shall have the right to remain in communication with the prisoners'
p.(None): representatives in the camps on which they depend.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section IV. Financial Resources of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 58. Upon the outbreak of hostilities, and pending an arrangement on this matter with the
p.(None): Protecting Power, the Detaining Power may determine the maximum amount of money in cash
p.(None): or in any similar form, that prisoners may have in their possession. Any amount in excess,
p.(None): which was properly in their possession and which has been taken or withheld from them, shall
p.(None): be placed to their account, together with any monies deposited by them, and shall not be
p.(None): converted into any other currency without their consent.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If prisoners of war are permitted to purchase services or commodities outside the camp against
p.(None): payment in cash, such payments shall be made by the prisoner himself or by the camp
p.(None): administration who will charge them to the accounts of the prisoners concerned. The Detaining
p.(None): Power will establish the necessary rules in this respect.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 59. Cash which was taken from prisoners of war, in accordance with Article 18, at the time of
p.(None): their capture, and which is in the currency of the Detaining Power, shall be placed to their
p.(None): separate accounts, in accordance with the provisions of Article 64 of the present Section.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The amounts, in the currency of the Detaining Power, due to the conversion of sums in other
p.(None): currencies that are taken from the prisoners of war at the same time, shall also be credited to
p.(None): their separate accounts.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 60. The Detaining Power shall grant all prisoners of war a monthly advance of pay, the
p.(None): amount of which shall be fixed by conversion, into the currency
p.(None): of the said Power, of the following amounts:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Category I : Prisoners ranking below sergeants: eight Swiss francs.
p.(None): Category II : Sergeants and other non-commissioned officers, or prisoners of equivalent rank:
p.(None): twelve Swiss francs.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Category III: Warrant officers and commissioned officers below the rank of major or prisoners of
p.(None): equivalent rank: fifty Swiss francs.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Category IV : Majors, lieutenant-colonels, colonels or prisoners of equivalent rank: sixty Swiss
p.(None): francs.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Category V : General officers or prisoners of war of equivalent rank: seventy-five Swiss francs.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): However, the Parties to the conflict concerned may by special agreement modify the amount of
p.(None): advances of pay due to prisoners of the preceding categories.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Furthermore, if the amounts indicated in the first paragraph above would be unduly high
p.(None): compared with the pay of the Detaining Power's armed forces or would, for any reason,
p.(None): seriously embarrass the Detaining Power, then, pending the conclusion of a special agreement
p.(None): with the Power on which the prisoners depend to vary the amounts indicated above, the
p.(None): Detaining Power:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) shall continue to credit the accounts of the prisoners with the amounts indicated in the first
p.(None): paragraph above;
p.(None): (b) may temporarily limit the amount made available from these advances of pay to prisoners of
p.(None): war for their own use, to sums which are reasonable, but which, for Category I, shall never be
p.(None): inferior to the amount that the Detaining Power gives to the members of its own armed forces.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The reasons for any limitations will be given without delay to the Protecting Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 61. The Detaining Power shall accept for distribution as supplementary pay to prisoners of
p.(None): war sums which the Power on which the prisoners depend may forward to them, on condition
p.(None): that the sums to be paid shall be the same for each prisoner of the same category, shall be
p.(None): payable to all prisoners of that category depending on that Power, and shall be placed in their
p.(None): separate accounts, at the earliest opportunity, in accordance with the provisions of Article 64.
p.(None): Such supplementary pay shall not relieve the Detaining Power of any obligation under this
p.(None): Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 62. Prisoners of war shall be paid a fair working rate of pay by the detaining authorities
p.(None): direct. The rate shall be fixed by the said authorities, but shall at no time be less than one-fourth
p.(None): of one Swiss franc for a full working day. The Detaining Power shall inform prisoners of war, as
p.(None): well as the Power on which they depend, through the intermediary of the Protecting Power, of
p.(None): the rate of daily working pay that it has fixed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Working pay shall likewise be paid by the detaining authorities to prisoners of war permanently
p.(None): detailed to duties or to a skilled or semi-skilled occupation in connection with the administration,
p.(None): installation or maintenance of camps, and to the prisoners who are required to carry out spiritual
p.(None): or medical duties on behalf of their comrades.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The working pay of the prisoners' representative, of his advisers, if any, and of his assistants,
p.(None): shall be paid out of the fund maintained by canteen profits. The scale of this working pay shall
p.(None): be fixed by the prisoners' representative and approved by the camp commander. If there is no
p.(None): such fund, the detaining authorities shall pay these prisoners a fair working rate of pay.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Atr 63. Prisoners of war shall be permitted to receive remittances of money addressed to them
p.(None): individually or collectively.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Every prisoner of war shall have at his disposal the credit balance of his account as provided for
p.(None): in the following Article, within the limits fixed by the Detaining Power, which shall make such
p.(None): payments as are requested. Subject to financial or monetary restrictions which the Detaining
p.(None): Power regards as essential, prisoners of war may also have payments made abroad. In this
p.(None): case payments addressed by prisoners of war to dependents shall be given priority.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In any event, and subject to the consent of the Power on which they depend, prisoners may
p.(None): have payments made in their own country, as follows: the Detaining Power shall send to the
p.(None): aforesaid Power through the Protecting Power, a notification giving all the necessary particulars
p.(None): concerning the prisoners of war, the beneficiaries of the payments, and the amount of the sums
p.(None): to be paid, expressed in the Detaining Power's currency. The said notification shall be signed
p.(None): by the prisoners and countersigned by the camp commander. The Detaining Power shall debit
p.(None): the prisoners' account by a corresponding amount; the sums thus debited shall be placed by it
p.(None): to the credit of the Power on which the prisoners depend.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): To apply the foregoing provisions, the Detaining Power may usefully consult the Model
p.(None): Regulations in Annex V of the present Convention.
p.(None): Art. 64 The Detaining Power shall hold an account for each prisoner of war, showing at least the
p.(None): following:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) The amounts due to the prisoner or received by him as advances of pay, as working pay or
p.(None): derived from any other source; the sums in the currency of the Detaining Power which were
p.(None): taken from him; the sums taken from him and converted at his request into the currency of the
p.(None): said Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) The payments made to the prisoner in cash, or in any other similar form; the payments made
p.(None): on his behalf and at his request; the sums transferred under Article 63, third paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 65. Every item entered in the account of a prisoner of war shall be countersigned or initialled
p.(None): by him, or by the prisoners' representative acting on his behalf.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall at all times be afforded reasonable facilities for consulting and obtaining
p.(None): copies of their accounts, which may likewise be inspected by the representatives of the
p.(None): Protecting Powers at the time of visits to the camp.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): When prisoners of war are transferred from one camp to another, their personal accounts will
p.(None): follow them. In case of transfer from one Detaining Power to another, the monies which are their
p.(None): property and are not in the currency of the Detaining Power will follow them. They shall be given
p.(None): certificates for any other monies standing to the credit of their accounts.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Parties to the conflict concerned may agree to notify to each other at specific intervals
p.(None): through the Protecting Power, the amount of the accounts of the prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 66. On the termination of captivity, through the release of a prisoner of war or his
p.(None): repatriation, the Detaining Power shall give him a statement, signed by an authorized officer of
p.(None): that Power, showing the credit balance then due to him. The Detaining Power shall also send
p.(None): through the Protecting Power to the government upon which the prisoner of war depends, lists
p.(None): giving all appropriate particulars of all prisoners of war whose captivity has been terminated by
p.(None): repatriation, release, escape, death or any other means, and showing the amount of their credit
p.(None): balances. Such lists shall be certified on each sheet by an authorized representative of the
p.(None): Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any of the above provisions of this Article may be varied by mutual agreement between any two
p.(None): Parties to the conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Power on which the prisoner of war depends shall be responsible for settling with him any
p.(None): credit balance due to him from the Detaining Power on the termination of his captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 67. Advances of pay, issued to prisoners of war in conformity with Article 60, shall be
p.(None): considered as made on behalf of the Power on which they depend. Such advances of pay, as
p.(None): well as all payments made by the said Power under Article 63, third paragraph, and Article 68,
p.(None): shall form the subject of arrangements between the Powers concerned, at the close of
p.(None): hostilities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 68. Any claim by a prisoner of war for compensation in respect of any injury or other
p.(None): disability arising out of work shall be referred to the Power on which he depends, through the
p.(None): Protecting Power. In accordance with Article 54, the Detaining Power will, in all cases, provide
p.(None): the prisoner of war concerned with a statement showing the nature of the injury or disability, the
p.(None): circumstances in which it arose and particulars of medical or hospital treatment given for it. This
p.(None): statement will be signed by a responsible officer of the Detaining Power and the medical
p.(None): particulars certified by a medical officer.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any claim by a prisoner of war for compensation in respect of personal effects monies or
p.(None): valuables impounded by the Detaining Power under Article 18 and not forthcoming on his
p.(None): repatriation, or in respect of loss alleged to be due to the fault of the Detaining Power or any of
p.(None): its servants, shall likewise be referred to the Power on which he depends. Nevertheless, any
p.(None): such personal effects required for use by the prisoners of war whilst in captivity shall be
p.(None): replaced at the expense of the Detaining Power. The Detaining Power will, in all cases, provide
p.(None): the prisoner of war with a statement, signed by a responsible officer, showing all available
p.(None): information regarding the reasons why such effects, monies or valuables have not been
p.(None): restored to him. A copy of this statement will be forwarded to the Power on which he depends
p.(None): through the Central Prisoners of War Agency provided for in Article 123.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section V. Relations of Prisoners of War With the Exterior
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 69. Immediately upon prisoners of war falling into its power, the Detaining Power shall inform
p.(None): them and the Powers on which they depend, through the Protecting Power, of the measures
p.(None): taken to carry out the provisions of the present Section. They shall likewise inform the parties
p.(None): concerned of any subsequent modifications of such measures.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 70. Immediately upon capture, or not more than one week after arrival at a camp, even if it is
p.(None): a transit camp, likewise in case of sickness or transfer to hospital or to another camp, every
p.(None): prisoner of war shall be enabled to write direct to his family, on the one hand, and to the Central
p.(None): Prisoners of War Agency provided for in Article 123, on the other hand, a card similar, if
p.(None): possible, to the model annexed to the present Convention, informing his relatives of his capture,
p.(None): address and state of health. The said cards shall be forwarded as rapidly as possible and may
p.(None): not be delayed in any manner.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 71. Prisoners of war shall be allowed to send and receive letters and cards. If the Detaining
p.(None): Power deems it necessary to limit the number of letters and cards sent by each prisoner of war,
p.(None): the said number shall not be less than two letters and four cards monthly, exclusive of the
p.(None): capture cards provided for in Article 70, and conforming as closely as possible to the models
p.(None): annexed to the present Convention. Further limitations may be imposed only if the Protecting
p.(None): Power is satisfied that it would be in the interests of the prisoners of war concerned to do so
p.(None): owing to difficulties of translation caused by the Detaining Power's inability to find sufficient
p.(None): qualified linguists to carry out the necessary censorship. If limitations must be placed on the
p.(None): correspondence addressed to prisoners of war, they may be ordered only by the Power on
p.(None): which the prisoners depend, possibly at the request of the Detaining Power. Such letters and
p.(None): cards must be conveyed by the most rapid method at the disposal of the Detaining Power; they
p.(None): may not be delayed or retained for
p.(None): disciplinary reasons.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who have been without news for a long period, or who are unable to receive
p.(None): news from their next of kin or to give them news by the ordinary postal route, as well as those
p.(None): who are at a great distance from their homes, shall be permitted to send telegrams, the fees
p.(None): being charged against the prisoners of war's accounts with the Detaining Power or paid in the
p.(None): currency at their disposal. They shall likewise benefit by this measure in cases of urgency.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): As a general rule, the correspondence of prisoners of war shall be written in their native
p.(None): language. The Parties to the conflict may allow correspondence in other languages.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Sacks containing prisoner of war mail must be securely sealed and labelled so as clearly to
p.(None): indicate their contents, and must be addressed to offices of destination.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 72. Prisoners of war shall be allowed to receive by post or by any other means individual
p.(None): parcels or collective shipments containing, in particular, foodstuffs, clothing, medical supplies
p.(None): and articles of a religious, educational or recreational character which may meet their needs,
p.(None): including books, devotional articles, scientific equipment, examination papers, musical
p.(None): instruments, sports outfits and materials allowing prisoners of war to pursue their studies or their
p.(None): cultural activities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Such shipments shall in no way free the Detaining Power from the obligations imposed upon it
p.(None): by virtue of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The only limits which may be placed on these shipments shall be those proposed by the
p.(None): Protecting Power in the interest of the prisoners themselves, or by the International Committee
p.(None): of the Red Cross or any other organization giving assistance to the prisoners, in respect of their
p.(None): own shipments only, on account of exceptional strain on transport or communications.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The conditions for the sending of individual parcels and collective relief shall, if necessary, be
p.(None): the subject of special agreements between the Powers concerned, which may in no case delay
p.(None): the receipt by the prisoners of relief supplies. Books may not be included in parcels of clothing
p.(None): and foodstuffs. Medical supplies shall, as a rule, be sent in collective parcels.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 73. In the absence of special agreements between the Powers concerned on the conditions
p.(None): for the receipt and distribution of collective relief shipments, the rules and regulations concerning
p.(None): collective shipments, which are annexed to the present Convention, shall be applied.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The special agreements referred to above shall in no case restrict the right of prisoners'
p.(None): representatives to take possession of collective relief shipments intended for prisoners of war, to
p.(None): proceed to their distribution or to dispose of them in the interest of the prisoners.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Nor shall such agreements restrict the right of representatives of the Protecting Power, the
p.(None): International Committee of the Red Cross or any other organization giving assistance to
p.(None): prisoners of war and responsible for the forwarding of collective shipments, to supervise their
p.(None): distribution to the recipients.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 74. All relief shipments for prisoners of war shall be exempt from import, customs and other
p.(None): dues.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Correspondence, relief shipments and authorized remittances of money addressed to prisoners
p.(None): of war or despatched by them through the post office, either direct or through the Information
p.(None): Bureaux provided for in Article 122 and the Central Prisoners of War Agency provided for in
p.(None): Article 123, shall be exempt from any postal dues, both in the countries of origin and
p.(None): destination, and in intermediate countries.
p.(None): If relief shipments intended for prisoners of war cannot be sent through the post office by reason
p.(None): of weight or for any other cause, the cost of transportation shall be borne by the Detaining
p.(None): Power in all the territories under its control. The other Powers party to the Convention shall bear
p.(None): the cost of transport in their respective territories. In the absence of special agreements
p.(None): between the Parties concerned, the costs connected with transport of such shipments, other
p.(None): than costs covered by the above exemption, shall be charged to the senders.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The High Contracting Parties shall endeavour to reduce, so far as possible, the rates charged
p.(None): for telegrams sent by prisoners of war, or addressed to them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 75. Should military operations prevent the Powers concerned from fulfilling their obligation to
p.(None): assure the transport of the shipments referred to in Articles 70, 71, 72 and 77, the Protecting
p.(None): Powers concerned, the International Committee of the Red Cross or any other organization duly
p.(None): approved by the Parties to the conflict may undertake to ensure the conveyance of such
p.(None): shipments by suitable means (railway wagons, motor vehicles, vessels or aircraft, etc.). For this
p.(None): purpose, the High Contracting Parties shall endeavour to supply them with such transport and
p.(None): to allow its circulation, especially by granting the necessary safe-conducts.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Such transport may also be used to convey:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) correspondence, lists and reports exchanged between the Central Information Agency
p.(None): referred to in Article 123 and the National Bureaux referred to in Article 122;
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) correspondence and reports relating to prisoners of war which the Protecting Powers, the
p.(None): International Committee of the Red Cross or any other body assisting the prisoners, exchange
p.(None): either with their own delegates or with the Parties to the conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): These provisions in no way detract from the right of any Party to the conflict to arrange other
p.(None): means of transport, if it should so prefer, nor preclude the granting of safe-conducts, under
p.(None): mutually agreed conditions, to such means of transport.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In the absence of special agreements, the costs occasioned by the use of such means of
p.(None): transport shall be borne proportionally by the Parties to the conflict whose nationals are
p.(None): benefited thereby.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 76. The censoring of correspondence addressed to prisoners of war or despatched by them
p.(None): shall be done as quickly as possible. Mail shall be censored only by the despatching State and
p.(None): the receiving State, and once only by each.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The examination of consignments intended for prisoners of war shall not be carried out under
p.(None): conditions that will expose the goods contained in them to deterioration; except in the case of
p.(None): written or printed matter, it shall be done in the presence of the addressee, or of a fellow-
p.(None): prisoner duly delegated by him. The delivery to prisoners of individual or collective
p.(None): consignments shall not be delayed under the pretext of difficulties of censorship.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any prohibition of correspondence ordered by Parties to the conflict, either for military or political
p.(None): reasons, shall be only temporary and its duration shall be as short as possible.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 77. The Detaining Powers shall provide all facilities for the transmission, through the
p.(None): Protecting Power or the Central Prisoners of War Agency provided for in Article 123 of
p.(None): instruments, papers or documents intended for prisoners of war or despatched by them,
p.(None): especially powers of attorney and wills.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In all cases they shall facilitate the preparation and execution of such documents on behalf of
p.(None): prisoners of war; in particular, they shall allow them to consult a lawyer and shall take what
p.(None): measures are necessary for the authentication of their signatures.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section VI. Relations Between Prisoners of War and the Authorities
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter I. Complaints of Prisoners of War Respecting the Conditions of Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 78 Prisoners of war shall have the right to make known to the military authorities in whose
p.(None): power they are, their requests regarding the conditions of captivity to which they are subjected.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): They shall also have the unrestricted right to apply to the representatives of the Protecting
p.(None): Powers either through their prisoners' representative or, if they consider it necessary, direct, in
p.(None): order to draw their attention to any points on which they may have complaints to make regarding
p.(None): their conditions of captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): These requests and complaints shall not be limited nor considered to be a part of the
p.(None): correspondence quota referred to in Article 71. They must be transmitted immediately. Even if
p.(None): they are recognized to be unfounded, they may not give rise to any punishment.
p.(None): Prisoners' representatives may send periodic reports on the situation in the camps and the
p.(None): needs of the prisoners of war to the representatives of the Protecting Powers.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter II. Prisoner of War Representatives
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 79. IIn all places where there are prisoners of war, except in those where there are officers,
p.(None): the prisoners shall freely elect by secret ballot, every six months, and also in case of vacancies,
p.(None): prisoners' representatives entrusted with representing them before the military authorities, the
p.(None): Protecting Powers, the International Committee of the Red Cross and any other organization
p.(None): which may assist them. These prisoners' representatives shall be eligible for re-election.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In camps for officers and persons of equivalent status or in mixed camps, the senior officer
p.(None): among the prisoners of war shall be recognized as the camp prisoners' representative. In
p.(None): camps for officers, he shall be assisted by one or more advisers chosen by the officers; in mixed
p.(None): camps, his assistants shall be chosen from among the prisoners of war who are not officers and
p.(None): shall be elected by them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Officer prisoners of war of the same nationality shall be stationed in labour camps for prisoners
p.(None): of war, for the purpose of carrying out the camp administration duties for which the prisoners of
p.(None): war are responsible. These officers may be elected as prisoners' representatives under the first
p.(None): paragraph of this Article. In such a case the assistants to the prisoners' representatives shall be
p.(None): chosen from among those prisoners of war who are not officers.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Every representative elected must be approved by the Detaining Power before he has the right
p.(None): to commence his duties. Where the Detaining Power refuses to approve a prisoner of war
p.(None): elected by his fellow prisoners of war, it must inform the Protecting Power of the reason for such
p.(None): refusal.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In all cases the prisoners' representative must have the same nationality, language and customs
p.(None): as the prisoners of war whom he represents. Thus, prisoners of war distributed in different
p.(None): sections of a camp, according to their nationality, language or customs, shall have for each
p.(None): section their own prisoners' representative, in accordance with the foregoing paragraphs.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 80. Prisoners' representatives shall further the physical, spiritual and intellectual well-being of
p.(None): prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In particular, where the prisoners decide to organize amongst themselves a system of mutual
p.(None): assistance, this organization will be within the province of the prisoners' representative, in
p.(None): addition to the special duties entrusted to him by other provisions of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners' representatives shall not be held responsible, simply by reason of their duties, for any
p.(None): offences committed by prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 81. Prisoners' representatives shall not be required to perform any other work, if the
p.(None): accomplishment of their duties is thereby made more difficult.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners' representatives may appoint from amongst the prisoners such assistants as they may
p.(None): require. All material facilities shall be granted them, particularly a certain freedom of movement
p.(None): necessary for the accomplishment of their duties (inspection of labour detachments, receipt of
p.(None): supplies, etc.).
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners' representatives shall be permitted to visit premises where prisoners of war are
p.(None): detained, and every prisoner of war shall have the right to consult freely his prisoners'
p.(None): representative.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): All facilities shall likewise be accorded to the prisoners' representatives for communication by
p.(None): post and telegraph with the detaining authorities, the Protecting Powers, the International
p.(None): Committee of the Red Cross and their delegates, the Mixed Medical Commissions and the
p.(None): bodies which give assistance to prisoners of war. Prisoners' representatives of labour
p.(None): detachments shall enjoy the same facilities for communication with the prisoners'
p.(None): representatives of the principal camp. Such communications shall not be restricted, nor
p.(None): considered as forming a part of the quota mentioned in Article 71.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners' representatives who are transferred shall be allowed a reasonable time to acquaint
p.(None): their successors with current affairs.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In case of dismissal, the reasons therefor shall be communicated to the Protecting Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter III. Penal and Disciplinary Sanctions
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): I. General Provisions
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 82. A prisoner of war shall be subject to the laws, regulations and orders in force in the
p.(None): armed forces of the Detaining Power; the Detaining Power shall be justified in taking judicial or
p.(None): disciplinary measures in respect of any offence committed by a prisoner of war against such
p.(None): laws, regulations or orders. However, no proceedings or punishments contrary to the provisions
p.(None): of this Chapter shall be allowed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If any law, regulation or order of the Detaining Power shall declare acts committed by a prisoner
p.(None): of war to be punishable, whereas the same acts would not be punishable if committed by a
p.(None): member of the forces of the Detaining Power, such acts shall entail disciplinary punishments
p.(None): only.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 83. In deciding whether proceedings in respect of an offence alleged to have been
p.(None): committed by a prisoner of war shall be judicial or disciplinary, the Detaining Power shall ensure
p.(None): that the competent authorities exercise the greatest leniency and adopt, wherever possible,
p.(None): disciplinary rather than judicial measures.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 84. A prisoner of war shall be tried only by a military court, unless the existing laws of the
p.(None): Detaining Power expressly permit the civil courts to try a member of the armed forces of the
p.(None): Detaining Power in respect of the particular offence alleged to have been committed by the
p.(None): prisoner of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In no circumstances whatever shall a prisoner of war be tried by a court of any kind which does
p.(None): not offer the essential guarantees of independence and impartiality as generally recognized,
p.(None): and, in particular, the procedure of which does not afford the accused the rights and means of
p.(None): defence provided for in Article 105.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 85. Prisoners of war prosecuted under the laws of the Detaining Power for acts committed
p.(None): prior to capture shall retain, even if convicted, the benefits of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 86. No prisoner of war may be punished more than once for the same act or on the same
p.(None): charge.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 87. Prisoners of war may not be sentenced by the military authorities and courts of the
p.(None): Detaining Power to any penalties except those provided for in respect of members of the armed
p.(None): forces of the said Power who have committed the same acts.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): When fixing the penalty, the courts or authorities of the Detaining Power shall take into
p.(None): consideration, to the widest extent possible, the fact that the accused, not being a national of the
p.(None): Detaining Power, is not bound to it by any duty of allegiance, and that he is in its power as the
p.(None): result of circumstances independent of his own will. The said courts or authorities shall be at
p.(None): liberty to reduce the penalty provided for the violation of which the prisoner of war is accused,
p.(None): and shall therefore not be bound to apply the minimum penalty prescribed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Collective punishment for individual acts, corporal punishment, imprisonment in premises
p.(None): without daylight and, in general, any form of torture or cruelty, are forbidden.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No prisoner of war may be deprived of his rank by the Detaining Power, or prevented from
p.(None): wearing his badges.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 88. Officers, non-commissioned officers and men who are prisoners of war undergoing a
p.(None): disciplinary or judicial punishment, shall not be subjected to more severe treatment than that
p.(None): applied in respect of the same punishment to members of the armed forces of the Detaining
p.(None): Power of equivalent rank.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A woman prisoner of war shall not be awarded or sentenced to a punishment more severe, or
p.(None): treated whilst undergoing punishment more severely, than a woman member of the armed
p.(None): forces of the Detaining Power dealt with for a similar offence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In no case may a woman prisoner of war be awarded or sentenced to a punishment more
p.(None): severe, or treated whilst undergoing punishment more severely, than a male member of the
p.(None): armed forces of the Detaining Power dealt with for a similar offence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who have served disciplinary or judicial sentences may not be treated
p.(None): differently from other prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): II. Disciplinary Sanctions
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 89. The disciplinary punishments applicable to prisoners of war are the following:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) A fine which shall not exceed 50 per cent of the advances of pay and working pay which the
p.(None): prisoner of war would otherwise receive under the provisions of Articles 60 and 62 during a
p.(None): period of not more than thirty days.
p.(None): (2) Discontinuance of privileges granted over and above the treatment provided for by the
p.(None): present Convention.
p.(None): (3) Fatigue duties not exceeding two hours daily.
p.(None): (4) Confinement.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The punishment referred to under (3) shall not be applied to officers.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In no case shall disciplinary punishments be inhuman, brutal or dangerous to the health of
p.(None): prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 90. The duration of any single punishment shall in no case exceed thirty days. Any period of
p.(None): confinement awaiting the hearing of a disciplinary offence or the award of disciplinary
p.(None): punishment shall be deducted from an award pronounced against a prisoner of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The maximum of thirty days provided above may not be exceeded, even if the prisoner of war is
p.(None): answerable for several acts at the same time when he is awarded punishment, whether such
p.(None): acts are related or not.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The period between the pronouncing of an award of disciplinary punishment and its execution
p.(None): shall not exceed one month.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): When a prisoner of war is awarded a further disciplinary punishment, a period of at least three
p.(None): days shall elapse between the execution of any two of the punishments, if the duration of one of
p.(None): these is ten days or more.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 91. The escape of a prisoner of war shall be deemed to have succeeded when:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) he has joined the armed forces of the Power on which he depends, or those of an allied
p.(None): Power;
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) he has left the territory under the control of the Detaining Power, or of an ally of the said
p.(None): Power;
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) he has joined a ship flying the flag of the Power on which he depends, or of an allied Power,
p.(None): in the territorial waters of the Detaining Power, the said ship not being under the control of the
p.(None): last named Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who have made good their escape in the sense of this Article and who are
p.(None): recaptured, shall not be liable to any punishment in respect of their previous escape.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 92. A prisoner of war who attempts to escape and is recaptured before having made good
p.(None): his escape in the sense of Article 91 shall be liable only to a disciplinary punishment in respect
p.(None): of this act, even if it is a repeated offence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A prisoner of war who is recaptured shall be handed over without delay to the competent military
p.(None): authority.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 88, fourth paragraph, notwithstanding, prisoners of war punished as a result of an
p.(None): unsuccessful escape may be subjected to special surveillance. Such surveillance must not
p.(None): affect the state of their health, must be undergone in a prisoner of war camp, and must not entail
p.(None): the suppression of any of the safeguards granted them by the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 93. Escape or attempt to escape, even if it is a repeated offence, shall not be deemed an
p.(None): aggravating circumstance if the prisoner of war is subjected to trial by judicial proceedings in
p.(None): respect of an offence committed during his escape or attempt to escape.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In conformity with the principle stated in Article 83, offences committed by prisoners of war with
p.(None): the sole intention of facilitating their escape and which do not entail any violence against life or
p.(None): limb, such as offences against public property, theft without intention of self-enrichment, the
p.(None): drawing up or use of false papers, or the wearing of civilian clothing, shall occasion disciplinary
p.(None): punishment only.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who aid or abet an escape or an attempt to escape shall be liable on this count
p.(None): to disciplinary punishment only.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 94. If an escaped prisoner of war is recaptured, the Power on which he depends shall be
p.(None): notified thereof in the manner defined in Article 122, provided notification of his escape has
p.(None): been made.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 95. A prisoner of war accused of an offence against discipline shall not be kept in
p.(None): confinement pending the hearing unless a member of the armed forces of the Detaining Power
p.(None): would be so kept if he were accused of a similar offence, or if it is essential in the interests of
p.(None): camp order and discipline.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any period spent by a prisoner of war in confinement awaiting the disposal of an offence
p.(None): against discipline shall be reduced to an absolute minimum and shall not exceed fourteen days.
p.(None): The provisions of Articles 97 and 98 of this Chapter shall apply to prisoners of war who are in
p.(None): confinement awaiting the disposal of offences against discipline.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 96. Acts which constitute offences against discipline shall be investigated immediately.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Without prejudice to the competence of courts and superior military authorities, disciplinary
p.(None): punishment may be ordered only by an officer having disciplinary powers in his capacity as
p.(None): camp commander, or by a responsible officer who replaces him or to whom he has delegated
p.(None): his disciplinary powers.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In no case may such powers be delegated to a prisoner of war or be exercised by a prisoner of
p.(None): war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Before any disciplinary award is pronounced, the accused shall be given precise information
p.(None): regarding the offences of which he is accused, and given an opportunity of explaining his
p.(None): conduct and of defending himself. He shall be permitted, in particular, to call witnesses and to
p.(None): have recourse, if necessary, to the services of a qualified interpreter. The decision shall be
p.(None): announced to the accused prisoner of war and to the prisoners' representative.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A record of disciplinary punishments shall be maintained by the camp commander and shall be
p.(None): open to inspection by representatives of the Protecting Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 97. Prisoners of war shall not in any case be transferred to penitentiary establishments
p.(None): (prisons, penitentiaries, convict prisons, etc.) to undergo disciplinary punishment therein.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): All premises in which disciplinary punishments are undergone shall conform to the sanitary
p.(None): requirements set forth in Article 25. A prisoner of war undergoing punishment shall be enabled
p.(None): to keep himself in a state of cleanliness, in conformity with Article 29.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Officers and persons of equivalent status shall not be lodged in the same quarters as non-
p.(None): commissioned officers or men.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Women prisoners of war undergoing disciplinary punishment shall be confined in separate
p.(None): quarters from male prisoners of war and shall be under the immediate supervision of women.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 98. A prisoner of war undergoing confinement as a disciplinary punishment, shall continue to
p.(None): enjoy the benefits of.the provisions of this Convention except in so far as these are necessarily
p.(None): rendered inapplicable by the mere fact that he is confined. In no case may he be deprived of the
p.(None): benefits of the provisions of Articles 78 and 126.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A prisoner of war awarded disciplinary punishment may not be deprived of the prerogatives
p.(None): attached to his rank.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war awarded disciplinary punishment shall be allowed to exercise and to stay in the
p.(None): open air at least two hours daily.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): They shall be allowed, on their request, to be present at the daily medical inspections. They
p.(None): shall receive the attention which their state of health requires and, if necessary, shall be
p.(None): removed to the camp infirmary or to a hospital.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): They shall have permission to read and write, likewise to send and receive letters. Parcels and
p.(None): remittances of money however, may be withheld from them until the completion of the
p.(None): punishment; they shall meanwhile be entrusted to the prisoners' representative, who-will hand
p.(None): over to the infirmary the perishable goods contained in such parcels.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): III. Juridicial Proceedings
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 99. No prisoner of war may be tried or sentenced for an act which is not forbidden by the law
p.(None): of the Detaining Power or by international law, in force at the time the said act was committed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No moral or physical coercion may be exerted on a prisoner of war in order to induce him to
p.(None): admit himself guilty of the act of which he is accused.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No prisoner of war may be convicted without having had an opportunity to present his defence
p.(None): and the assistance of a qualified advocate or counsel.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 100. Prisoners of war and the Protecting Powers shall be informed as soon as possible of
p.(None): the offences which are punishable by the death sentence under the laws of the Detaining
p.(None): Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Other offences shall not thereafter be made punishable by the death penalty without the
p.(None): concurrence of the Power on which the prisoners of war depend.
p.(None): The death sentence cannot be pronounced on a prisoner of war unless the attention of the court
p.(None): has, in accordance with Article 87, second paragraph, been particularly called to the fact that
p.(None): since the accused is not a national of the Detaining Power, he is not bound to it by any duty of
p.(None): allegiance, and that he is in its power as the result of circumstances independent of his own will.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 101. If the death penalty is pronounced on a prisoner of war, the sentence shall not be
p.(None): executed before the expiration of a period of at least six months from the date when the
p.(None): Protecting Power receives, at an indicated address, the detailed communication provided for in
p.(None): Article 107.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 102. A prisoner of war can be validly sentenced only if the sentence has been pronounced
p.(None): by the same courts according to the same procedure as in the case of members of the armed
p.(None): forces of the Detaining Power, and if, furthermore, the provisions of the present Chapter have
p.(None): been observed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 103. Judicial investigations relating to a prisoner of war shall be conducted as rapidly as
p.(None): circumstances permit and so that his trial shall take place as soon as possible. A prisoner of war
p.(None): shall not be confined while awaiting trial unless a member of the armed forces of the Detaining
p.(None): Power would be so confined if he were accused of a similar offence, or if it is essential to do so
...
p.(None): sentence of imprisonment passed upon him and taken into account in fixing any penalty.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The provisions of Articles 97 and 98 of this Chapter shall apply to a prisoner of war whilst in
p.(None): confinement awaiting trial.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 104. In any case in which the Detaining Power has decided to institute judicial proceedings
p.(None): against a prisoner of war, it shall notify the Protecting Power as soon as possible and at least
p.(None): three weeks before the opening of the trial. This period of three weeks shall run as from the day
p.(None): on which such notification reaches the Protecting Power at the address previously indicated by
p.(None): the latter to the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The said notification shall contain the following information:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Surname and first names of the prisoner of war, his rank, his army, regimental, personal or
p.(None): serial number, his date of birth, and his profession or trade, if any;
p.(None): (2) Place of internment or confinement;
p.(None): (3) Specification of the charge or charges on which the prisoner of war is to be arraigned, giving
p.(None): the legal provisions applicable;
p.(None): (4) Designation of the court which will try the case, likewise the date and place fixed for the
p.(None): opening of the trial.
p.(None): The same communication shall be made by the Detaining Power to the prisoners'
p.(None): representative.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If no evidence is submitted, at the opening of a trial, that the notification referred to above was
p.(None): received by the Protecting Power, by the prisoner of war and by the prisoners' representative
p.(None): concerned, at least three weeks before the opening of the trial, then the latter cannot take place
p.(None): and must be adjourned.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 105. The prisoner of war shall be entitled to assistance by one of his prisoner comrades, to
p.(None): defence by a qualified advocate or counsel of his own choice, to the calling of witnesses and, if
p.(None): he deems necessary, to the services of a competent interpreter. He shall be advised of these
p.(None): rights by the Detaining Power in due time before the trial.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Failing a choice by the prisoner of war, the Protecting Power shall find him an advocate or
p.(None): counsel, and shall have at least one week at its disposal for the purpose. The Detaining Power
p.(None): shall deliver to the said Power, on request, a list of persons qualified to present the defence.
p.(None): Failing a choice of an advocate or counsel by the prisoner of war or the Protecting Power, the
p.(None): Detaining Power shall appoint a competent advocate or counsel to conduct the defence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The advocate or counsel conducting the defence on behalf of the prisoner of war shall have at
p.(None): his disposal a period of two weeks at least before the opening of the trial, as well as the
p.(None): necessary facilities to prepare the defence of the accused. He may, in particular, freely visit the
p.(None): accused and interview him in private. He may also confer with any witnesses for the defence,
p.(None): including prisoners of war. He shall have the benefit of these facilities until the term of appeal or
p.(None): petition has expired.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Particulars of the charge or charges on which the prisoner of war is to be arraigned, as well as
p.(None): the documents which are generally communicated to the accused by virtue of the laws in force
p.(None): in the armed forces of the Detaining Power, shall be communicated to the accused prisoner of
p.(None): war in a language which he understands, and in good time before the opening of the trial. The
p.(None): same communication in the same circumstances shall be made to the advocate or counsel
p.(None): conducting the defence on behalf of the prisoner of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The representatives of the Protecting Power shall be entitled to attend the trial of the case,
p.(None): unless, exceptionally, this is held in camera in the interest of State security. In such a case the
p.(None): Detaining Power shall advise the Protecting Power accordingly.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 106. Every prisoner of war shall have, in the same manner as the members of the armed
p.(None): forces of the Detaining Power, the right of appeal or petition from any sentence pronounced
p.(None): upon him, with a view to the quashing or revising of the sentence or the reopening of the trial.
p.(None): He shall be fully informed of his right to appeal or petition and of the time limit within which he
p.(None): may do so.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 107. Any judgment and sentence pronounced upon a prisoner of war shall be immediately
p.(None): reported to the Protecting Power in the form of a summary communication, which shall also
p.(None): indicate whether he has the right of appeal with a view to the quashing of the sentence or the
p.(None): reopening of the trial. This communication shall likewise be sent to the prisoners' representative
p.(None): concerned. It shall also be sent to the accused prisoner of war in a language he understands, if
p.(None): the sentence was not pronounced in his presence. The Detaining Power shall also immediately
p.(None): communicate to the Protecting Power the decision of the prisoner of war to use or to waive his
p.(None): right of appeal.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Furthermore, if a prisoner of war is finally convicted or if a sentence pronounced on a prisoner of
p.(None): war in the first instance is a death sentence, the Detaining Power shall as soon as possible
p.(None): address to the Protecting Power a detailed communication containing:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) the precise wording of the finding and sentence;
p.(None): (2) a summarized report of any preliminary investigation and of the trial, emphasizing in
p.(None): particular the elements of the prosecution and the defence;
p.(None): (3) notification, where applicable, of the establishment where the sentence will be served.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The communications provided for in the foregoing sub-paragraphs shall be sent to the
p.(None): Protecting Power at the address previously made known to the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 108.Sentences pronounced on prisoners of war after a conviction has become duly
p.(None): enforceable, shall be served in the same establishments and under the same conditions as in
p.(None): the case of members of the armed forces of the Detaining Power. These conditions shall in all
p.(None): cases conform to the requirements of health and humanity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A woman prisoner of war on whom such a sentence has been pronounced shall be confined in
p.(None): separate quarters and shall be under the supervision of women.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In any case, prisoners of war sentenced to a penalty depriving them of their liberty shall retain
p.(None): the benefit of the provisions of Articles 78 and 126 of the present Convention. Furthermore, they
p.(None): shall be entitled to receive and despatch correspondence, to receive at least one relief parcel
p.(None): monthly, to take regular exercise in the open air, to have the medical care required by their state
p.(None): of health, and the spiritual assistance they may desire. Penalties to which they may be
p.(None): subjected shall be in accordance with the provisions of Article 87, third paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part IV. Termination of Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section I. Direct Repatriation and Accommodation in Neutral Countries
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 109. Subject to the provisions of the third paragraph of this Article, Parties to the conflict are
p.(None): bound to send back to their own country, regardless of number or rank, seriously wounded and
p.(None): seriously sick prisoners of war, after having cared for them until they are fit to travel, in
p.(None): accordance with the first paragraph of the following Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Throughout the duration of hostilities, Parties to the conflict shall endeavour, with the
p.(None): cooperation of the neutral Powers concerned, to make arrangements for the accommodation in
p.(None): neutral countries of the sick and wounded prisoners of war referred to in the second paragraph
p.(None): of the following Article. They may, in addition, conclude agreements with a view to the direct
p.(None): repatriation or internment in a neutral country of able-bodied prisoners of war who have
p.(None): undergone a long period of captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No sick or injured prisoner of war who is eligible for repatriation under the first paragraph of this
p.(None): Article, may be repatriated against his will during hostilities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 110. The following shall be repatriated direct:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Incurably wounded and sick whose mental or physical fitness seems to have been gravely
p.(None): diminished.
p.(None): (2) Wounded and sick who, according to medical opinion, are not likely to recover within one
p.(None): year, whose condition requires treatment and whose mental or physical fitness seems to have
p.(None): been gravely diminished.
p.(None): (3) Wounded and sick who have recovered, but whose mental or physical fitness seems to have
p.(None): been gravely and permanently diminished.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following may be accommodated in a neutral country:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Wounded and sick whose recovery may be expected within one year of the date of the
p.(None): wound or the beginning of the illness, if treatment in a neutral country might increase the
p.(None): prospects of a more certain and speedy recovery.
p.(None): (2) Prisoners of war whose mental or physical health, according to medical opinion, is seriously
p.(None): threatened by continued captivity, but whose accommodation in a neutral country might remove
p.(None): such a threat.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The conditions which prisoners of war accommodated in a neutral country must fulfil in order to
p.(None): permit their repatriation shall be fixed, as shall likewise their status, by agreement between the
p.(None): Powers concerned. In general, prisoners of war who have been accommodated in a neutral
p.(None): country, and who belong to the following categories, should be repatriated:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Those whose state of health has deteriorated so as to fulfil the condition laid down for direct
p.(None): repatriation;
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Those whose mental or physical powers remain, even after treatment, considerably
p.(None): impaired.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If no special agreements are concluded between the Parties to the conflict concerned, to
p.(None): determine the cases of disablement or sickness entailing direct repatriation or accommodation
p.(None): in a neutral country, such cases shall be settled in accordance with the principles laid down in
p.(None): the Model Agreement concerning direct repatriation and accommodation in neutral countries of
p.(None): wounded and sick prisoners of war and in the Regulations concerning Mixed Medical
p.(None): Commissions annexed to the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 111. The Detaining Power, the Power on which the prisoners of war depend, and a neutral
p.(None): Power agreed upon by these two Powers, shall endeavour to conclude agreements which will
p.(None): enable prisoners of war to be interned in the territory of the said neutral Power until the close of
p.(None): hostilities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 112. Upon the outbreak of hostilities, Mixed Medical Commissions shall be appointed to
p.(None): examine sick and wounded prisoners of war, and to make all appropriate decisions regarding
p.(None): them. The appointment, duties and functioning of these Commissions shall be in conformity with
p.(None): the provisions of the Regulations annexed to the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): However, prisoners of war who, in the opinion of the medical authorities of the Detaining Power,
p.(None): are manifestly seriously injured or seriously sick, may be repatriated without having to be
p.(None): examined by a Mixed Medical Commission.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 113. Besides those who are designated by the medical authorities of the Detaining Power,
p.(None): wounded or sick prisoners of war belonging to the categories listed below shall be entitled to
p.(None): present themselves for examination by the Mixed Medical Commissions provided for in the
p.(None): foregoing Article:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Wounded and sick proposed by a physician or surgeon who is of the same nationality, or a
p.(None): national of a Party to the conflict allied with the Power on which the said prisoners depend, and
p.(None): who exercises his functions in the camp.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Wounded and sick proposed by their prisoners' representative.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Wounded and sick proposed by the Power on which they depend, or by an organization duly
p.(None): recognized by the said Power and giving assistance to the prisoners.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who do not belong to one of the three foregoing categories may nevertheless
p.(None): present themselves for examination by Mixed Medical Commissions, but shall be examined only
p.(None): after those belonging to the said categories.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The physician or surgeon of the same nationality as the prisoners who present themselves for
p.(None): examination by the Mixed Medical Commission, likewise the prisoners' representative of the
p.(None): said prisoners, shall have permission to be present at the examination.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 114. Prisoners of war who meet with accidents shall, unless the injury is self-inflicted, have
p.(None): the benefit of the provisions of this Convention as regards repatriation or accommodation in a
p.(None): neutral country.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 115. No prisoner of war on whom a disciplinary punishment has been imposed and who is
p.(None): eligible for repatriation or for accommodation in a neutral country, may be kept back on the plea
p.(None): that he has not undergone his punishment.
p.(None): Prisoners of war detained in connection with a judicial prosecution or conviction, and who are
p.(None): designated for repatriation or accommodation in a neutral country, may benefit by such
p.(None): measures before the end of the proceedings or the completion of the punishment, if the
p.(None): Detaining Power consents.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Parties to the conflict shall communicate to each other the names of those who will be detained
p.(None): until the end of the proceedings or the completion of the punishment.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 116. The cost of repatriating prisoners of war or of transporting them to a neutral country
p.(None): shall be borne, from the frontiers of the Detaining Power, by the Power on which the said
p.(None): prisoners depend.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 117. No repatriated person may be employed on active military service.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section II. Release and Repatriation of Prisoners of War at the Close of Hostilities
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 118. Prisoners of war shall be released and repatriated without delay after the cessation of
p.(None): active hostilities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In the absence of stipulations to the above effect in any agreement concluded between the
p.(None): Parties to the conflict with a view to the cessation of hostilities, or failing any such agreement,
p.(None): each of the Detaining Powers shall itself establish and execute without delay a plan of
p.(None): repatriation in conformity with the principle laid down in the foregoing paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In either case, the measures adopted shall be brought to the knowledge of the prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The costs of repatriation of prisoners of war shall in all cases be equitably apportioned between
p.(None): the Detaining Power and the Power on which the prisoners depend. This apportionment shall be
p.(None): carried out on the following basis:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) If the two Powers are contiguous, the Power on which the prisoners of war depend shall
p.(None): bear the costs of repatriation from the frontiers of the Detaining Power.
p.(None): (b) If the two Powers are not contiguous, the Detaining Power shall bear the costs of transport of
p.(None): prisoners of war over its own territory as far as its frontier or its port of embarkation nearest to
p.(None): the territory of the Power on which the prisoners of war depend. The Parties concerned shall
p.(None): agree between themselves as to the equitable apportionment of the remaining costs of the
p.(None): repatriation. The conclusion of this agreement shall in no circumstances justify any delay in the
p.(None): repatriation of the prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 119. Repatriation shall be effected in conditions similar to those laid down in Articles 46 to
p.(None): 48 inclusive of the present Convention for the transfer of prisoners of war, having regard to the
p.(None): provisions of Article 118 and to those of the following paragraphs.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): On repatriation, any articles of value impounded from prisoners of war under Article 18, and any
p.(None): foreign currency which has not been converted into the currency of the Detaining Power, shall
p.(None): be restored to them. Articles of value and foreign currency which, for any reason whatever, are
p.(None): not restored to prisoners of war on repatriation, shall be despatched to the Information Bureau
p.(None): set up under Article 122.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall be allowed to take with them their personal effects, and any
p.(None): correspondence and parcels which have arrived for them. The weight of such baggage may be
p.(None): limited, if the conditions of repatriation so require, to what each prisoner can reasonably carry.
p.(None): Each prisoner shall in all cases be authorized to carry at least twenty-five kilograms.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The other personal effects of the repatriated prisoner shall be left in the charge of the Detaining
p.(None): Power which shall have them forwarded to him as soon as it has concluded an agreement to
p.(None): this effect, regulating the conditions of transport and the payment of the costs involved, with the
p.(None): Power on which the prisoner depends.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war against whom criminal proceedings for an indictable offence are pending may
p.(None): be detained until the end of such proceedings, and, if necessary, until the completion of the
p.(None): punishment. The same shall apply to prisoners of war already convicted for an indictable
p.(None): offence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Parties to the conflict shall communicate to each other the names of any prisoners of war who
p.(None): are detained until the end of the proceedings or until punishment has been completed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): By agreement between the Parties to the conflict, commissions shall be established for the
p.(None): purpose of searching for dispersed prisoners of war and of assuring their repatriation with the
p.(None): least possible delay.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section III. Death of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 120. Wills of prisoners of war shall be drawn up so as to satisfy the conditions of validity
p.(None): required by the legislation of their country of origin, which will take steps to inform the Detaining
p.(None): Power of its requirements in this respect. At the request of the prisoner of war and, in all cases,
p.(None): after death, the will shall be transmitted without delay to the Protecting Power; a certified copy
p.(None): shall be sent to the Central Agency.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Death certificates, in the form annexed to the present Convention, or lists certified by a
p.(None): responsible officer, of all persons who die as prisoners of war shall be forwarded as rapidly as
p.(None): possible to the Prisoner of War Information Bureau established in accordance with Article 122.
p.(None): The death certificates or certified lists shall show particulars of identity as set out in the third
p.(None): paragraph of Article 17, and also the date and place of death, the cause of death, the date and
p.(None): place of burial and all particulars necessary to identify the graves.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The burial or cremation of a prisoner of war shall be preceded by a medical examination of the
p.(None): body with a view to confirming death and enabling a report to be made and, where necessary,
p.(None): establishing identity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The detaining authorities shall ensure that prisoners of war who have died in captivity are
p.(None): honourably buried, if possible according to the rites of the religion to which they belonged, and
p.(None): that their graves are respected, suitably maintained and marked so as to be found at any time.
p.(None): Wherever possible, deceased prisoners of war who depended on the same Power shall be
p.(None): interred in the same place.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Deceased prisoners of war shall be buried in individual graves unless unavoidable
p.(None): circumstances require the use of collective graves. Bodies may be cremated only for imperative
p.(None): reasons of hygiene, on account of the religion of the deceased or in accordance with his
p.(None): express wish to this effect. In case of cremation, the fact shall be stated and the reasons given
p.(None): in the death certificate of the deceased.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In order that graves may always be found, all particulars of burials and graves shall be recorded
p.(None): with a Graves Registration Service established by the Detaining Power. Lists of graves and
p.(None): particulars of the prisoners of war interred in cemeteries and elsewhere shall be transmitted to
p.(None): the Power on which such prisoners of war depended. Responsibility for the care of these graves
p.(None): and for records of any subsequent moves of the bodies shall rest on the Power controlling the
p.(None): territory, if a Party to the present Convention. These provisions shall also apply to the ashes,
p.(None): which shall be kept by the Graves Registration Service until proper disposal thereof in
p.(None): accordance with the wishes of the home country.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 121. Every death or serious injury of a prisoner of war caused or suspected to have been
p.(None): caused by a sentry, another prisoner of war, or any other person, as well as any death the
p.(None): cause of which is unknown, shall be immediately followed by an official enquiry by the Detaining
p.(None): Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A communication on this subject shall be sent immediately to the Protecting Power. Statements
p.(None): shall be taken from witnesses, especially from those who are prisoners of war, and a report
p.(None): including such statements shall be forwarded to the Protecting Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If the enquiry indicates the guilt of one or more persons, the Detaining Power shall take all
p.(None): measures for the prosecution of the person or persons responsible.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): PART V. Information Bureaux and Relief Societies for Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 122. Upon the outbreak of a conflict and in all cases of occupation, each of the Parties to the
p.(None): conflict shall institute an official Information Bureau for prisoners of war who are in its power.
p.(None): Neutral or non-belligerent Powers who may have received within their territory persons
p.(None): belonging to one of the categories referred to in Article 4, shall take the same action with
p.(None): respect to such persons. The Power concerned shall ensure that the Prisoners of War
p.(None): Information Bureau is provided with the necessary accommodation, equipment and staff to
p.(None): ensure its efficient working. It shall be at liberty to employ prisoners of war in such a Bureau
p.(None): under the conditions laid down in the Section of the present Convention dealing with work by
p.(None): prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Within the shortest possible period, each of the Parties to the conflict shall give its Bureau the
p.(None): information referred to in the fourth, fifth and sixth paragraphs of this Article regarding any
p.(None): enemy person belonging to one of the categories referred to in Article 4, who has fallen into its
p.(None): power. Neutral or non-belligerent Powers shall take the same action with regard to persons
p.(None): belonging to such categories whom they have received within their territory.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Bureau shall immediately forward such information by the most rapid means to the Powers
p.(None): concerned, through the intermediary of the Protecting Powers and likewise of the Central
p.(None): Agency provided for in Article 123.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): This information shall make it possible quickly to advise the next of kin concerned. Subject to
p.(None): the provisions of Article 17, the information shall include, in so far as available to the Information
p.(None): Bureau, in respect of each prisoner of war, his surname, first names, rank, army, regimental,
p.(None): personal or serial number, place and full date of birth, indication of the Power on which he
p.(None): depends, first name of the father and maiden name of the mother, name and address of the
p.(None): person to be informed and the address to which correspondence for the prisoner may be sent.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Information Bureau shall receive from the various departments concerned information
p.(None): regarding transfers, releases, repatriations, escapes, admissions to hospital, and deaths, and
p.(None): shall transmit such information in the manner described in the third paragraph above.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Likewise, information regarding the state of health of prisoners of war who are seriously ill or
p.(None): seriously wounded shall be supplied regularly, every week if possible.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Information Bureau shall also be responsible for replying to all enquiries sent to it
p.(None): concerning prisoners of war, including those who have died in captivity; it will make any
p.(None): enquiries necessary to obtain the information which is asked for if this is not in its possession.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): All written communications made by the Bureau shall be authenticated by a signature or a seal.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Information Bureau shall furthermore be charged with collecting all personal valuables,
p.(None): including sums in currencies other than that of the Detaining Power and documents of
p.(None): importance to the next of kin, left by prisoners of war who have been repatriated or released, or
p.(None): who have escaped or died, and shall forward the said valuables to the Powers concerned. Such
p.(None): articles shall be sent by the Bureau in sealed packets which shall be accompanied by
p.(None): statements giving clear and full particulars of the identity of the person to whom the articles
p.(None): belonged, and by a complete list of the contents of the parcel. Other personal effects of such
p.(None): prisoners of war shall be transmitted under arrangements agreed upon between the Parties to
p.(None): the conflict concerned.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 123. A Central Prisoners of War Information Agency shall be created in a neutral country.
p.(None): The International Committee of the Red Cross shall, if it deems necessary, propose to the
p.(None): Powers concerned the organization of such an Agency.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The function of the Agency shall be to collect all the information it may obtain through official or
p.(None): private channels respecting prisoners of war, and to transmit it as rapidly as possible to the
p.(None): country of origin of the prisoners of war or to the Power on which they depend. It shall receive
p.(None): from the Parties to the conflict all facilities for effecting such transmissions.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The High Contracting Parties, and in particular those whose nationals benefit by the services of
p.(None): the Central Agency, are requested to give the said Agency the financial aid it may require.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The foregoing provisions shall in no way be interpreted as restricting the humanitarian activities
p.(None): of the International Committee of the Red Cross, or of the relief societies provided for in Article
p.(None): 125.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 124. The national Information Bureaux and the Central Information Agency shall enjoy free
p.(None): postage for mail, likewise all the exemptions provided for in Article 74, and further, so far as
p.(None): possible, exemption from telegraphic charges or, at least, greatly reduced rates.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 125. Subject to the measures which the Detaining Powers may consider essential to ensure
p.(None): their security or to meet any other reasonable need, the representatives of religious
p.(None): organizations, relief societies, or any other organization assisting prisoners of war, shall receive
p.(None): from the said Powers, for themselves and their duly accredited agents, all necessary facilities for
p.(None): visiting the prisoners, for distributing relief supplies and material, from any source, intended for
p.(None): religious, educational or recreative purposes, and for assisting them in organizing their leisure
p.(None): time within the camps. Such societies or organizations may be constituted in the territory of the
p.(None): Detaining Power or in any other country, or they may have an international character.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power may limit the number of societies and organizations whose delegates are
p.(None): allowed to carry out their activities in its territory and under its supervision, on condition,
p.(None): however, that such limitation shall not hinder the effective operation of adequate relief to all
p.(None): prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The special position of the International Committee of the Red Cross in this field shall be
p.(None): recognized and respected at all times.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): As soon as relief supplies or material intended for the above-mentioned purposes are handed
p.(None): over to prisoners of war, or very shortly afterwards, receipts for each consignment, signed by
p.(None): the prisoners' representative, shall be forwarded to the relief society or organization making the
p.(None): shipment. At the same time, receipts for these consignments shall be supplied by the
p.(None): administrative authorities responsible for guarding the prisoners.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part VI. Execution of the Convention
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section I. General Provisions
p.(None): Art 126. Representatives or delegates of the Protecting Powers shall have permission to go to all
p.(None): places where prisoners of war may be, particularly to places of internment, imprisonment and
p.(None): labour, and shall have access to all premises occupied by prisoners of war; they shall also be
p.(None): allowed to go to the places of departure, passage and arrival of prisoners who are being
p.(None): transferred. They shall be able to interview the prisoners, and in particular the prisoners'
p.(None): representatives, without witnesses, either personally or through an interpreter.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Representatives and delegates of the Protecting Powers shall have full liberty to select the
p.(None): places they wish to visit. The duration and frequency of these visits shall not be restricted. Visits
p.(None): may not be prohibited except for reasons of imperative military necessity, and then only as an
p.(None): exceptional and temporary measure.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power and the Power on which the said prisoners of war depend may agree, if
p.(None): necessary, that compatriots of these prisoners of war be permitted to participate in the visits.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The delegates of the International Committee of the Red Cross shall enjoy the same
p.(None): prerogatives. The appointment of such delegates shall be submitted to the approval of the
p.(None): Power detaining the prisoners of war to be visited.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 127. The High Contracting Parties undertake, in time of peace as in time of war, to
p.(None): disseminate the text of the present Convention as widely as possible in their respective
p.(None): countries, and, in particular, to include the study thereof in their programmes of military and, if
p.(None): possible, civil instruction, so that the principles thereof may become known to all their armed
p.(None): forces and to the entire population.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any military or other authorities, who in time of war assume responsibilities in respect of
p.(None): prisoners of war, must possess the text of the Convention and be specially instructed as to its
p.(None): provisions.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 128. The High Contracting Parties shall communicate to one another through the Swiss
p.(None): Federal Council and, during hostilities, through the Protecting Powers, the official translations of
p.(None): the present Convention, as well as the laws and regulations which they may adopt to ensure the
p.(None): application thereof.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 129. The High Contracting Parties undertake to enact any legislation necessary to provide
p.(None): effective penal sanctions for persons committing, or ordering to be committed, any of the grave
p.(None): breaches of the present Convention defined in the following Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Each High Contracting Party shall be under the obligation to search for persons alleged to have
p.(None): committed. or to have ordered to be committed, such grave breaches, and shall bring such
p.(None): persons, regardless of their nationality, before its own courts. It may also, if it prefers, and in
p.(None): accordance with the provisions of its own legislation, hand such persons over for trial to another
p.(None): High Contracting Party concerned, provided such High Contracting Party has made out a prima
p.(None): facie case.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Each High Contracting Party shall take measures necessary for the suppression of all acts
p.(None): contrary to the provisions of the present Convention other than the grave breaches defined in
p.(None): the following Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): when the denouncing Power is involved in a conflict shall not take effect until peace has been
p.(None): concluded, and until after operations connected with release and repatriation of the persons
p.(None): protected by the present Convention have been terminated.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The denunciation shall have effect only in respect of the denouncing Power. It shall in no way
p.(None): impair the obligations which the Parties to the conflict shall remain bound to fulfil by virtue of the
p.(None): principles of the law of nations, as they result from the usages established among civilized
p.(None): peoples, from the laws of humanity and the dictates of the public conscience.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 143. The Swiss Federal Council shall register the present Convention with the Secretariat of
p.(None): the United Nations. The Swiss Federal Council shall also inform the Secretariat of the United
p.(None): Nations of all ratifications, accessions and denunciations received by it with respect to the
p.(None): present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, having deposited their respective full powers, have
p.(None): signed the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): DONE at Geneva this twelfth day of August 1949, in the English and French languages. The
p.(None): original shall be deposited in the Archives of the Swiss Confederation. The Swiss Federal
p.(None): Council shall transmit certified copies thereof to each of the signatory and acceding States.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Annex I. Model Agreement Concerning Direct Repatriation and Accommodation in Neutral
p.(None): Countries of Wounded and Sick Prisoners of War.(see Art 110.)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): I. Principles for Direct Repatriation and Accommodation in Neutral Countries
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A. DIRECT REPATRIATION
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following shall be repatriated direct:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) All prisoners of war suffering from the following disabilities as the result of trauma: loss of a
p.(None): limb, paralysis, articular or other disabilities, when this disability is at least the loss of a hand or
p.(None): a foot, or the equivalent of the loss of a hand or a foot.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Without prejudice to a more generous interpretation, the following shall be considered as
p.(None): equivalent to the loss of a hand or a foot:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) Loss of a hand or of all the fingers, or of the thumb and forefinger of one hand; loss of a foot,
p.(None): or of all the toes and metatarsals of one foot.
p.(None): (b) Ankylosis, loss of osseous tissue, cicatricial contracture preventing the functioning of one of
p.(None): the large articulations or of all the digital joints of one hand.
p.(None): (c) Pseudarthrosis of the long bones.
p.(None): (d) Deformities due to fracture or other injury which seriously interfere with function and weight-
p.(None): bearing power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) All wounded prisoners of war whose condition has become chronic, to the extent that
p.(None): prognosis appears to exclude recovery--in spite of treatment--within one year from the date of
p.(None): the injury, as, for example, in case of:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) Projectile in the heart, even if the Mixed Medical Commission should fail, at the time of their
p.(None): examination, to detect any serious disorders.
p.(None): (b) Metallic splinter in the brain or the lungs, even if the Mixed Medical Commission cannot, at
p.(None): the time of examination, detect any local or general reaction.
p.(None): (c) Osteomyelitis, when recovery cannot be foreseen in the course of the year following the
p.(None): injury, and which seems likely to result in ankylosis of a joint, or other impairments equivalent to
p.(None): the loss of a hand or a foot.
p.(None): (d) Perforating and suppurating injury to the large joints.
p.(None): (e) Injury to the skull, with loss or shifting of bony tissue.
p.(None): (f) Injury or burning of the face with loss of tissue and functional lesions.
p.(None): (g) Injury to the spinal cord.
p.(None): (h) Lesion of the peripheral nerves, the sequelae of which are equivalent to the loss of a hand or
p.(None): foot, and the cure of which requires more than a year from the date of injury, for.example: injury
p.(None): to the brachial or lumbosacral plexus median or sciatic nerves, likewise combined injury to the
p.(None): radial and cubital nerves or to the lateral popliteal nerve (N. peroneous communis) and medial
p.(None): popliteal nerve (N. tibialis); etc. The separate injury of the radial (musculo-spiral), cubital, lateral
p.(None): or medial popliteal nerves shall not, however, warrant repatriation except in case of contractures
p.(None): or of serious neurotrophic disturbance.
p.(None): (i) Injury to the urinary system, with incapacitating results.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) All sick prisoners of war whose condition has become chronic to the extent that prognosis
p.(None): seems to exclude recovery--in, spite of treatment-- within one year from the inception of the
p.(None): disease, as, for example, in
p.(None): case of:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) Progressive tuberculosis of any organ which, according to medical prognosis, cannot be
p.(None): cured or at least considerably improved by treatment in a neutral country.
p.(None): (b) Exudate pleurisy.
p.(None): (c) Serious diseases of the respiratory organs of non-tubercular etiology, presumed incurable,
p.(None): for example: serious pulmonary emphysema, with or without bronchitis; chronic asthma *;
p.(None): chronic bronchitis * lasting more than one year in captivity; bronchiectasis *; etc.
p.(None): (d) Serious chronic affections of the circulatory system, for example: valvular lesions and
p.(None): myocarditis *, which have shown signs of circulatory failure during captivity, even though the
p.(None): Mixed Medical Commission cannot detect any such signs at the time of examination; affections
p.(None): of the pericardium and the vessels (Buerger's disease, aneurisms of the large vessels); etc.
p.(None): (e) Serious chronic affections of the digestive organs, for example: gastric or duodenal ulcer;
p.(None): sequelae of gastric operations performed in captivity; chronic gastritis, enteritis or colitis, having
p.(None): lasted more than one year and seriously affecting the general condition; cirrhosis of the liver;
p.(None): chronic cholecystopathy *; etc.
p.(None): (f) Serious chronic affections of the genito-urinary organs, for example: chronic diseases of the
p.(None): kidney with consequent disorders; nephrectomy because of a tubercular kidney; chronic pyelitis
p.(None): or chronic cystitis; hydronephrosis or pyonephrosis; chronic grave gynaecological conditions;
...
p.(None): glaucoma, iritis, choroiditis; trachoma; etc.
p.(None): (k) Auditive disorders, such as total unilateral deafness, if the other ear does not discern the
p.(None): ordinary spoken word at a distance of one metre *; etc.
p.(None): (l) Serious affections of metabolism, for example: diabetes mellitus requiring insulin treatment;
p.(None): etc.
p.(None): (m) Serious disorders of the endocrine glands, for example: thyrotoxicosis; hypothyrosis;
p.(None): Addison's disease; Simmonds' cachexia; tetany; etc.
p.(None): (n) Grave and chronic disorders of the blood-forming organs.
p.(None): (o) Serious cases of chronic intoxication, for example: lead poisoning, mercury poisoning,
p.(None): morphinism, cocainism, alcoholism; gas or radiation poisoning; etc.
p.(None): (p) Chronic affections of locomotion, with obvious functional disorders, for example: arthritis
p.(None): deformans; primary and secondary progressive chronic polyarthritis; rheumatism with serious
p.(None): clinical symptoms; etc.
p.(None): (q) Serious chronic skin diseases, not amenable to treatment.
p.(None): (r) Any malignant growth.
p.(None): (s) Serious chronic infectious diseases, persisting for one year after their inception, for example:
p.(None): malaria with decided organic impairment, amoebic or bacillary dysentery with grave disorders;
p.(None): tertiary visceral syphilis resistant to treatment; leprosy; etc.
p.(None): (t) Serious avitaminosis or serious inanition.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): [NOTE] * The decision of the Mixed Medical Commission shall be based to a great extent on the
p.(None): records kept by camp physicians and surgeons of the same nationality as the prisoners of war,
p.(None): or on an examination by medical specialists of the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): B. ACCOMMODATION IN NEUTRAL COUNTRIES
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following shall be eligible for accommodation in a neutral country:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) All wounded prisoners of war who are not likely to recover in captivity, but who might be
p.(None): cured or whose condition might be considerably improved by accommodation in a neutral
p.(None): country.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Prisoners of war suffering from any form of tuberculosis, of whatever organ, and whose
p.(None): treatment in a neutral country would be likely to lead to recovery or at least to considerable
p.(None): improvement, with the exception of primary tuberculosis cured before captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Prisoners of war suffering from affections requiring treatment of the respiratory, circulatory,
p.(None): digestive, nervous, sensory, genito-urinary, cutaneous, locomotive organs, etc., if such
p.(None): treatment would clearly have better results in a neutral country than in captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (4) Prisoners of war who have undergone a nephrectomy in captivity for a non-tubercular renal
p.(None): affection; cases of osteomyelitis, on the way to recovery or latent; diabetes mellitus not requiring
p.(None): insulin treatment; etc.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (5) Prisoners of war suffering from war or captivity neuroses. Cases of captivity neurosis which
p.(None): are not cured after three months of accommodation in a neutral country, or which after that
p.(None): length of time are not clearly on the way to complete cure, shall be repatriated.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (6) All prisoners of war suffering from chronic intoxication (gases, metals, alkaloids, etc.), for
p.(None): whom the prospects of cure in a neutral country are especially favourable.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (7) All women prisoners of war who are pregnant or mothers with infants and small children.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following cases shall not be eligible for accommodation in a neutral country:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) All duly verified chronic psychoses.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) All organic or functional nervous affections considered to be incurable.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) All contagious diseases during the period in which they are transmissible, with the exception
p.(None): of tuberculosis.
p.(None): II. General Observations
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) The conditions given shall, in a general way, be interpreted and applied in as broad a spirit
p.(None): as possible. Neuropathic and psychopathic conditions caused by war or captivity, as well as
p.(None): cases of tuberculosis in all stages, shall above all benefit by such liberal interpretation. Prisoners
p.(None): of war who have sustained several wounds, none of which, considered by itself, justifies
p.(None): repatriation, shall be examined in the same spirit, with due regard for the psychic traumatism
p.(None): due to the number of their wounds.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) All unquestionable cases giving the right to direct repatriation (amputation, total blindness or
p.(None): deafness, open pulmonary tuberculosis, mental disorder, malignant growth, etc.) shall be
p.(None): examined and repatriated as soon as possible by the camp physicians or by military medical
p.(None): commissions appointed by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Injuries and diseases which existed before the war and which have not become worse, as
p.(None): well as war injuries which have not prevented subsequent military service, shall not entitle to
p.(None): direct repatriation.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (4) The provisions of this Annex shall be interpreted and applied in a similar manner in all
p.(None): countries party to the conflict. The Powers and authorities concerned shall grant to Mixed
p.(None): Medical Commissions all the facilities necessary for the accomplishment of their task.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (5) The examples quoted under (1) above represent only typical cases. Cases which do not
p.(None): correspond exactly to these provisions shall be judged in the spirit of the provisions of Article
p.(None): 110 of the present Convention, and of the principles embodied in the present Agreement.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Annex II. Regulations Concerning Mixed Medical Commissions (see Art 112.)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 1. The Mixed Medical Commissions provided for in Article 112 of the Convention shall be
p.(None): composed of three members, two of whom shall belong to a neutral country, the third being
p.(None): appointed by the Detaining Power. One of the neutral members shall take the chair.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 2. The two neutral members shall be appointed by the International Committee of the Red
p.(None): Cross, acting in agreement with the Protecting Power, at the request of the Detaining Power.
p.(None): They may be domiciled either in their country of origin, in any other neutral country, or in the
p.(None): territory of the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 3. The neutral members shall be approved by the Parties to the conflict concerned, who shall
p.(None): notify their approval to the International Committee of the Red Cross and to the Protecting
p.(None): Power. Upon such notification, the neutral members shall be considered as effectively
p.(None): appointed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 4. Deputy members shall also be appointed in sufficient number to replace the regular
p.(None): members in case of need. They shall be appointed at the same time as the regular members or,
p.(None): at least, as soon as possible.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 5. If for any reason the International Committee of the Red Cross cannot arrange for the
p.(None): appointment of the neutral members, this shall be done by the Power protecting the interests of
p.(None): the prisoners of war to be examined.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 6. So far as possible, one of the two neutral members shall be a surgeon and the other a
p.(None): physician.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 7. The neutral members shall be entirely independent of the Parties to the conflict, which
p.(None): shall grant them all facilities in the accomplishment of their duties.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 8. By agreement with the Detaining Power, the International Committee of the Red Cross,
p.(None): when making the appointments provided for in Articles 2 and 4 of the present Regulations, shall
p.(None): settle the terms of service of the nominees.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 9. The Mixed Medical Commissions shall begin their work as soon as possible after the
p.(None): neutral members have been approved, and in any case within a period of three months from the
p.(None): date of such approval.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 10. The Mixed Medical Commissions shall examine all the prisoners designated in Article
p.(None): 113 of the Convention. They shall propose repatriation, rejection, or reference to a later
p.(None): examination. Their decisions shall be made by a majority vote.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 11. The decisions made by the Mixed Medical Commissions in each specific case shall be
p.(None): communicated, during the month following their visit, to the Detaining Power, the Protecting
p.(None): Power and the International Committee of the Red Cross. The Mixed Medical Commissions shall
p.(None): also inform each prisoner of war examined of the decision made, and shall issue to those whose
p.(None): repatriation has been proposed, certificates similar to the model appended to the present
p.(None): Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 12. The Detaining Power shall be required to carry out the decisions of the Mixed Medical
p.(None): Commissions within three months of the time when it receives due notification of such
p.(None): decisions.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 13. If there is no neutral physician in a country where the services of a Mixed Medical
p.(None): Commission seem to be required, and if it is for any reason impossible to appoint neutral
p.(None): doctors who are resident in another country, the Detaining Power, acting in agreement with the
p.(None): Protecting Power, shall set up a Medical Commission which shall undertake the same duties as
p.(None): a Mixed Medical Commission, subject to the provisions of Articles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8 of the
p.(None): present Regulations.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 14. Mixed Medical Commissions shall function permanently and shall visit each camp at
p.(None): intervals of not more than six months.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Annex III. Regulations Concerning Collective Relief (See Art 73.)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 1. Prisoners' representatives shall be allowed to distribute collective relief shipments for
p.(None): which they are responsible, to all prisoners of war administered by their camp, including those
p.(None): who are in hospitals, or in prisons or other penal establishments.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 2. The distribution of collective relief shipments shall be effected in accordance with the
p.(None): instructions of the donors and with a plan drawn up by the prisoners' representatives. The issue
p.(None): of medical stores shall, however, be made for preference in agreement with the senior medical
p.(None): officers, and the latter may, in hospitals and infirmaries, waive the said instructions, if the needs
p.(None): of their patients so demand. Within the limits thus defined, the distribution shall always be
p.(None): carried out equitably.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 3. The said prisoners' representatives or their assistants shall be allowed to go to the points
p.(None): of arrival of relief supplies near their camps, so as to enable the prisoners' representatives or
p.(None): their assistants to verify the quality as well as the quantity of the goods received, and to make
p.(None): out detailed reports thereon for the donors.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 4. Prisoners' representatives shall be given the facilities necessary for verifying whether the
p.(None): distribution of collective relief in all subdivisions and annexes of their camps has been carried
p.(None): out in accordance with their instructions.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 5. Prisoners' representatives shall be allowed to fill up, and cause to be filled up by the
p.(None): prisoners' representatives of labour detachments or by the senior medical officers of infirmaries
p.(None): and hospitals, forms or questionnaires intended for the donors, relating to collective relief
p.(None): supplies (distribution, requirements, quantities, etc.). Such forms and questionnaires, duly
p.(None): completed, shall be forwarded to the donors without delay.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 6. In order to secure the regular issue of collective relief to the prisoners of war in their camp,
p.(None): and to meet any needs that may arise from the arrival of new contingents of prisoners, prisoners'
p.(None): representatives shall be allowed to build up and maintain adequate reserve stocks of collective
p.(None): relief. For this purpose, they shall have suitable warehouses at their disposal; each warehouse
p.(None): shall be provided with two locks, the prisoners' representative holding the keys of one lock and
p.(None): the camp commander the keys of the other.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 7. When collective consignments of clothing are available, each prisoner of war shall retain
p.(None): in his possession at least one complete set of clothes. If a prisoner has more than one set of
p.(None): clothes, the prisoners' representative shall be permitted to withdraw excess clothing from those
p.(None): with the largest number of sets, or particular articles in excess of one, if this is necessary in
p.(None): order to supply prisoners who are less well provided. He shall not, however, withdraw second
p.(None): sets of underclothing, socks or footwear, unless this is the only means of providing for prisoners
p.(None): of war with none.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 8. The High Contracting Parties, and the Detaining Powers in particular, shall authorize, as
p.(None): far as possible and subject to the regulations governing the supply of the population, all
p.(None): purchases of goods made in their territories for the distribution of collective relief to prisoners of
p.(None): war. They shall similarly facilitate the transfer of funds and other financial measures of a
p.(None): technical or administrative nature taken for the purpose of making such purchases.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 9. The foregoing provisions shall not constitute an obstacle to the right of prisoners of war to
p.(None): receive collective relief before their arrival in a camp or in the course of transfer, nor to the
p.(None): possibility of representatives of the Protecting Power, the International Committee of the Red
p.(None): Cross, or any other body giving assistance to prisoners which may be responsible for the
p.(None): forwarding of such supplies, ensuring the distribution thereof to the addressees by any other
p.(None): means that they may deem useful.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Annex IV. (A) Identity Card(See Art 4.)
p.(None): Annex IV. (B) Captured Card(See Art 70.)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Annex IV. (C) Correspondence Card and Letter (See Art 71.)
p.(None): Annex IV. (D) Notification of Death (See Art 120.)
p.(None): Annex IV. (E) Repatriation Certificate (See AnnexII, Art 11.)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Annex V. Model Regulations Concerning Payments Sent by Prisoners to their Own Country
p.(None): (See Art 63.)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) The notification referred to in the third paragraph of Article 63 will show:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) number as specified in Article 17, rank, surname and first names of the prisoner of war who
p.(None): is the payer;
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) the name and address of the payee in the country of origin;
p.(None): (c) the amount to be so paid in the currency of the country in which he is detained.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) The notification will be signed by the prisoner of war, or his witnessed mark made upon it if
p.(None): he cannot write, and shall be countersigned by the prisoners' representative.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) The camp commander will add to this notification a certificate that the prisoner of war
p.(None): concerned has a credit balance of not less than the amount registered as payable.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (4) The notification may be made up in lists, each sheet of such lists being witnessed by the
p.(None): prisoners' representative and certified by the camp commander.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Up
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):     
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): © International Committee of the Red Cross • Accessibility • Copyright • Privacy policy • Tax deductions • UID: CHE-105.924.024
...
Political / Illegal Activity
Searching for indicator unlawful:
(return to top)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 12. Prisoners of war are in the hands of the enemy Power, but not of the individuals or
p.(None): military units who have captured them. Irrespective of the individual responsibilities that may
p.(None): exist, the Detaining Power is responsible for the treatment given them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war may only be transferred by the Detaining Power to a Power which is a party to
p.(None): the Convention and after the Detaining Power has satisfied itself of the willingness and ability of
p.(None): such transferee Power to apply the Convention. When prisoners of war are transferred under
p.(None): such circumstances, responsibility for the application of the Convention rests on the Power
p.(None): accepting them while they are in its custody.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Nevertheless, if that Power fails to carry out the provisions of the Convention in any important
p.(None): respect, the Power by whom the prisoners of war were transferred shall, upon being notified by
p.(None): the Protecting Power, take effective measures to correct the situation or shall request the return
p.(None): of the prisoners of war. Such requests must be complied with.
p.(None): Art 13. Prisoners of war must at all times be humanely treated. Any unlawful act or omission by
p.(None): the Detaining Power causing death or seriously endangering the health of a prisoner of war in
p.(None): its custody is prohibited, and will be regarded as a serious breach of the present Convention. In
p.(None): particular, no prisoner of war may be subjected to physical mutilation or to medical or scientific
p.(None): experiments of any kind which are not justified by the medical, dental or hospital treatment of
p.(None): the prisoner concerned and carried out in his interest.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Likewise, prisoners of war must at all times be protected, particularly against acts of violence or
p.(None): intimidation and against insults and public curiosity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Measures of reprisal against prisoners of war are prohibited.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 14. Prisoners of war are entitled in all circumstances to respect for their persons and their
p.(None): honour.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Women shall be treated with all the regard due to their sex and shall in all cases benefit by
p.(None): treatment as favourable as that granted to men.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall retain the full civil capacity which they enjoyed at the time of their capture.
p.(None): The Detaining Power may not restrict the exercise, either within or without its own territory, of the
...
Political / Prisoner of War
Searching for indicator prisoner of war:
(return to top)
p.(None): military units who have captured them. Irrespective of the individual responsibilities that may
p.(None): exist, the Detaining Power is responsible for the treatment given them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war may only be transferred by the Detaining Power to a Power which is a party to
p.(None): the Convention and after the Detaining Power has satisfied itself of the willingness and ability of
p.(None): such transferee Power to apply the Convention. When prisoners of war are transferred under
p.(None): such circumstances, responsibility for the application of the Convention rests on the Power
p.(None): accepting them while they are in its custody.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Nevertheless, if that Power fails to carry out the provisions of the Convention in any important
p.(None): respect, the Power by whom the prisoners of war were transferred shall, upon being notified by
p.(None): the Protecting Power, take effective measures to correct the situation or shall request the return
p.(None): of the prisoners of war. Such requests must be complied with.
p.(None): Art 13. Prisoners of war must at all times be humanely treated. Any unlawful act or omission by
p.(None): the Detaining Power causing death or seriously endangering the health of a prisoner of war in
p.(None): its custody is prohibited, and will be regarded as a serious breach of the present Convention. In
p.(None): particular, no prisoner of war may be subjected to physical mutilation or to medical or scientific
p.(None): experiments of any kind which are not justified by the medical, dental or hospital treatment of
p.(None): the prisoner concerned and carried out in his interest.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Likewise, prisoners of war must at all times be protected, particularly against acts of violence or
p.(None): intimidation and against insults and public curiosity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Measures of reprisal against prisoners of war are prohibited.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 14. Prisoners of war are entitled in all circumstances to respect for their persons and their
p.(None): honour.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Women shall be treated with all the regard due to their sex and shall in all cases benefit by
p.(None): treatment as favourable as that granted to men.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall retain the full civil capacity which they enjoyed at the time of their capture.
p.(None): The Detaining Power may not restrict the exercise, either within or without its own territory, of the
p.(None): rights such capacity confers except in so far as the captivity requires.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 15. The Power detaining prisoners of war shall be bound to provide free of charge for their
p.(None): maintenance and for the medical attention required by their state of health.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 16. Taking into consideration the provisions of the present Convention relating to rank and
p.(None): sex, and subject to any privileged treatment which may be accorded to them by reason of their
p.(None): state of health, age or professional qualifications, all prisoners of war shall be treated alike by
p.(None): the Detaining Power, without any adverse distinction based on race, nationality, religious belief
p.(None): or political opinions, or any other distinction founded on similar criteria.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part III. Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section 1. Beginning of Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 17. Every prisoner of war, when questioned on the subject, is bound to give only his
p.(None): surname, first names and rank, date of birth, and army, regimental, personal or serial number, or
p.(None): failing this, equivalent information.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If he wilfully infringes this rule, he may render himself liable to a restriction of the privileges
p.(None): accorded to his rank or status.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Each Party to a conflict is required to furnish the persons under its jurisdiction who are liable to
p.(None): become prisoners of war, with an identity card showing the owner's surname, first names, rank,
p.(None): army, regimental, personal or serial number or equivalent information, and date of birth. The
p.(None): identity card may, furthermore, bear the signature or the fingerprints, or both, of the owner, and
p.(None): may bear, as well, any other information the Party to the conflict may wish to add concerning
p.(None): persons belonging to its armed forces. As far as possible the card shall measure 6.5 x 10 cm.
p.(None): and shall be issued in duplicate. The identity card shall be shown by the prisoner of war upon
p.(None): demand, but may in no case be taken away from him.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No physical or mental torture, nor any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on prisoners of
p.(None): war to secure from them information of any kind whatever. Prisoners of war who refuse to
p.(None): answer may not be threatened, insulted, or exposed to unpleasant or disadvantageous
p.(None): treatment of any kind.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who, owing to their physical or mental condition, are unable to state their
p.(None): identity, shall be handed over to the medical service. The identity of such prisoners shall be
p.(None): established by all possible means, subject to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The questioning of prisoners of war shall be carried out in a language which they understand.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 18. All effects and articles of personal use, except arms, horses, military equipment and
p.(None): military documents, shall remain in the possession of prisoners of war, likewise their metal
p.(None): helmets and gas masks and like articles issued for personal protection. Effects and articles used
p.(None): for their clothing or feeding shall likewise remain in their possession, even if such effects and
...
p.(None): shall take all suitable precautions to ensure their safety during evacuation, and shall establish
p.(None): as soon as possible a list of the prisoners of war who are evacuated.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If prisoners of war must, during evacuation, pass through transit camps, their stay in such
p.(None): camps shall be as brief as possible.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section II. Internment of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter I. General Observations
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 21. The Detaining Power may subject prisoners of war to internment. It may impose on them
p.(None): the obligation of not leaving, beyond certain limits, the camp where they are interned, or if the
p.(None): said camp is fenced in, of not going outside its perimeter. Subject to the provisions of the
p.(None): present Convention relative to penal and disciplinary sanctions, prisoners of war may not be
p.(None): held in close confinement except where necessary to safeguard their health and then only
p.(None): during the continuation of the circumstances which make such confinement necessary.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war may be partially or wholly released on parole or promise, in so far as is allowed
p.(None): by the laws of the Power on which they depend. Such measures shall be taken particularly in
p.(None): cases where this may contribute to the improvement of their state of health. No prisoner of war
p.(None): shall be compelled to accept liberty on parole or promise.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Upon the outbreak of hostilities, each Party to the conflict shall notify the adverse Party of the
p.(None): laws and regulations allowing or forbidding its own nationals to accept liberty on parole or
p.(None): promise. Prisoners of war who are paroled or who have given their promise in conformity with
p.(None): the laws and regulations so notified, are bound on their personal honour scrupulously to fulfil,
p.(None): both towards the Power on which they depend and towards the Power which has captured them,
p.(None): the engagements of their paroles or promises. In such cases, the Power on which they depend
p.(None): is bound neither to require nor to accept from them any service incompatible with the parole or
p.(None): promise given.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 22. Prisoners of war may be interned only in premises located on land and affording every
p.(None): guarantee of hygiene and healthfulness. Except in particular cases which are justified by the
p.(None): interest of the prisoners themselves, they shall not be interned in penitentiaries.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war interned in unhealthy areas, or where the climate is injurious for them, shall be
p.(None): removed as soon as possible to a more favourable climate.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power shall assemble prisoners of war in camps or camp compounds according
p.(None): to their nationality, language and customs, provided that such prisoners shall not be separated
p.(None): from prisoners of war belonging to the armed forces with which they were serving at the time of
p.(None): their capture, except with their consent.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 23. No prisoner of war may at any time be sent to, or detained in areas where he may be
p.(None): exposed to the fire of the combat zone, nor may his presence be used to render certain points
p.(None): or areas immune from military operations.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall have shelters against air bombardment and other hazards of war, to the
p.(None): same extent as the local civilian population. With the exception of those engaged in the
p.(None): protection of their quarters against the aforesaid hazards, they may enter such shelters as soon
p.(None): as possible after the giving of the alarm. Any other protective measure taken in favour of the
p.(None): population shall also apply to them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Detaining Powers shall give the Powers concerned, through the intermediary of the Protecting
p.(None): Powers, all useful information regarding the geographical location of prisoner of war camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Whenever military considerations permit, prisoner of war camps shall be indicated in the day-
p.(None): time by the letters PW or PG, placed so as to be clearly visible from the air. The Powers
p.(None): concerned may, however, agree upon any other system of marking. Only prisoner of war camps
p.(None): shall be marked as such.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 24. Transit or screening camps of a permanent kind shall be fitted out under conditions
p.(None): similar to those described in the present Section, and the prisoners therein shall have the same
p.(None): treatment as in other camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter II. Quarters, Food and Clothing of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 25. Prisoners of war shall be quartered under conditions as favourable as those for the
p.(None): forces of the Detaining Power who are billeted in the same area. The said conditions shall make
p.(None): allowance for the habits and customs of the prisoners and shall in no case be prejudicial to their
p.(None): health.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The foregoing provisions shall apply in particular to the dormitories of prisoners of war as
p.(None): regards both total surface and minimum cubic space, and the general installations, bedding and
p.(None): blankets.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The premises provided for the use of prisoners of war individually or collectively, shall be
p.(None): entirely protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted, in particular between
p.(None): dusk and lights out. All precautions must be taken against the danger of fire.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In any camps in which women prisoners of war, as well as men, are accommodated, separate
...
p.(None): near future. Special facilities shall be afforded for the care to be given to the disabled, in
p.(None): particular to the blind, and for their. rehabilitation, pending repatriation.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall have the attention, preferably, of medical personnel of the Power on
p.(None): which they depend and, if possible, of their nationality.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war may not be prevented from presenting themselves to the medical authorities
p.(None): for examination. The detaining authorities shall, upon request, issue to every prisoner who has
p.(None): undergone treatment, an official certificate indicating the nature of his illness or injury, and the
p.(None): duration and kind of treatment received. A duplicate of this certificate shall be forwarded to the
p.(None): Central Prisoners of War Agency.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The costs of treatment, including those of any apparatus necessary for the maintenance of
p.(None): prisoners of war in good health, particularly dentures and other artificial appliances, and
p.(None): spectacles, shall be borne by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 31. Medical inspections of prisoners of war shall be held at least once a month. They shall
p.(None): include the checking and the recording of the weight of each prisoner of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Their purpose shall be, in particular, to supervise the general state of health, nutrition and
p.(None): cleanliness of prisoners and to detect contagious diseases, especially tuberculosis, malaria and
p.(None): venereal disease. For this purpose the most efficient methods available shall be employed, e.g.
p.(None): periodic mass miniature radiography for the early detection of tuberculosis.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 32. Prisoners of war who, though not attached to the medical service of their armed forces,
p.(None): are physicians, surgeons, dentists, nurses or medical orderlies, may be required by the
p.(None): Detaining Power to exercise their medical functions in the interests of prisoners of war
p.(None): dependent on the same Power. In that case they shall continue to be prisoners of war, but shall
p.(None): receive the same treatment as corresponding medical personnel retained by the Detaining
p.(None): Power. They shall be exempted from any other work under Article 49.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter IV. Medical Personnel and Chaplains Retained to Assist Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 33. Members of the medical personnel and chaplains while retained by the Detaining Power
p.(None): with a view to assisting prisoners of war, shall not be considered as prisoners of war. They shall,
...
p.(None): his absence a qualified layman, if such a course is feasible from a confessional point of view,
p.(None): shall be appointed, at the request of the prisoners concerned, to fill this office. This appointment,
p.(None): subject to the approval of the Detaining Power, shall take place with the agreement of the
p.(None): community of prisoners concerned and, wherever necessary, with the approval of the local
p.(None): religious authorities of the same faith. The person thus appointed shall comply with all
p.(None): regulations established by the Detaining Power in the interests of discipline and military security.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 38. While respecting the individual preferences of every prisoner, the Detaining Power shall
p.(None): encourage the practice of intellectual, educational, and recreational pursuits, sports and games
p.(None): amongst prisoners, and shall take the measures necessary to ensure the exercise thereof by
p.(None): providing them with adequate premises and necessary equipment.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners shall have opportunities for taking physical exercise, including sports and games, and
p.(None): for being out of doors. Sufficient open spaces shall be provided for this purpose in all camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter VI. Discipline
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 39. Every prisoner of war camp shall be put under the immediate authority of a responsible
p.(None): commissioned officer belonging to the regular armed forces of the Detaining Power. Such officer
p.(None): shall have in his possession a copy of the present Convention; he shall ensure that its
p.(None): provisions are known to the camp staff and the guard and shall be responsible, under the
p.(None): direction of his government, for its application.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war, with the exception of officers, must salute and show to all officers of the
p.(None): Detaining Power the external marks of respect provided for by the regulations applying in their
p.(None): own forces.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Officer prisoners of war are bound to salute only officers of a higher rank of the Detaining
p.(None): Power; they must, however, salute the camp commander regardless of his rank.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 40. The wearing of badges of rank and nationality, as well as of decorations, shall be
p.(None): permitted.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 41. In every camp the text of the present Convention and its Annexes and the contents of
p.(None): any special agreement provided for in Article 6, shall be posted, in the prisoners' own language,
p.(None): in places where all may read them. Copies shall be supplied, on request, to the prisoners who
...
p.(None): right of complaint, in conformity with Article 78.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 51. Prisoners of war must be granted suitable working conditions, especially as regards
p.(None): accommodation, food, clothing and equipment; such conditions shall not be inferior to those
p.(None): enjoyed by nationals of the Detaining Power employed in similar work; account shall also be
p.(None): taken of climatic conditions.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power, in utilizing the labour of prisoners of war, shall ensure that in areas in
p.(None): which such prisoners are employed, the national legislation concerning the protection of labour,
p.(None): and, more particularly, the regulations for the safety of workers, are duly applied.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall receive training and be provided with the means of protection suitable to
p.(None): the work they will have to do and similar to those accorded to the nationals of the Detaining
p.(None): Power. Subject to the provisions of Article 52, prisoners may be submitted to the normal risks
p.(None): run by these civilian workers.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Conditions of labour shall in no case be rendered more arduous by disciplinary measures.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 52. Unless he be a volunteer, no prisoner of war may be employed on labour which is of an
p.(None): unhealthy or dangerous nature.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No prisoner of war shall be assigned to labour which would be looked upon as humiliating for a
p.(None): member of the Detaining Power's own forces.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The removal of mines or similar devices shall be considered as dangerous labour.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 53. The duration of the daily labour of prisoners of war, including the time of the journey to
p.(None): and fro, shall not be excessive, and must in no case exceed that permitted for civilian workers in
p.(None): the district, who are nationals of the Detaining Power and employed on the same work.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war must be allowed, in the middle of the day's work, a rest of not less than one
p.(None): hour. This rest will be the same as that to which workers of the Detaining Power are entitled, if
p.(None): the latter is of longer duration. They shall be allowed in addition a rest of twenty-four
p.(None): consecutive hours every week, preferably on Sunday or the day of rest in their country of origin.
p.(None): Furthermore, every prisoner who has worked for one year shall be granted a rest of eight
p.(None): consecutive days, during which his working pay shall be paid him.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If methods of labour such as piece work are employed, the length of the working period shall
p.(None): not be rendered excessive thereby.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 54. The working pay due to prisoners of war shall be fixed in accordance with the provisions
p.(None): of Article 62 of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who sustain accidents in connection with work, or who contract a disease in
p.(None): the course, or in consequence of their work, shall receive all the care their condition may
p.(None): require. The Detaining Power shall furthermore deliver to such prisoners of war a medical
p.(None): certificate enabling them to submit their claims to the Power on which they depend, and shall
p.(None): send a duplicate to the Central Prisoners of War Agency provided for in Article 123.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 55. The fitness of prisoners of war for work shall be periodically verified by medical
p.(None): examinations at least once a month. The examinations shall have particular regard to the nature
p.(None): of the work which prisoners of war are required to do.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If any prisoner of war considers himself incapable of working, he shall be permitted to appear
p.(None): before the medical authorities of his camp. Physicians or surgeons may recommend that the
p.(None): prisoners who are, in their opinion, unfit for work, be exempted therefrom.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 56. The organization and administration of labour detachments shall be similar to those of
p.(None): prisoner of war camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Every labour detachment shall remain under the control of and administratively part of a
p.(None): prisoner of war camp. The military authorities and the commander of the said camp shall be
p.(None): responsible, under the direction of their government, for the observance of the provisions of the
p.(None): present Convention in labour detachments.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The camp commander shall keep an up-to-date record of the labour detachments dependent on
p.(None): his camp, and shall communicate it to the delegates of the Protecting Power, of the International
p.(None): Committee of the Red Cross, or of other agencies giving relief to prisoners of war, who may visit
p.(None): the camp.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 57. The treatment of prisoners of war who work for private persons, even if the latter are
p.(None): responsible for guarding and protecting them, shall not be inferior to that which is provided for by
p.(None): the present Convention. The Detaining Power, the military authorities and the commander of the
p.(None): camp to which such prisoners belong shall be entirely responsible for the maintenance, care,
p.(None): treatment, and payment of the working pay of such prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Such prisoners of war shall have the right to remain in communication with the prisoners'
p.(None): representatives in the camps on which they depend.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): direct. The rate shall be fixed by the said authorities, but shall at no time be less than one-fourth
p.(None): of one Swiss franc for a full working day. The Detaining Power shall inform prisoners of war, as
p.(None): well as the Power on which they depend, through the intermediary of the Protecting Power, of
p.(None): the rate of daily working pay that it has fixed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Working pay shall likewise be paid by the detaining authorities to prisoners of war permanently
p.(None): detailed to duties or to a skilled or semi-skilled occupation in connection with the administration,
p.(None): installation or maintenance of camps, and to the prisoners who are required to carry out spiritual
p.(None): or medical duties on behalf of their comrades.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The working pay of the prisoners' representative, of his advisers, if any, and of his assistants,
p.(None): shall be paid out of the fund maintained by canteen profits. The scale of this working pay shall
p.(None): be fixed by the prisoners' representative and approved by the camp commander. If there is no
p.(None): such fund, the detaining authorities shall pay these prisoners a fair working rate of pay.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Atr 63. Prisoners of war shall be permitted to receive remittances of money addressed to them
p.(None): individually or collectively.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Every prisoner of war shall have at his disposal the credit balance of his account as provided for
p.(None): in the following Article, within the limits fixed by the Detaining Power, which shall make such
p.(None): payments as are requested. Subject to financial or monetary restrictions which the Detaining
p.(None): Power regards as essential, prisoners of war may also have payments made abroad. In this
p.(None): case payments addressed by prisoners of war to dependents shall be given priority.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In any event, and subject to the consent of the Power on which they depend, prisoners may
p.(None): have payments made in their own country, as follows: the Detaining Power shall send to the
p.(None): aforesaid Power through the Protecting Power, a notification giving all the necessary particulars
p.(None): concerning the prisoners of war, the beneficiaries of the payments, and the amount of the sums
p.(None): to be paid, expressed in the Detaining Power's currency. The said notification shall be signed
p.(None): by the prisoners and countersigned by the camp commander. The Detaining Power shall debit
p.(None): the prisoners' account by a corresponding amount; the sums thus debited shall be placed by it
p.(None): to the credit of the Power on which the prisoners depend.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): To apply the foregoing provisions, the Detaining Power may usefully consult the Model
p.(None): Regulations in Annex V of the present Convention.
p.(None): Art. 64 The Detaining Power shall hold an account for each prisoner of war, showing at least the
p.(None): following:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) The amounts due to the prisoner or received by him as advances of pay, as working pay or
p.(None): derived from any other source; the sums in the currency of the Detaining Power which were
p.(None): taken from him; the sums taken from him and converted at his request into the currency of the
p.(None): said Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) The payments made to the prisoner in cash, or in any other similar form; the payments made
p.(None): on his behalf and at his request; the sums transferred under Article 63, third paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 65. Every item entered in the account of a prisoner of war shall be countersigned or initialled
p.(None): by him, or by the prisoners' representative acting on his behalf.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall at all times be afforded reasonable facilities for consulting and obtaining
p.(None): copies of their accounts, which may likewise be inspected by the representatives of the
p.(None): Protecting Powers at the time of visits to the camp.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): When prisoners of war are transferred from one camp to another, their personal accounts will
p.(None): follow them. In case of transfer from one Detaining Power to another, the monies which are their
p.(None): property and are not in the currency of the Detaining Power will follow them. They shall be given
p.(None): certificates for any other monies standing to the credit of their accounts.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Parties to the conflict concerned may agree to notify to each other at specific intervals
p.(None): through the Protecting Power, the amount of the accounts of the prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 66. On the termination of captivity, through the release of a prisoner of war or his
p.(None): repatriation, the Detaining Power shall give him a statement, signed by an authorized officer of
p.(None): that Power, showing the credit balance then due to him. The Detaining Power shall also send
p.(None): through the Protecting Power to the government upon which the prisoner of war depends, lists
p.(None): giving all appropriate particulars of all prisoners of war whose captivity has been terminated by
p.(None): repatriation, release, escape, death or any other means, and showing the amount of their credit
p.(None): balances. Such lists shall be certified on each sheet by an authorized representative of the
p.(None): Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any of the above provisions of this Article may be varied by mutual agreement between any two
p.(None): Parties to the conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Power on which the prisoner of war depends shall be responsible for settling with him any
p.(None): credit balance due to him from the Detaining Power on the termination of his captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 67. Advances of pay, issued to prisoners of war in conformity with Article 60, shall be
p.(None): considered as made on behalf of the Power on which they depend. Such advances of pay, as
p.(None): well as all payments made by the said Power under Article 63, third paragraph, and Article 68,
p.(None): shall form the subject of arrangements between the Powers concerned, at the close of
p.(None): hostilities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 68. Any claim by a prisoner of war for compensation in respect of any injury or other
p.(None): disability arising out of work shall be referred to the Power on which he depends, through the
p.(None): Protecting Power. In accordance with Article 54, the Detaining Power will, in all cases, provide
p.(None): the prisoner of war concerned with a statement showing the nature of the injury or disability, the
p.(None): circumstances in which it arose and particulars of medical or hospital treatment given for it. This
p.(None): statement will be signed by a responsible officer of the Detaining Power and the medical
p.(None): particulars certified by a medical officer.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any claim by a prisoner of war for compensation in respect of personal effects monies or
p.(None): valuables impounded by the Detaining Power under Article 18 and not forthcoming on his
p.(None): repatriation, or in respect of loss alleged to be due to the fault of the Detaining Power or any of
p.(None): its servants, shall likewise be referred to the Power on which he depends. Nevertheless, any
p.(None): such personal effects required for use by the prisoners of war whilst in captivity shall be
p.(None): replaced at the expense of the Detaining Power. The Detaining Power will, in all cases, provide
p.(None): the prisoner of war with a statement, signed by a responsible officer, showing all available
p.(None): information regarding the reasons why such effects, monies or valuables have not been
p.(None): restored to him. A copy of this statement will be forwarded to the Power on which he depends
p.(None): through the Central Prisoners of War Agency provided for in Article 123.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section V. Relations of Prisoners of War With the Exterior
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 69. Immediately upon prisoners of war falling into its power, the Detaining Power shall inform
p.(None): them and the Powers on which they depend, through the Protecting Power, of the measures
p.(None): taken to carry out the provisions of the present Section. They shall likewise inform the parties
p.(None): concerned of any subsequent modifications of such measures.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 70. Immediately upon capture, or not more than one week after arrival at a camp, even if it is
p.(None): a transit camp, likewise in case of sickness or transfer to hospital or to another camp, every
p.(None): prisoner of war shall be enabled to write direct to his family, on the one hand, and to the Central
p.(None): Prisoners of War Agency provided for in Article 123, on the other hand, a card similar, if
p.(None): possible, to the model annexed to the present Convention, informing his relatives of his capture,
p.(None): address and state of health. The said cards shall be forwarded as rapidly as possible and may
p.(None): not be delayed in any manner.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 71. Prisoners of war shall be allowed to send and receive letters and cards. If the Detaining
p.(None): Power deems it necessary to limit the number of letters and cards sent by each prisoner of war,
p.(None): the said number shall not be less than two letters and four cards monthly, exclusive of the
p.(None): capture cards provided for in Article 70, and conforming as closely as possible to the models
p.(None): annexed to the present Convention. Further limitations may be imposed only if the Protecting
p.(None): Power is satisfied that it would be in the interests of the prisoners of war concerned to do so
p.(None): owing to difficulties of translation caused by the Detaining Power's inability to find sufficient
p.(None): qualified linguists to carry out the necessary censorship. If limitations must be placed on the
p.(None): correspondence addressed to prisoners of war, they may be ordered only by the Power on
p.(None): which the prisoners depend, possibly at the request of the Detaining Power. Such letters and
p.(None): cards must be conveyed by the most rapid method at the disposal of the Detaining Power; they
p.(None): may not be delayed or retained for
p.(None): disciplinary reasons.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who have been without news for a long period, or who are unable to receive
p.(None): news from their next of kin or to give them news by the ordinary postal route, as well as those
p.(None): who are at a great distance from their homes, shall be permitted to send telegrams, the fees
p.(None): being charged against the prisoners of war's accounts with the Detaining Power or paid in the
p.(None): currency at their disposal. They shall likewise benefit by this measure in cases of urgency.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): As a general rule, the correspondence of prisoners of war shall be written in their native
p.(None): language. The Parties to the conflict may allow correspondence in other languages.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Sacks containing prisoner of war mail must be securely sealed and labelled so as clearly to
p.(None): indicate their contents, and must be addressed to offices of destination.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 72. Prisoners of war shall be allowed to receive by post or by any other means individual
p.(None): parcels or collective shipments containing, in particular, foodstuffs, clothing, medical supplies
p.(None): and articles of a religious, educational or recreational character which may meet their needs,
p.(None): including books, devotional articles, scientific equipment, examination papers, musical
p.(None): instruments, sports outfits and materials allowing prisoners of war to pursue their studies or their
p.(None): cultural activities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Such shipments shall in no way free the Detaining Power from the obligations imposed upon it
p.(None): by virtue of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The only limits which may be placed on these shipments shall be those proposed by the
p.(None): Protecting Power in the interest of the prisoners themselves, or by the International Committee
p.(None): of the Red Cross or any other organization giving assistance to the prisoners, in respect of their
p.(None): own shipments only, on account of exceptional strain on transport or communications.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The conditions for the sending of individual parcels and collective relief shall, if necessary, be
p.(None): the subject of special agreements between the Powers concerned, which may in no case delay
...
p.(None): measures are necessary for the authentication of their signatures.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section VI. Relations Between Prisoners of War and the Authorities
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter I. Complaints of Prisoners of War Respecting the Conditions of Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 78 Prisoners of war shall have the right to make known to the military authorities in whose
p.(None): power they are, their requests regarding the conditions of captivity to which they are subjected.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): They shall also have the unrestricted right to apply to the representatives of the Protecting
p.(None): Powers either through their prisoners' representative or, if they consider it necessary, direct, in
p.(None): order to draw their attention to any points on which they may have complaints to make regarding
p.(None): their conditions of captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): These requests and complaints shall not be limited nor considered to be a part of the
p.(None): correspondence quota referred to in Article 71. They must be transmitted immediately. Even if
p.(None): they are recognized to be unfounded, they may not give rise to any punishment.
p.(None): Prisoners' representatives may send periodic reports on the situation in the camps and the
p.(None): needs of the prisoners of war to the representatives of the Protecting Powers.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter II. Prisoner of War Representatives
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 79. IIn all places where there are prisoners of war, except in those where there are officers,
p.(None): the prisoners shall freely elect by secret ballot, every six months, and also in case of vacancies,
p.(None): prisoners' representatives entrusted with representing them before the military authorities, the
p.(None): Protecting Powers, the International Committee of the Red Cross and any other organization
p.(None): which may assist them. These prisoners' representatives shall be eligible for re-election.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In camps for officers and persons of equivalent status or in mixed camps, the senior officer
p.(None): among the prisoners of war shall be recognized as the camp prisoners' representative. In
p.(None): camps for officers, he shall be assisted by one or more advisers chosen by the officers; in mixed
p.(None): camps, his assistants shall be chosen from among the prisoners of war who are not officers and
p.(None): shall be elected by them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Officer prisoners of war of the same nationality shall be stationed in labour camps for prisoners
p.(None): of war, for the purpose of carrying out the camp administration duties for which the prisoners of
p.(None): war are responsible. These officers may be elected as prisoners' representatives under the first
p.(None): paragraph of this Article. In such a case the assistants to the prisoners' representatives shall be
p.(None): chosen from among those prisoners of war who are not officers.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Every representative elected must be approved by the Detaining Power before he has the right
p.(None): to commence his duties. Where the Detaining Power refuses to approve a prisoner of war
p.(None): elected by his fellow prisoners of war, it must inform the Protecting Power of the reason for such
p.(None): refusal.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In all cases the prisoners' representative must have the same nationality, language and customs
p.(None): as the prisoners of war whom he represents. Thus, prisoners of war distributed in different
p.(None): sections of a camp, according to their nationality, language or customs, shall have for each
p.(None): section their own prisoners' representative, in accordance with the foregoing paragraphs.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 80. Prisoners' representatives shall further the physical, spiritual and intellectual well-being of
p.(None): prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In particular, where the prisoners decide to organize amongst themselves a system of mutual
p.(None): assistance, this organization will be within the province of the prisoners' representative, in
p.(None): addition to the special duties entrusted to him by other provisions of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners' representatives shall not be held responsible, simply by reason of their duties, for any
p.(None): offences committed by prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 81. Prisoners' representatives shall not be required to perform any other work, if the
p.(None): accomplishment of their duties is thereby made more difficult.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners' representatives may appoint from amongst the prisoners such assistants as they may
p.(None): require. All material facilities shall be granted them, particularly a certain freedom of movement
p.(None): necessary for the accomplishment of their duties (inspection of labour detachments, receipt of
p.(None): supplies, etc.).
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners' representatives shall be permitted to visit premises where prisoners of war are
p.(None): detained, and every prisoner of war shall have the right to consult freely his prisoners'
p.(None): representative.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): All facilities shall likewise be accorded to the prisoners' representatives for communication by
p.(None): post and telegraph with the detaining authorities, the Protecting Powers, the International
p.(None): Committee of the Red Cross and their delegates, the Mixed Medical Commissions and the
p.(None): bodies which give assistance to prisoners of war. Prisoners' representatives of labour
p.(None): detachments shall enjoy the same facilities for communication with the prisoners'
p.(None): representatives of the principal camp. Such communications shall not be restricted, nor
p.(None): considered as forming a part of the quota mentioned in Article 71.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners' representatives who are transferred shall be allowed a reasonable time to acquaint
p.(None): their successors with current affairs.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In case of dismissal, the reasons therefor shall be communicated to the Protecting Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter III. Penal and Disciplinary Sanctions
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): I. General Provisions
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 82. A prisoner of war shall be subject to the laws, regulations and orders in force in the
p.(None): armed forces of the Detaining Power; the Detaining Power shall be justified in taking judicial or
p.(None): disciplinary measures in respect of any offence committed by a prisoner of war against such
p.(None): laws, regulations or orders. However, no proceedings or punishments contrary to the provisions
p.(None): of this Chapter shall be allowed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If any law, regulation or order of the Detaining Power shall declare acts committed by a prisoner
p.(None): of war to be punishable, whereas the same acts would not be punishable if committed by a
p.(None): member of the forces of the Detaining Power, such acts shall entail disciplinary punishments
p.(None): only.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 83. In deciding whether proceedings in respect of an offence alleged to have been
p.(None): committed by a prisoner of war shall be judicial or disciplinary, the Detaining Power shall ensure
p.(None): that the competent authorities exercise the greatest leniency and adopt, wherever possible,
p.(None): disciplinary rather than judicial measures.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 84. A prisoner of war shall be tried only by a military court, unless the existing laws of the
p.(None): Detaining Power expressly permit the civil courts to try a member of the armed forces of the
p.(None): Detaining Power in respect of the particular offence alleged to have been committed by the
p.(None): prisoner of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In no circumstances whatever shall a prisoner of war be tried by a court of any kind which does
p.(None): not offer the essential guarantees of independence and impartiality as generally recognized,
p.(None): and, in particular, the procedure of which does not afford the accused the rights and means of
p.(None): defence provided for in Article 105.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 85. Prisoners of war prosecuted under the laws of the Detaining Power for acts committed
p.(None): prior to capture shall retain, even if convicted, the benefits of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 86. No prisoner of war may be punished more than once for the same act or on the same
p.(None): charge.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 87. Prisoners of war may not be sentenced by the military authorities and courts of the
p.(None): Detaining Power to any penalties except those provided for in respect of members of the armed
p.(None): forces of the said Power who have committed the same acts.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): When fixing the penalty, the courts or authorities of the Detaining Power shall take into
p.(None): consideration, to the widest extent possible, the fact that the accused, not being a national of the
p.(None): Detaining Power, is not bound to it by any duty of allegiance, and that he is in its power as the
p.(None): result of circumstances independent of his own will. The said courts or authorities shall be at
p.(None): liberty to reduce the penalty provided for the violation of which the prisoner of war is accused,
p.(None): and shall therefore not be bound to apply the minimum penalty prescribed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Collective punishment for individual acts, corporal punishment, imprisonment in premises
p.(None): without daylight and, in general, any form of torture or cruelty, are forbidden.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No prisoner of war may be deprived of his rank by the Detaining Power, or prevented from
p.(None): wearing his badges.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 88. Officers, non-commissioned officers and men who are prisoners of war undergoing a
p.(None): disciplinary or judicial punishment, shall not be subjected to more severe treatment than that
p.(None): applied in respect of the same punishment to members of the armed forces of the Detaining
p.(None): Power of equivalent rank.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A woman prisoner of war shall not be awarded or sentenced to a punishment more severe, or
p.(None): treated whilst undergoing punishment more severely, than a woman member of the armed
p.(None): forces of the Detaining Power dealt with for a similar offence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In no case may a woman prisoner of war be awarded or sentenced to a punishment more
p.(None): severe, or treated whilst undergoing punishment more severely, than a male member of the
p.(None): armed forces of the Detaining Power dealt with for a similar offence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who have served disciplinary or judicial sentences may not be treated
p.(None): differently from other prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): II. Disciplinary Sanctions
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 89. The disciplinary punishments applicable to prisoners of war are the following:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) A fine which shall not exceed 50 per cent of the advances of pay and working pay which the
p.(None): prisoner of war would otherwise receive under the provisions of Articles 60 and 62 during a
p.(None): period of not more than thirty days.
p.(None): (2) Discontinuance of privileges granted over and above the treatment provided for by the
p.(None): present Convention.
p.(None): (3) Fatigue duties not exceeding two hours daily.
p.(None): (4) Confinement.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The punishment referred to under (3) shall not be applied to officers.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In no case shall disciplinary punishments be inhuman, brutal or dangerous to the health of
p.(None): prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 90. The duration of any single punishment shall in no case exceed thirty days. Any period of
p.(None): confinement awaiting the hearing of a disciplinary offence or the award of disciplinary
p.(None): punishment shall be deducted from an award pronounced against a prisoner of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The maximum of thirty days provided above may not be exceeded, even if the prisoner of war is
p.(None): answerable for several acts at the same time when he is awarded punishment, whether such
p.(None): acts are related or not.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The period between the pronouncing of an award of disciplinary punishment and its execution
p.(None): shall not exceed one month.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): When a prisoner of war is awarded a further disciplinary punishment, a period of at least three
p.(None): days shall elapse between the execution of any two of the punishments, if the duration of one of
p.(None): these is ten days or more.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 91. The escape of a prisoner of war shall be deemed to have succeeded when:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) he has joined the armed forces of the Power on which he depends, or those of an allied
p.(None): Power;
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) he has left the territory under the control of the Detaining Power, or of an ally of the said
p.(None): Power;
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) he has joined a ship flying the flag of the Power on which he depends, or of an allied Power,
p.(None): in the territorial waters of the Detaining Power, the said ship not being under the control of the
p.(None): last named Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who have made good their escape in the sense of this Article and who are
p.(None): recaptured, shall not be liable to any punishment in respect of their previous escape.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 92. A prisoner of war who attempts to escape and is recaptured before having made good
p.(None): his escape in the sense of Article 91 shall be liable only to a disciplinary punishment in respect
p.(None): of this act, even if it is a repeated offence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A prisoner of war who is recaptured shall be handed over without delay to the competent military
p.(None): authority.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 88, fourth paragraph, notwithstanding, prisoners of war punished as a result of an
p.(None): unsuccessful escape may be subjected to special surveillance. Such surveillance must not
p.(None): affect the state of their health, must be undergone in a prisoner of war camp, and must not entail
p.(None): the suppression of any of the safeguards granted them by the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 93. Escape or attempt to escape, even if it is a repeated offence, shall not be deemed an
p.(None): aggravating circumstance if the prisoner of war is subjected to trial by judicial proceedings in
p.(None): respect of an offence committed during his escape or attempt to escape.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In conformity with the principle stated in Article 83, offences committed by prisoners of war with
p.(None): the sole intention of facilitating their escape and which do not entail any violence against life or
p.(None): limb, such as offences against public property, theft without intention of self-enrichment, the
p.(None): drawing up or use of false papers, or the wearing of civilian clothing, shall occasion disciplinary
p.(None): punishment only.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who aid or abet an escape or an attempt to escape shall be liable on this count
p.(None): to disciplinary punishment only.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 94. If an escaped prisoner of war is recaptured, the Power on which he depends shall be
p.(None): notified thereof in the manner defined in Article 122, provided notification of his escape has
p.(None): been made.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 95. A prisoner of war accused of an offence against discipline shall not be kept in
p.(None): confinement pending the hearing unless a member of the armed forces of the Detaining Power
p.(None): would be so kept if he were accused of a similar offence, or if it is essential in the interests of
p.(None): camp order and discipline.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any period spent by a prisoner of war in confinement awaiting the disposal of an offence
p.(None): against discipline shall be reduced to an absolute minimum and shall not exceed fourteen days.
p.(None): The provisions of Articles 97 and 98 of this Chapter shall apply to prisoners of war who are in
p.(None): confinement awaiting the disposal of offences against discipline.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 96. Acts which constitute offences against discipline shall be investigated immediately.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Without prejudice to the competence of courts and superior military authorities, disciplinary
p.(None): punishment may be ordered only by an officer having disciplinary powers in his capacity as
p.(None): camp commander, or by a responsible officer who replaces him or to whom he has delegated
p.(None): his disciplinary powers.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In no case may such powers be delegated to a prisoner of war or be exercised by a prisoner of
p.(None): war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Before any disciplinary award is pronounced, the accused shall be given precise information
p.(None): regarding the offences of which he is accused, and given an opportunity of explaining his
p.(None): conduct and of defending himself. He shall be permitted, in particular, to call witnesses and to
p.(None): have recourse, if necessary, to the services of a qualified interpreter. The decision shall be
p.(None): announced to the accused prisoner of war and to the prisoners' representative.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A record of disciplinary punishments shall be maintained by the camp commander and shall be
p.(None): open to inspection by representatives of the Protecting Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 97. Prisoners of war shall not in any case be transferred to penitentiary establishments
p.(None): (prisons, penitentiaries, convict prisons, etc.) to undergo disciplinary punishment therein.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): All premises in which disciplinary punishments are undergone shall conform to the sanitary
p.(None): requirements set forth in Article 25. A prisoner of war undergoing punishment shall be enabled
p.(None): to keep himself in a state of cleanliness, in conformity with Article 29.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Officers and persons of equivalent status shall not be lodged in the same quarters as non-
p.(None): commissioned officers or men.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Women prisoners of war undergoing disciplinary punishment shall be confined in separate
p.(None): quarters from male prisoners of war and shall be under the immediate supervision of women.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 98. A prisoner of war undergoing confinement as a disciplinary punishment, shall continue to
p.(None): enjoy the benefits of.the provisions of this Convention except in so far as these are necessarily
p.(None): rendered inapplicable by the mere fact that he is confined. In no case may he be deprived of the
p.(None): benefits of the provisions of Articles 78 and 126.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A prisoner of war awarded disciplinary punishment may not be deprived of the prerogatives
p.(None): attached to his rank.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war awarded disciplinary punishment shall be allowed to exercise and to stay in the
p.(None): open air at least two hours daily.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): They shall be allowed, on their request, to be present at the daily medical inspections. They
p.(None): shall receive the attention which their state of health requires and, if necessary, shall be
p.(None): removed to the camp infirmary or to a hospital.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): They shall have permission to read and write, likewise to send and receive letters. Parcels and
p.(None): remittances of money however, may be withheld from them until the completion of the
p.(None): punishment; they shall meanwhile be entrusted to the prisoners' representative, who-will hand
p.(None): over to the infirmary the perishable goods contained in such parcels.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): III. Juridicial Proceedings
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 99. No prisoner of war may be tried or sentenced for an act which is not forbidden by the law
p.(None): of the Detaining Power or by international law, in force at the time the said act was committed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No moral or physical coercion may be exerted on a prisoner of war in order to induce him to
p.(None): admit himself guilty of the act of which he is accused.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No prisoner of war may be convicted without having had an opportunity to present his defence
p.(None): and the assistance of a qualified advocate or counsel.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 100. Prisoners of war and the Protecting Powers shall be informed as soon as possible of
p.(None): the offences which are punishable by the death sentence under the laws of the Detaining
p.(None): Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Other offences shall not thereafter be made punishable by the death penalty without the
p.(None): concurrence of the Power on which the prisoners of war depend.
p.(None): The death sentence cannot be pronounced on a prisoner of war unless the attention of the court
p.(None): has, in accordance with Article 87, second paragraph, been particularly called to the fact that
p.(None): since the accused is not a national of the Detaining Power, he is not bound to it by any duty of
p.(None): allegiance, and that he is in its power as the result of circumstances independent of his own will.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 101. If the death penalty is pronounced on a prisoner of war, the sentence shall not be
p.(None): executed before the expiration of a period of at least six months from the date when the
p.(None): Protecting Power receives, at an indicated address, the detailed communication provided for in
p.(None): Article 107.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 102. A prisoner of war can be validly sentenced only if the sentence has been pronounced
p.(None): by the same courts according to the same procedure as in the case of members of the armed
p.(None): forces of the Detaining Power, and if, furthermore, the provisions of the present Chapter have
p.(None): been observed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 103. Judicial investigations relating to a prisoner of war shall be conducted as rapidly as
p.(None): circumstances permit and so that his trial shall take place as soon as possible. A prisoner of war
p.(None): shall not be confined while awaiting trial unless a member of the armed forces of the Detaining
p.(None): Power would be so confined if he were accused of a similar offence, or if it is essential to do so
p.(None): in the interests of national security. In no circumstances shall this confinement exceed three
p.(None): months.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any period spent by a prisoner of war in confinement awaiting trial shall be deducted from any
p.(None): sentence of imprisonment passed upon him and taken into account in fixing any penalty.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The provisions of Articles 97 and 98 of this Chapter shall apply to a prisoner of war whilst in
p.(None): confinement awaiting trial.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 104. In any case in which the Detaining Power has decided to institute judicial proceedings
p.(None): against a prisoner of war, it shall notify the Protecting Power as soon as possible and at least
p.(None): three weeks before the opening of the trial. This period of three weeks shall run as from the day
p.(None): on which such notification reaches the Protecting Power at the address previously indicated by
p.(None): the latter to the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The said notification shall contain the following information:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Surname and first names of the prisoner of war, his rank, his army, regimental, personal or
p.(None): serial number, his date of birth, and his profession or trade, if any;
p.(None): (2) Place of internment or confinement;
p.(None): (3) Specification of the charge or charges on which the prisoner of war is to be arraigned, giving
p.(None): the legal provisions applicable;
p.(None): (4) Designation of the court which will try the case, likewise the date and place fixed for the
p.(None): opening of the trial.
p.(None): The same communication shall be made by the Detaining Power to the prisoners'
p.(None): representative.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If no evidence is submitted, at the opening of a trial, that the notification referred to above was
p.(None): received by the Protecting Power, by the prisoner of war and by the prisoners' representative
p.(None): concerned, at least three weeks before the opening of the trial, then the latter cannot take place
p.(None): and must be adjourned.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 105. The prisoner of war shall be entitled to assistance by one of his prisoner comrades, to
p.(None): defence by a qualified advocate or counsel of his own choice, to the calling of witnesses and, if
p.(None): he deems necessary, to the services of a competent interpreter. He shall be advised of these
p.(None): rights by the Detaining Power in due time before the trial.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Failing a choice by the prisoner of war, the Protecting Power shall find him an advocate or
p.(None): counsel, and shall have at least one week at its disposal for the purpose. The Detaining Power
p.(None): shall deliver to the said Power, on request, a list of persons qualified to present the defence.
p.(None): Failing a choice of an advocate or counsel by the prisoner of war or the Protecting Power, the
p.(None): Detaining Power shall appoint a competent advocate or counsel to conduct the defence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The advocate or counsel conducting the defence on behalf of the prisoner of war shall have at
p.(None): his disposal a period of two weeks at least before the opening of the trial, as well as the
p.(None): necessary facilities to prepare the defence of the accused. He may, in particular, freely visit the
p.(None): accused and interview him in private. He may also confer with any witnesses for the defence,
p.(None): including prisoners of war. He shall have the benefit of these facilities until the term of appeal or
p.(None): petition has expired.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Particulars of the charge or charges on which the prisoner of war is to be arraigned, as well as
p.(None): the documents which are generally communicated to the accused by virtue of the laws in force
p.(None): in the armed forces of the Detaining Power, shall be communicated to the accused prisoner of
p.(None): war in a language which he understands, and in good time before the opening of the trial. The
p.(None): same communication in the same circumstances shall be made to the advocate or counsel
p.(None): conducting the defence on behalf of the prisoner of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The representatives of the Protecting Power shall be entitled to attend the trial of the case,
p.(None): unless, exceptionally, this is held in camera in the interest of State security. In such a case the
p.(None): Detaining Power shall advise the Protecting Power accordingly.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 106. Every prisoner of war shall have, in the same manner as the members of the armed
p.(None): forces of the Detaining Power, the right of appeal or petition from any sentence pronounced
p.(None): upon him, with a view to the quashing or revising of the sentence or the reopening of the trial.
p.(None): He shall be fully informed of his right to appeal or petition and of the time limit within which he
p.(None): may do so.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 107. Any judgment and sentence pronounced upon a prisoner of war shall be immediately
p.(None): reported to the Protecting Power in the form of a summary communication, which shall also
p.(None): indicate whether he has the right of appeal with a view to the quashing of the sentence or the
p.(None): reopening of the trial. This communication shall likewise be sent to the prisoners' representative
p.(None): concerned. It shall also be sent to the accused prisoner of war in a language he understands, if
p.(None): the sentence was not pronounced in his presence. The Detaining Power shall also immediately
p.(None): communicate to the Protecting Power the decision of the prisoner of war to use or to waive his
p.(None): right of appeal.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Furthermore, if a prisoner of war is finally convicted or if a sentence pronounced on a prisoner of
p.(None): war in the first instance is a death sentence, the Detaining Power shall as soon as possible
p.(None): address to the Protecting Power a detailed communication containing:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) the precise wording of the finding and sentence;
p.(None): (2) a summarized report of any preliminary investigation and of the trial, emphasizing in
p.(None): particular the elements of the prosecution and the defence;
p.(None): (3) notification, where applicable, of the establishment where the sentence will be served.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The communications provided for in the foregoing sub-paragraphs shall be sent to the
p.(None): Protecting Power at the address previously made known to the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 108.Sentences pronounced on prisoners of war after a conviction has become duly
p.(None): enforceable, shall be served in the same establishments and under the same conditions as in
p.(None): the case of members of the armed forces of the Detaining Power. These conditions shall in all
p.(None): cases conform to the requirements of health and humanity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A woman prisoner of war on whom such a sentence has been pronounced shall be confined in
p.(None): separate quarters and shall be under the supervision of women.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In any case, prisoners of war sentenced to a penalty depriving them of their liberty shall retain
p.(None): the benefit of the provisions of Articles 78 and 126 of the present Convention. Furthermore, they
p.(None): shall be entitled to receive and despatch correspondence, to receive at least one relief parcel
p.(None): monthly, to take regular exercise in the open air, to have the medical care required by their state
p.(None): of health, and the spiritual assistance they may desire. Penalties to which they may be
p.(None): subjected shall be in accordance with the provisions of Article 87, third paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part IV. Termination of Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section I. Direct Repatriation and Accommodation in Neutral Countries
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 109. Subject to the provisions of the third paragraph of this Article, Parties to the conflict are
p.(None): bound to send back to their own country, regardless of number or rank, seriously wounded and
p.(None): seriously sick prisoners of war, after having cared for them until they are fit to travel, in
p.(None): accordance with the first paragraph of the following Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Throughout the duration of hostilities, Parties to the conflict shall endeavour, with the
p.(None): cooperation of the neutral Powers concerned, to make arrangements for the accommodation in
p.(None): neutral countries of the sick and wounded prisoners of war referred to in the second paragraph
p.(None): of the following Article. They may, in addition, conclude agreements with a view to the direct
p.(None): repatriation or internment in a neutral country of able-bodied prisoners of war who have
p.(None): undergone a long period of captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No sick or injured prisoner of war who is eligible for repatriation under the first paragraph of this
p.(None): Article, may be repatriated against his will during hostilities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 110. The following shall be repatriated direct:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Incurably wounded and sick whose mental or physical fitness seems to have been gravely
p.(None): diminished.
p.(None): (2) Wounded and sick who, according to medical opinion, are not likely to recover within one
p.(None): year, whose condition requires treatment and whose mental or physical fitness seems to have
p.(None): been gravely diminished.
p.(None): (3) Wounded and sick who have recovered, but whose mental or physical fitness seems to have
p.(None): been gravely and permanently diminished.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following may be accommodated in a neutral country:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Wounded and sick whose recovery may be expected within one year of the date of the
p.(None): wound or the beginning of the illness, if treatment in a neutral country might increase the
p.(None): prospects of a more certain and speedy recovery.
p.(None): (2) Prisoners of war whose mental or physical health, according to medical opinion, is seriously
...
p.(None): who exercises his functions in the camp.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Wounded and sick proposed by their prisoners' representative.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Wounded and sick proposed by the Power on which they depend, or by an organization duly
p.(None): recognized by the said Power and giving assistance to the prisoners.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who do not belong to one of the three foregoing categories may nevertheless
p.(None): present themselves for examination by Mixed Medical Commissions, but shall be examined only
p.(None): after those belonging to the said categories.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The physician or surgeon of the same nationality as the prisoners who present themselves for
p.(None): examination by the Mixed Medical Commission, likewise the prisoners' representative of the
p.(None): said prisoners, shall have permission to be present at the examination.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 114. Prisoners of war who meet with accidents shall, unless the injury is self-inflicted, have
p.(None): the benefit of the provisions of this Convention as regards repatriation or accommodation in a
p.(None): neutral country.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 115. No prisoner of war on whom a disciplinary punishment has been imposed and who is
p.(None): eligible for repatriation or for accommodation in a neutral country, may be kept back on the plea
p.(None): that he has not undergone his punishment.
p.(None): Prisoners of war detained in connection with a judicial prosecution or conviction, and who are
p.(None): designated for repatriation or accommodation in a neutral country, may benefit by such
p.(None): measures before the end of the proceedings or the completion of the punishment, if the
p.(None): Detaining Power consents.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Parties to the conflict shall communicate to each other the names of those who will be detained
p.(None): until the end of the proceedings or the completion of the punishment.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 116. The cost of repatriating prisoners of war or of transporting them to a neutral country
p.(None): shall be borne, from the frontiers of the Detaining Power, by the Power on which the said
p.(None): prisoners depend.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 117. No repatriated person may be employed on active military service.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section II. Release and Repatriation of Prisoners of War at the Close of Hostilities
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 118. Prisoners of war shall be released and repatriated without delay after the cessation of
p.(None): active hostilities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): this effect, regulating the conditions of transport and the payment of the costs involved, with the
p.(None): Power on which the prisoner depends.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war against whom criminal proceedings for an indictable offence are pending may
p.(None): be detained until the end of such proceedings, and, if necessary, until the completion of the
p.(None): punishment. The same shall apply to prisoners of war already convicted for an indictable
p.(None): offence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Parties to the conflict shall communicate to each other the names of any prisoners of war who
p.(None): are detained until the end of the proceedings or until punishment has been completed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): By agreement between the Parties to the conflict, commissions shall be established for the
p.(None): purpose of searching for dispersed prisoners of war and of assuring their repatriation with the
p.(None): least possible delay.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section III. Death of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 120. Wills of prisoners of war shall be drawn up so as to satisfy the conditions of validity
p.(None): required by the legislation of their country of origin, which will take steps to inform the Detaining
p.(None): Power of its requirements in this respect. At the request of the prisoner of war and, in all cases,
p.(None): after death, the will shall be transmitted without delay to the Protecting Power; a certified copy
p.(None): shall be sent to the Central Agency.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Death certificates, in the form annexed to the present Convention, or lists certified by a
p.(None): responsible officer, of all persons who die as prisoners of war shall be forwarded as rapidly as
p.(None): possible to the Prisoner of War Information Bureau established in accordance with Article 122.
p.(None): The death certificates or certified lists shall show particulars of identity as set out in the third
p.(None): paragraph of Article 17, and also the date and place of death, the cause of death, the date and
p.(None): place of burial and all particulars necessary to identify the graves.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The burial or cremation of a prisoner of war shall be preceded by a medical examination of the
p.(None): body with a view to confirming death and enabling a report to be made and, where necessary,
p.(None): establishing identity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The detaining authorities shall ensure that prisoners of war who have died in captivity are
p.(None): honourably buried, if possible according to the rites of the religion to which they belonged, and
p.(None): that their graves are respected, suitably maintained and marked so as to be found at any time.
p.(None): Wherever possible, deceased prisoners of war who depended on the same Power shall be
p.(None): interred in the same place.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Deceased prisoners of war shall be buried in individual graves unless unavoidable
p.(None): circumstances require the use of collective graves. Bodies may be cremated only for imperative
p.(None): reasons of hygiene, on account of the religion of the deceased or in accordance with his
p.(None): express wish to this effect. In case of cremation, the fact shall be stated and the reasons given
p.(None): in the death certificate of the deceased.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In order that graves may always be found, all particulars of burials and graves shall be recorded
p.(None): with a Graves Registration Service established by the Detaining Power. Lists of graves and
p.(None): particulars of the prisoners of war interred in cemeteries and elsewhere shall be transmitted to
p.(None): the Power on which such prisoners of war depended. Responsibility for the care of these graves
p.(None): and for records of any subsequent moves of the bodies shall rest on the Power controlling the
p.(None): territory, if a Party to the present Convention. These provisions shall also apply to the ashes,
p.(None): which shall be kept by the Graves Registration Service until proper disposal thereof in
p.(None): accordance with the wishes of the home country.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 121. Every death or serious injury of a prisoner of war caused or suspected to have been
p.(None): caused by a sentry, another prisoner of war, or any other person, as well as any death the
p.(None): cause of which is unknown, shall be immediately followed by an official enquiry by the Detaining
p.(None): Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A communication on this subject shall be sent immediately to the Protecting Power. Statements
p.(None): shall be taken from witnesses, especially from those who are prisoners of war, and a report
p.(None): including such statements shall be forwarded to the Protecting Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If the enquiry indicates the guilt of one or more persons, the Detaining Power shall take all
p.(None): measures for the prosecution of the person or persons responsible.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): PART V. Information Bureaux and Relief Societies for Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 122. Upon the outbreak of a conflict and in all cases of occupation, each of the Parties to the
p.(None): conflict shall institute an official Information Bureau for prisoners of war who are in its power.
p.(None): Neutral or non-belligerent Powers who may have received within their territory persons
p.(None): belonging to one of the categories referred to in Article 4, shall take the same action with
p.(None): respect to such persons. The Power concerned shall ensure that the Prisoners of War
p.(None): Information Bureau is provided with the necessary accommodation, equipment and staff to
p.(None): ensure its efficient working. It shall be at liberty to employ prisoners of war in such a Bureau
p.(None): under the conditions laid down in the Section of the present Convention dealing with work by
p.(None): prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Within the shortest possible period, each of the Parties to the conflict shall give its Bureau the
p.(None): information referred to in the fourth, fifth and sixth paragraphs of this Article regarding any
p.(None): enemy person belonging to one of the categories referred to in Article 4, who has fallen into its
p.(None): power. Neutral or non-belligerent Powers shall take the same action with regard to persons
p.(None): belonging to such categories whom they have received within their territory.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Bureau shall immediately forward such information by the most rapid means to the Powers
p.(None): concerned, through the intermediary of the Protecting Powers and likewise of the Central
p.(None): Agency provided for in Article 123.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): This information shall make it possible quickly to advise the next of kin concerned. Subject to
p.(None): the provisions of Article 17, the information shall include, in so far as available to the Information
p.(None): Bureau, in respect of each prisoner of war, his surname, first names, rank, army, regimental,
p.(None): personal or serial number, place and full date of birth, indication of the Power on which he
p.(None): depends, first name of the father and maiden name of the mother, name and address of the
p.(None): person to be informed and the address to which correspondence for the prisoner may be sent.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Information Bureau shall receive from the various departments concerned information
p.(None): regarding transfers, releases, repatriations, escapes, admissions to hospital, and deaths, and
p.(None): shall transmit such information in the manner described in the third paragraph above.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Likewise, information regarding the state of health of prisoners of war who are seriously ill or
p.(None): seriously wounded shall be supplied regularly, every week if possible.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Information Bureau shall also be responsible for replying to all enquiries sent to it
p.(None): concerning prisoners of war, including those who have died in captivity; it will make any
p.(None): enquiries necessary to obtain the information which is asked for if this is not in its possession.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): All written communications made by the Bureau shall be authenticated by a signature or a seal.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Information Bureau shall furthermore be charged with collecting all personal valuables,
p.(None): including sums in currencies other than that of the Detaining Power and documents of
...
p.(None): breaches of the present Convention defined in the following Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Each High Contracting Party shall be under the obligation to search for persons alleged to have
p.(None): committed. or to have ordered to be committed, such grave breaches, and shall bring such
p.(None): persons, regardless of their nationality, before its own courts. It may also, if it prefers, and in
p.(None): accordance with the provisions of its own legislation, hand such persons over for trial to another
p.(None): High Contracting Party concerned, provided such High Contracting Party has made out a prima
p.(None): facie case.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Each High Contracting Party shall take measures necessary for the suppression of all acts
p.(None): contrary to the provisions of the present Convention other than the grave breaches defined in
p.(None): the following Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In all circumstances, the accused persons shall benefit by safeguards of proper trial and
p.(None): defence, which shall not be less favourable than those provided by Article 105 and those
p.(None): following of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 130. Grave breaches to which the preceding Article relates shall be those involving any of
p.(None): the following acts, if committed against persons or property protected by the Convention: wilful
p.(None): killing, torture or inhuman treatment, including biological experiments, wilfully causing great
p.(None): suffering or serious injury to body or health, compelling a prisoner of war to serve in the forces
p.(None): of the hostile Power, or wilfully depriving a prisoner of war of the rights of fair and regular trial
p.(None): prescribed in this Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 131. No High Contracting Party shall be allowed to absolve itself or any other High
p.(None): Contracting Party of any liability incurred by itself or by another High Contracting Party in
p.(None): respect of breaches referred to in the preceding Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 132. At the request of a Party to the conflict, an enquiry shall be instituted, in a manner to be
p.(None): decided between the interested Parties, concerning any alleged violation of the Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If agreement has not been reached concerning the procedure for the enquiry, the Parties should
p.(None): agree on the choice of an umpire who will decide upon the procedure to be followed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Once the violation has been established, the Parties to the conflict shall put an end to it and
p.(None): shall repress it with the least possible delay.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section II. Final Provisions
p.(None): Art 133. The present Convention is established in English and in French. Both texts are equally
p.(None): authentic.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Swiss Federal Council shall arrange for official translations of the Convention to be made in
p.(None): the Russian and Spanish languages.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 134. The present Convention replaces the Convention of July 27, 1929, in relations between
p.(None): the High Contracting Parties.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 135. In the relations between the Powers which are bound by the Hague Convention
...
p.(None): appointment of the neutral members, this shall be done by the Power protecting the interests of
p.(None): the prisoners of war to be examined.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 6. So far as possible, one of the two neutral members shall be a surgeon and the other a
p.(None): physician.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 7. The neutral members shall be entirely independent of the Parties to the conflict, which
p.(None): shall grant them all facilities in the accomplishment of their duties.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 8. By agreement with the Detaining Power, the International Committee of the Red Cross,
p.(None): when making the appointments provided for in Articles 2 and 4 of the present Regulations, shall
p.(None): settle the terms of service of the nominees.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 9. The Mixed Medical Commissions shall begin their work as soon as possible after the
p.(None): neutral members have been approved, and in any case within a period of three months from the
p.(None): date of such approval.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 10. The Mixed Medical Commissions shall examine all the prisoners designated in Article
p.(None): 113 of the Convention. They shall propose repatriation, rejection, or reference to a later
p.(None): examination. Their decisions shall be made by a majority vote.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 11. The decisions made by the Mixed Medical Commissions in each specific case shall be
p.(None): communicated, during the month following their visit, to the Detaining Power, the Protecting
p.(None): Power and the International Committee of the Red Cross. The Mixed Medical Commissions shall
p.(None): also inform each prisoner of war examined of the decision made, and shall issue to those whose
p.(None): repatriation has been proposed, certificates similar to the model appended to the present
p.(None): Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 12. The Detaining Power shall be required to carry out the decisions of the Mixed Medical
p.(None): Commissions within three months of the time when it receives due notification of such
p.(None): decisions.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 13. If there is no neutral physician in a country where the services of a Mixed Medical
p.(None): Commission seem to be required, and if it is for any reason impossible to appoint neutral
p.(None): doctors who are resident in another country, the Detaining Power, acting in agreement with the
p.(None): Protecting Power, shall set up a Medical Commission which shall undertake the same duties as
p.(None): a Mixed Medical Commission, subject to the provisions of Articles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8 of the
p.(None): present Regulations.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 14. Mixed Medical Commissions shall function permanently and shall visit each camp at
p.(None): intervals of not more than six months.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Annex III. Regulations Concerning Collective Relief (See Art 73.)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 1. Prisoners' representatives shall be allowed to distribute collective relief shipments for
p.(None): which they are responsible, to all prisoners of war administered by their camp, including those
p.(None): who are in hospitals, or in prisons or other penal establishments.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 2. The distribution of collective relief shipments shall be effected in accordance with the
...
p.(None): distribution of collective relief in all subdivisions and annexes of their camps has been carried
p.(None): out in accordance with their instructions.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 5. Prisoners' representatives shall be allowed to fill up, and cause to be filled up by the
p.(None): prisoners' representatives of labour detachments or by the senior medical officers of infirmaries
p.(None): and hospitals, forms or questionnaires intended for the donors, relating to collective relief
p.(None): supplies (distribution, requirements, quantities, etc.). Such forms and questionnaires, duly
p.(None): completed, shall be forwarded to the donors without delay.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 6. In order to secure the regular issue of collective relief to the prisoners of war in their camp,
p.(None): and to meet any needs that may arise from the arrival of new contingents of prisoners, prisoners'
p.(None): representatives shall be allowed to build up and maintain adequate reserve stocks of collective
p.(None): relief. For this purpose, they shall have suitable warehouses at their disposal; each warehouse
p.(None): shall be provided with two locks, the prisoners' representative holding the keys of one lock and
p.(None): the camp commander the keys of the other.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 7. When collective consignments of clothing are available, each prisoner of war shall retain
p.(None): in his possession at least one complete set of clothes. If a prisoner has more than one set of
p.(None): clothes, the prisoners' representative shall be permitted to withdraw excess clothing from those
p.(None): with the largest number of sets, or particular articles in excess of one, if this is necessary in
p.(None): order to supply prisoners who are less well provided. He shall not, however, withdraw second
p.(None): sets of underclothing, socks or footwear, unless this is the only means of providing for prisoners
p.(None): of war with none.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 8. The High Contracting Parties, and the Detaining Powers in particular, shall authorize, as
p.(None): far as possible and subject to the regulations governing the supply of the population, all
p.(None): purchases of goods made in their territories for the distribution of collective relief to prisoners of
p.(None): war. They shall similarly facilitate the transfer of funds and other financial measures of a
p.(None): technical or administrative nature taken for the purpose of making such purchases.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
...
Political / Prosecuted
Searching for indicator prosecuted:
(return to top)
p.(None): of war to be punishable, whereas the same acts would not be punishable if committed by a
p.(None): member of the forces of the Detaining Power, such acts shall entail disciplinary punishments
p.(None): only.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 83. In deciding whether proceedings in respect of an offence alleged to have been
p.(None): committed by a prisoner of war shall be judicial or disciplinary, the Detaining Power shall ensure
p.(None): that the competent authorities exercise the greatest leniency and adopt, wherever possible,
p.(None): disciplinary rather than judicial measures.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 84. A prisoner of war shall be tried only by a military court, unless the existing laws of the
p.(None): Detaining Power expressly permit the civil courts to try a member of the armed forces of the
p.(None): Detaining Power in respect of the particular offence alleged to have been committed by the
p.(None): prisoner of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In no circumstances whatever shall a prisoner of war be tried by a court of any kind which does
p.(None): not offer the essential guarantees of independence and impartiality as generally recognized,
p.(None): and, in particular, the procedure of which does not afford the accused the rights and means of
p.(None): defence provided for in Article 105.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 85. Prisoners of war prosecuted under the laws of the Detaining Power for acts committed
p.(None): prior to capture shall retain, even if convicted, the benefits of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 86. No prisoner of war may be punished more than once for the same act or on the same
p.(None): charge.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 87. Prisoners of war may not be sentenced by the military authorities and courts of the
p.(None): Detaining Power to any penalties except those provided for in respect of members of the armed
p.(None): forces of the said Power who have committed the same acts.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): When fixing the penalty, the courts or authorities of the Detaining Power shall take into
p.(None): consideration, to the widest extent possible, the fact that the accused, not being a national of the
p.(None): Detaining Power, is not bound to it by any duty of allegiance, and that he is in its power as the
p.(None): result of circumstances independent of his own will. The said courts or authorities shall be at
p.(None): liberty to reduce the penalty provided for the violation of which the prisoner of war is accused,
p.(None): and shall therefore not be bound to apply the minimum penalty prescribed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Collective punishment for individual acts, corporal punishment, imprisonment in premises
p.(None): without daylight and, in general, any form of torture or cruelty, are forbidden.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No prisoner of war may be deprived of his rank by the Detaining Power, or prevented from
p.(None): wearing his badges.
...
Political / criminal
Searching for indicator criminal:
(return to top)
p.(None): 48 inclusive of the present Convention for the transfer of prisoners of war, having regard to the
p.(None): provisions of Article 118 and to those of the following paragraphs.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): On repatriation, any articles of value impounded from prisoners of war under Article 18, and any
p.(None): foreign currency which has not been converted into the currency of the Detaining Power, shall
p.(None): be restored to them. Articles of value and foreign currency which, for any reason whatever, are
p.(None): not restored to prisoners of war on repatriation, shall be despatched to the Information Bureau
p.(None): set up under Article 122.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall be allowed to take with them their personal effects, and any
p.(None): correspondence and parcels which have arrived for them. The weight of such baggage may be
p.(None): limited, if the conditions of repatriation so require, to what each prisoner can reasonably carry.
p.(None): Each prisoner shall in all cases be authorized to carry at least twenty-five kilograms.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The other personal effects of the repatriated prisoner shall be left in the charge of the Detaining
p.(None): Power which shall have them forwarded to him as soon as it has concluded an agreement to
p.(None): this effect, regulating the conditions of transport and the payment of the costs involved, with the
p.(None): Power on which the prisoner depends.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war against whom criminal proceedings for an indictable offence are pending may
p.(None): be detained until the end of such proceedings, and, if necessary, until the completion of the
p.(None): punishment. The same shall apply to prisoners of war already convicted for an indictable
p.(None): offence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Parties to the conflict shall communicate to each other the names of any prisoners of war who
p.(None): are detained until the end of the proceedings or until punishment has been completed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): By agreement between the Parties to the conflict, commissions shall be established for the
p.(None): purpose of searching for dispersed prisoners of war and of assuring their repatriation with the
p.(None): least possible delay.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section III. Death of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 120. Wills of prisoners of war shall be drawn up so as to satisfy the conditions of validity
p.(None): required by the legislation of their country of origin, which will take steps to inform the Detaining
p.(None): Power of its requirements in this respect. At the request of the prisoner of war and, in all cases,
p.(None): after death, the will shall be transmitted without delay to the Protecting Power; a certified copy
p.(None): shall be sent to the Central Agency.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Death certificates, in the form annexed to the present Convention, or lists certified by a
...
Political / person in detention center
Searching for indicator detained:
(return to top)
p.(None): the engagements of their paroles or promises. In such cases, the Power on which they depend
p.(None): is bound neither to require nor to accept from them any service incompatible with the parole or
p.(None): promise given.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 22. Prisoners of war may be interned only in premises located on land and affording every
p.(None): guarantee of hygiene and healthfulness. Except in particular cases which are justified by the
p.(None): interest of the prisoners themselves, they shall not be interned in penitentiaries.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war interned in unhealthy areas, or where the climate is injurious for them, shall be
p.(None): removed as soon as possible to a more favourable climate.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power shall assemble prisoners of war in camps or camp compounds according
p.(None): to their nationality, language and customs, provided that such prisoners shall not be separated
p.(None): from prisoners of war belonging to the armed forces with which they were serving at the time of
p.(None): their capture, except with their consent.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 23. No prisoner of war may at any time be sent to, or detained in areas where he may be
p.(None): exposed to the fire of the combat zone, nor may his presence be used to render certain points
p.(None): or areas immune from military operations.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall have shelters against air bombardment and other hazards of war, to the
p.(None): same extent as the local civilian population. With the exception of those engaged in the
p.(None): protection of their quarters against the aforesaid hazards, they may enter such shelters as soon
p.(None): as possible after the giving of the alarm. Any other protective measure taken in favour of the
p.(None): population shall also apply to them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Detaining Powers shall give the Powers concerned, through the intermediary of the Protecting
p.(None): Powers, all useful information regarding the geographical location of prisoner of war camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Whenever military considerations permit, prisoner of war camps shall be indicated in the day-
p.(None): time by the letters PW or PG, placed so as to be clearly visible from the air. The Powers
p.(None): concerned may, however, agree upon any other system of marking. Only prisoner of war camps
p.(None): shall be marked as such.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 24. Transit or screening camps of a permanent kind shall be fitted out under conditions
p.(None): similar to those described in the present Section, and the prisoners therein shall have the same
...
p.(None): dormitories shall be provided for them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 26. The basic daily food rations shall be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep
p.(None): prisoners of war in good health and to prevent loss of weight or the development of nutritional
p.(None): deficiencies. Account shall also be taken of the habitual diet of the prisoners.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power shall supply prisoners of war who work with such additional rations as are
p.(None): necessary for the labour on which they are employed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Sufficient drinking water shall be supplied to prisoners of war. The use of tobacco shall be
p.(None): permitted.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall, as far as possible, be associated with the preparation of their meals; they
p.(None): may be employed for that purpose in the kitchens. Furthermore, they shall be given the means
p.(None): of preparing, themselves, the additional food in their possession.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Adequate premises shall be provided for messing.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Collective disciplinary measures affecting food are prohibited.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 27. Clothing, underwear and footwear shall be supplied to prisoners of war in sufficient
p.(None): quantities by the Detaining Power, which shall make allowance for the climate of the region
p.(None): where the prisoners are detained. Uniforms of enemy armed forces captured by the Detaining
p.(None): Power should, if suitable for the climate, be made available to clothe prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The regular replacement and repair of the above articles shall be assured by the Detaining
p.(None): Power. In addition, prisoners of war who work shall receive appropriate clothing, wherever the
p.(None): nature of the work demands.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 28. Canteens shall be installed in all camps, where prisoners of war may procure foodstuffs,
p.(None): soap and tobacco and ordinary articles in daily use. The tariff shall never be in excess of local
p.(None): market prices.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The profits made by camp canteens shall be used for the benefit of the prisoners; a special fund
p.(None): shall be created for this purpose. The prisoners' representative shall have the right to
p.(None): collaborate in the management of the canteen and of this fund.
p.(None): When a camp is closed down, the credit balance of the special fund shall be handed to an
p.(None): international welfare organization, to be employed for the benefit of prisoners of war of the same
p.(None): nationality as those who have contributed to the fund. In case of a general repatriation, such
p.(None): profits shall be kept by the Detaining Power, subject to any agreement to the contrary between
p.(None): the Powers concerned.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In particular, where the prisoners decide to organize amongst themselves a system of mutual
p.(None): assistance, this organization will be within the province of the prisoners' representative, in
p.(None): addition to the special duties entrusted to him by other provisions of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners' representatives shall not be held responsible, simply by reason of their duties, for any
p.(None): offences committed by prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 81. Prisoners' representatives shall not be required to perform any other work, if the
p.(None): accomplishment of their duties is thereby made more difficult.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners' representatives may appoint from amongst the prisoners such assistants as they may
p.(None): require. All material facilities shall be granted them, particularly a certain freedom of movement
p.(None): necessary for the accomplishment of their duties (inspection of labour detachments, receipt of
p.(None): supplies, etc.).
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners' representatives shall be permitted to visit premises where prisoners of war are
p.(None): detained, and every prisoner of war shall have the right to consult freely his prisoners'
p.(None): representative.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): All facilities shall likewise be accorded to the prisoners' representatives for communication by
p.(None): post and telegraph with the detaining authorities, the Protecting Powers, the International
p.(None): Committee of the Red Cross and their delegates, the Mixed Medical Commissions and the
p.(None): bodies which give assistance to prisoners of war. Prisoners' representatives of labour
p.(None): detachments shall enjoy the same facilities for communication with the prisoners'
p.(None): representatives of the principal camp. Such communications shall not be restricted, nor
p.(None): considered as forming a part of the quota mentioned in Article 71.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners' representatives who are transferred shall be allowed a reasonable time to acquaint
p.(None): their successors with current affairs.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In case of dismissal, the reasons therefor shall be communicated to the Protecting Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter III. Penal and Disciplinary Sanctions
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): I. General Provisions
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 82. A prisoner of war shall be subject to the laws, regulations and orders in force in the
...
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Wounded and sick proposed by the Power on which they depend, or by an organization duly
p.(None): recognized by the said Power and giving assistance to the prisoners.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who do not belong to one of the three foregoing categories may nevertheless
p.(None): present themselves for examination by Mixed Medical Commissions, but shall be examined only
p.(None): after those belonging to the said categories.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The physician or surgeon of the same nationality as the prisoners who present themselves for
p.(None): examination by the Mixed Medical Commission, likewise the prisoners' representative of the
p.(None): said prisoners, shall have permission to be present at the examination.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 114. Prisoners of war who meet with accidents shall, unless the injury is self-inflicted, have
p.(None): the benefit of the provisions of this Convention as regards repatriation or accommodation in a
p.(None): neutral country.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 115. No prisoner of war on whom a disciplinary punishment has been imposed and who is
p.(None): eligible for repatriation or for accommodation in a neutral country, may be kept back on the plea
p.(None): that he has not undergone his punishment.
p.(None): Prisoners of war detained in connection with a judicial prosecution or conviction, and who are
p.(None): designated for repatriation or accommodation in a neutral country, may benefit by such
p.(None): measures before the end of the proceedings or the completion of the punishment, if the
p.(None): Detaining Power consents.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Parties to the conflict shall communicate to each other the names of those who will be detained
p.(None): until the end of the proceedings or the completion of the punishment.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 116. The cost of repatriating prisoners of war or of transporting them to a neutral country
p.(None): shall be borne, from the frontiers of the Detaining Power, by the Power on which the said
p.(None): prisoners depend.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 117. No repatriated person may be employed on active military service.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section II. Release and Repatriation of Prisoners of War at the Close of Hostilities
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 118. Prisoners of war shall be released and repatriated without delay after the cessation of
p.(None): active hostilities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In the absence of stipulations to the above effect in any agreement concluded between the
p.(None): Parties to the conflict with a view to the cessation of hostilities, or failing any such agreement,
p.(None): each of the Detaining Powers shall itself establish and execute without delay a plan of
p.(None): repatriation in conformity with the principle laid down in the foregoing paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In either case, the measures adopted shall be brought to the knowledge of the prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The costs of repatriation of prisoners of war shall in all cases be equitably apportioned between
...
p.(None): provisions of Article 118 and to those of the following paragraphs.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): On repatriation, any articles of value impounded from prisoners of war under Article 18, and any
p.(None): foreign currency which has not been converted into the currency of the Detaining Power, shall
p.(None): be restored to them. Articles of value and foreign currency which, for any reason whatever, are
p.(None): not restored to prisoners of war on repatriation, shall be despatched to the Information Bureau
p.(None): set up under Article 122.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall be allowed to take with them their personal effects, and any
p.(None): correspondence and parcels which have arrived for them. The weight of such baggage may be
p.(None): limited, if the conditions of repatriation so require, to what each prisoner can reasonably carry.
p.(None): Each prisoner shall in all cases be authorized to carry at least twenty-five kilograms.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The other personal effects of the repatriated prisoner shall be left in the charge of the Detaining
p.(None): Power which shall have them forwarded to him as soon as it has concluded an agreement to
p.(None): this effect, regulating the conditions of transport and the payment of the costs involved, with the
p.(None): Power on which the prisoner depends.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war against whom criminal proceedings for an indictable offence are pending may
p.(None): be detained until the end of such proceedings, and, if necessary, until the completion of the
p.(None): punishment. The same shall apply to prisoners of war already convicted for an indictable
p.(None): offence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Parties to the conflict shall communicate to each other the names of any prisoners of war who
p.(None): are detained until the end of the proceedings or until punishment has been completed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): By agreement between the Parties to the conflict, commissions shall be established for the
p.(None): purpose of searching for dispersed prisoners of war and of assuring their repatriation with the
p.(None): least possible delay.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section III. Death of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 120. Wills of prisoners of war shall be drawn up so as to satisfy the conditions of validity
p.(None): required by the legislation of their country of origin, which will take steps to inform the Detaining
p.(None): Power of its requirements in this respect. At the request of the prisoner of war and, in all cases,
p.(None): after death, the will shall be transmitted without delay to the Protecting Power; a certified copy
p.(None): shall be sent to the Central Agency.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Death certificates, in the form annexed to the present Convention, or lists certified by a
p.(None): responsible officer, of all persons who die as prisoners of war shall be forwarded as rapidly as
p.(None): possible to the Prisoner of War Information Bureau established in accordance with Article 122.
p.(None): The death certificates or certified lists shall show particulars of identity as set out in the third
p.(None): paragraph of Article 17, and also the date and place of death, the cause of death, the date and
p.(None): place of burial and all particulars necessary to identify the graves.
...
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 9. The foregoing provisions shall not constitute an obstacle to the right of prisoners of war to
p.(None): receive collective relief before their arrival in a camp or in the course of transfer, nor to the
p.(None): possibility of representatives of the Protecting Power, the International Committee of the Red
p.(None): Cross, or any other body giving assistance to prisoners which may be responsible for the
p.(None): forwarding of such supplies, ensuring the distribution thereof to the addressees by any other
p.(None): means that they may deem useful.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Annex IV. (A) Identity Card(See Art 4.)
p.(None): Annex IV. (B) Captured Card(See Art 70.)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Annex IV. (C) Correspondence Card and Letter (See Art 71.)
p.(None): Annex IV. (D) Notification of Death (See Art 120.)
p.(None): Annex IV. (E) Repatriation Certificate (See AnnexII, Art 11.)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Annex V. Model Regulations Concerning Payments Sent by Prisoners to their Own Country
p.(None): (See Art 63.)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) The notification referred to in the third paragraph of Article 63 will show:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) number as specified in Article 17, rank, surname and first names of the prisoner of war who
p.(None): is the payer;
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) the name and address of the payee in the country of origin;
p.(None): (c) the amount to be so paid in the currency of the country in which he is detained.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) The notification will be signed by the prisoner of war, or his witnessed mark made upon it if
p.(None): he cannot write, and shall be countersigned by the prisoners' representative.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) The camp commander will add to this notification a certificate that the prisoner of war
p.(None): concerned has a credit balance of not less than the amount registered as payable.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (4) The notification may be made up in lists, each sheet of such lists being witnessed by the
p.(None): prisoners' representative and certified by the camp commander.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Up
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):     
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): © International Committee of the Red Cross • Accessibility • Copyright • Privacy policy • Tax deductions • UID: CHE-105.924.024
...
Political / political affiliation
Searching for indicator party:
(return to top)
p.(None):
p.(None): Search
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Treaties and Documents Convention (III) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War.
p.(None): Geneva Conventions of 1949 Geneva, 12 August 1949.
p.(None): and Additional Protocols, and
p.(None): their Commentaries
p.(None):
p.(None): By date Preamble
p.(None):
p.(None): By topic
p.(None): The undersigned Plenipotentiaries of the Governments represented at the Diplomatic
p.(None): By State Conference held at Geneva from April 21 to August 12, 1949, for the purpose of revising the
p.(None): Convention concluded at Geneva on July 27, 1929, relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of
p.(None): War, have agreed as follows:
p.(None): Historical Treaties and
p.(None): Documents Part I. General Provisions
p.(None): By date
p.(None): Art 1. The High Contracting Parties undertake to respect and to ensure respect for the present
p.(None): By topic
p.(None): Convention in all circumstances.
p.(None): By State
p.(None): Art 2. In addition to the provisions which shall be implemented in peace time, the present
p.(None): Convention shall apply to all cases of declared war or of any other armed conflict which may
p.(None): arise between two or more of the High Contracting Parties, even if the state of war is not
p.(None): recognized by one of them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Convention shall also apply to all cases of partial or total occupation of the territory of a
p.(None): High Contracting Party, even if the said occupation meets with no armed resistance.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Although one of the Powers in conflict may not be a party to the present Convention, the Powers
p.(None): who are parties thereto shall remain bound by it in their mutual relations. They shall furthermore
p.(None): be bound by the Convention in relation to the said Power, if the latter accepts and applies the
p.(None): provisions thereof.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 3. In the case of armed conflict not of an international character occurring in the territory of
p.(None): one of the High Contracting Parties, each Party to the conflict shall be bound to apply, as a
p.(None): minimum, the following
p.(None): provisions:
p.(None): (1) Persons taking no active part in the hostilities, including members of armed forces who have
p.(None): laid down their arms and those placed hors de combat by sickness, wounds, detention, or any
p.(None): other cause, shall in all circumstances be treated humanely, without any adverse distinction
p.(None): founded on race, colour, religion or faith, sex, birth or wealth, or any other similar criteria. To this
p.(None): end the following acts are and shall remain prohibited at any time and in any place whatsoever
p.(None): with respect to the above-mentioned persons:
p.(None): (a) violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds, mutilation, cruel treatment and
p.(None): torture;
p.(None): (b) taking of hostages;
p.(None): (c) outrages upon personal dignity, in particular, humiliating and degrading treatment;
p.(None): (d) the passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgment
p.(None): pronounced by a regularly constituted court affording all the judicial guarantees which are
p.(None): recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples.
p.(None): (2) The wounded and sick shall be collected and cared for.
p.(None): An impartial humanitarian body, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, may
p.(None): offer its services to the Parties to the conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Parties to the conflict should further endeavour to bring into force, by means of special
p.(None): agreements, all or part of the other provisions of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The application of the preceding provisions shall not affect the legal status of the Parties to the
p.(None): conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 4. A. Prisoners of war, in the sense of the present Convention, are persons belonging to one
p.(None): of the following categories, who have fallen into the power of the enemy:
p.(None): (1) Members of the armed forces of a Party to the conflict, as well as members of militias or
p.(None): volunteer corps forming part of such armed forces.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Members of other militias and members of other volunteer corps, including those of
p.(None): organized resistance movements, belonging to a Party to the conflict and operating in or outside
p.(None): their own territory, even if this territory is occupied, provided that such militias or volunteer corps,
p.(None): including such organized resistance movements, fulfil the following conditions:
p.(None): (a) that of being commanded by a person responsible for his subordinates;
p.(None): (b) that of having a fixed distinctive sign recognizable at a distance;
p.(None): (c) that of carrying arms openly;
p.(None): (d) that of conducting their operations in accordance with the laws and customs of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Members of regular armed forces who profess allegiance to a government or an authority not
p.(None): recognized by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (4) Persons who accompany the armed forces without actually being members thereof, such as
p.(None): civilian members of military aircraft crews, war correspondents, supply contractors, members of
p.(None): labour units or of services responsible for the welfare of the armed forces, provided that they
p.(None): have received authorization, from the armed forces which they accompany, who shall provide
p.(None): them for that purpose with an identity card similar to the annexed model.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (5) Members of crews, including masters, pilots and apprentices, of the merchant marine and
p.(None): the crews of civil aircraft of the Parties to the conflict, who do not benefit by more favourable
...
p.(None): humanitarian organization may, subject to the consent of the Parties to the conflict concerned,
p.(None): undertake for the protection of prisoners of war and for their relief.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 10. The High Contracting Parties may at any time agree to entrust to an organization which
p.(None): offers all guarantees of impartiality and efficacy the duties incumbent on the Protecting Powers
p.(None): by virtue of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): When prisoners of war do not benefit or cease to benefit, no matter for what reason, by the
p.(None): activities of a Protecting Power or of an organization provided for in the first paragraph above,
p.(None): the Detaining Power shall request a neutral State, or such an organization, to undertake the
p.(None): functions performed under the present Convention by a Protecting Power designated by the
p.(None): Parties to a conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If protection cannot be arranged accordingly, the Detaining Power shall request or shall accept,
p.(None): subject to the provisions of this Article, the offer of the services of a humanitarian organization,
p.(None): such as the International Committee of the Red Cross to assume the humanitarian functions
p.(None): performed by Protecting Powers under the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any neutral Power or any organization invited by the Power concerned or offering itself for these
p.(None): purposes, shall be required to act with a sense of responsibility towards the Party to the conflict
p.(None): on which persons protected by the present Convention depend, and shall be required to furnish
p.(None): sufficient assurances that it is in a position to undertake the appropriate functions and to
p.(None): discharge them impartially.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No derogation from the preceding provisions shall be made by special agreements between
p.(None): Powers one of which is restricted, even temporarily, in its freedom to negotiate with the other
p.(None): Power or its allies by reason of military events, more particularly where the whole, or a
p.(None): substantial part, of the territory of the said Power is occupied.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Whenever in the present Convention mention is made of a Protecting Power, such mention
p.(None): applies to substitute organizations in the sense of the present Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 11. In cases where they deem it advisable in the interest of protected persons, particularly in
p.(None): cases of disagreement between the Parties to the conflict as to the application or interpretation
p.(None): of the provisions of the present Convention, the Protecting Powers shall lend their good offices
p.(None): with a view to settling the disagreement.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): For this purpose, each of the Protecting Powers may, either at the invitation of one Party or on
p.(None): its own initiative, propose to the Parties to the conflict a meeting of their representatives, and in
p.(None): particular of the authorities responsible for prisoners of war, possibly on neutral territory suitably
p.(None): chosen. The Parties to the conflict shall be bound to give effect to the proposals made to them
p.(None): for this purpose. The Protecting Powers may, if necessary, propose for approval by the Parties
p.(None): to the conflict a person belonging to a neutral Power, or delegated by the International
p.(None): Committee of the Red Cross, who shall be invited to take part in such a meeting.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part II. General Protection of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 12. Prisoners of war are in the hands of the enemy Power, but not of the individuals or
p.(None): military units who have captured them. Irrespective of the individual responsibilities that may
p.(None): exist, the Detaining Power is responsible for the treatment given them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war may only be transferred by the Detaining Power to a Power which is a party to
p.(None): the Convention and after the Detaining Power has satisfied itself of the willingness and ability of
p.(None): such transferee Power to apply the Convention. When prisoners of war are transferred under
p.(None): such circumstances, responsibility for the application of the Convention rests on the Power
p.(None): accepting them while they are in its custody.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Nevertheless, if that Power fails to carry out the provisions of the Convention in any important
p.(None): respect, the Power by whom the prisoners of war were transferred shall, upon being notified by
p.(None): the Protecting Power, take effective measures to correct the situation or shall request the return
p.(None): of the prisoners of war. Such requests must be complied with.
p.(None): Art 13. Prisoners of war must at all times be humanely treated. Any unlawful act or omission by
p.(None): the Detaining Power causing death or seriously endangering the health of a prisoner of war in
p.(None): its custody is prohibited, and will be regarded as a serious breach of the present Convention. In
p.(None): particular, no prisoner of war may be subjected to physical mutilation or to medical or scientific
p.(None): experiments of any kind which are not justified by the medical, dental or hospital treatment of
p.(None): the prisoner concerned and carried out in his interest.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 15. The Power detaining prisoners of war shall be bound to provide free of charge for their
p.(None): maintenance and for the medical attention required by their state of health.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 16. Taking into consideration the provisions of the present Convention relating to rank and
p.(None): sex, and subject to any privileged treatment which may be accorded to them by reason of their
p.(None): state of health, age or professional qualifications, all prisoners of war shall be treated alike by
p.(None): the Detaining Power, without any adverse distinction based on race, nationality, religious belief
p.(None): or political opinions, or any other distinction founded on similar criteria.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part III. Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section 1. Beginning of Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 17. Every prisoner of war, when questioned on the subject, is bound to give only his
p.(None): surname, first names and rank, date of birth, and army, regimental, personal or serial number, or
p.(None): failing this, equivalent information.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If he wilfully infringes this rule, he may render himself liable to a restriction of the privileges
p.(None): accorded to his rank or status.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Each Party to a conflict is required to furnish the persons under its jurisdiction who are liable to
p.(None): become prisoners of war, with an identity card showing the owner's surname, first names, rank,
p.(None): army, regimental, personal or serial number or equivalent information, and date of birth. The
p.(None): identity card may, furthermore, bear the signature or the fingerprints, or both, of the owner, and
p.(None): may bear, as well, any other information the Party to the conflict may wish to add concerning
p.(None): persons belonging to its armed forces. As far as possible the card shall measure 6.5 x 10 cm.
p.(None): and shall be issued in duplicate. The identity card shall be shown by the prisoner of war upon
p.(None): demand, but may in no case be taken away from him.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No physical or mental torture, nor any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on prisoners of
p.(None): war to secure from them information of any kind whatever. Prisoners of war who refuse to
p.(None): answer may not be threatened, insulted, or exposed to unpleasant or disadvantageous
p.(None): treatment of any kind.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who, owing to their physical or mental condition, are unable to state their
p.(None): identity, shall be handed over to the medical service. The identity of such prisoners shall be
p.(None): established by all possible means, subject to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The questioning of prisoners of war shall be carried out in a language which they understand.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 18. All effects and articles of personal use, except arms, horses, military equipment and
...
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If prisoners of war must, during evacuation, pass through transit camps, their stay in such
p.(None): camps shall be as brief as possible.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section II. Internment of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter I. General Observations
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 21. The Detaining Power may subject prisoners of war to internment. It may impose on them
p.(None): the obligation of not leaving, beyond certain limits, the camp where they are interned, or if the
p.(None): said camp is fenced in, of not going outside its perimeter. Subject to the provisions of the
p.(None): present Convention relative to penal and disciplinary sanctions, prisoners of war may not be
p.(None): held in close confinement except where necessary to safeguard their health and then only
p.(None): during the continuation of the circumstances which make such confinement necessary.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war may be partially or wholly released on parole or promise, in so far as is allowed
p.(None): by the laws of the Power on which they depend. Such measures shall be taken particularly in
p.(None): cases where this may contribute to the improvement of their state of health. No prisoner of war
p.(None): shall be compelled to accept liberty on parole or promise.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Upon the outbreak of hostilities, each Party to the conflict shall notify the adverse Party of the
p.(None): laws and regulations allowing or forbidding its own nationals to accept liberty on parole or
p.(None): promise. Prisoners of war who are paroled or who have given their promise in conformity with
p.(None): the laws and regulations so notified, are bound on their personal honour scrupulously to fulfil,
p.(None): both towards the Power on which they depend and towards the Power which has captured them,
p.(None): the engagements of their paroles or promises. In such cases, the Power on which they depend
p.(None): is bound neither to require nor to accept from them any service incompatible with the parole or
p.(None): promise given.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 22. Prisoners of war may be interned only in premises located on land and affording every
p.(None): guarantee of hygiene and healthfulness. Except in particular cases which are justified by the
p.(None): interest of the prisoners themselves, they shall not be interned in penitentiaries.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war interned in unhealthy areas, or where the climate is injurious for them, shall be
p.(None): removed as soon as possible to a more favourable climate.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power shall assemble prisoners of war in camps or camp compounds according
p.(None): to their nationality, language and customs, provided that such prisoners shall not be separated
...
p.(None): representatives to take possession of collective relief shipments intended for prisoners of war, to
p.(None): proceed to their distribution or to dispose of them in the interest of the prisoners.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Nor shall such agreements restrict the right of representatives of the Protecting Power, the
p.(None): International Committee of the Red Cross or any other organization giving assistance to
p.(None): prisoners of war and responsible for the forwarding of collective shipments, to supervise their
p.(None): distribution to the recipients.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 74. All relief shipments for prisoners of war shall be exempt from import, customs and other
p.(None): dues.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Correspondence, relief shipments and authorized remittances of money addressed to prisoners
p.(None): of war or despatched by them through the post office, either direct or through the Information
p.(None): Bureaux provided for in Article 122 and the Central Prisoners of War Agency provided for in
p.(None): Article 123, shall be exempt from any postal dues, both in the countries of origin and
p.(None): destination, and in intermediate countries.
p.(None): If relief shipments intended for prisoners of war cannot be sent through the post office by reason
p.(None): of weight or for any other cause, the cost of transportation shall be borne by the Detaining
p.(None): Power in all the territories under its control. The other Powers party to the Convention shall bear
p.(None): the cost of transport in their respective territories. In the absence of special agreements
p.(None): between the Parties concerned, the costs connected with transport of such shipments, other
p.(None): than costs covered by the above exemption, shall be charged to the senders.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The High Contracting Parties shall endeavour to reduce, so far as possible, the rates charged
p.(None): for telegrams sent by prisoners of war, or addressed to them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 75. Should military operations prevent the Powers concerned from fulfilling their obligation to
p.(None): assure the transport of the shipments referred to in Articles 70, 71, 72 and 77, the Protecting
p.(None): Powers concerned, the International Committee of the Red Cross or any other organization duly
p.(None): approved by the Parties to the conflict may undertake to ensure the conveyance of such
p.(None): shipments by suitable means (railway wagons, motor vehicles, vessels or aircraft, etc.). For this
p.(None): purpose, the High Contracting Parties shall endeavour to supply them with such transport and
p.(None): to allow its circulation, especially by granting the necessary safe-conducts.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Such transport may also be used to convey:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) correspondence, lists and reports exchanged between the Central Information Agency
p.(None): referred to in Article 123 and the National Bureaux referred to in Article 122;
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) correspondence and reports relating to prisoners of war which the Protecting Powers, the
p.(None): International Committee of the Red Cross or any other body assisting the prisoners, exchange
p.(None): either with their own delegates or with the Parties to the conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): These provisions in no way detract from the right of any Party to the conflict to arrange other
p.(None): means of transport, if it should so prefer, nor preclude the granting of safe-conducts, under
p.(None): mutually agreed conditions, to such means of transport.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In the absence of special agreements, the costs occasioned by the use of such means of
p.(None): transport shall be borne proportionally by the Parties to the conflict whose nationals are
p.(None): benefited thereby.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 76. The censoring of correspondence addressed to prisoners of war or despatched by them
p.(None): shall be done as quickly as possible. Mail shall be censored only by the despatching State and
p.(None): the receiving State, and once only by each.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The examination of consignments intended for prisoners of war shall not be carried out under
p.(None): conditions that will expose the goods contained in them to deterioration; except in the case of
p.(None): written or printed matter, it shall be done in the presence of the addressee, or of a fellow-
p.(None): prisoner duly delegated by him. The delivery to prisoners of individual or collective
p.(None): consignments shall not be delayed under the pretext of difficulties of censorship.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any prohibition of correspondence ordered by Parties to the conflict, either for military or political
p.(None): reasons, shall be only temporary and its duration shall be as short as possible.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): hostilities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 112. Upon the outbreak of hostilities, Mixed Medical Commissions shall be appointed to
p.(None): examine sick and wounded prisoners of war, and to make all appropriate decisions regarding
p.(None): them. The appointment, duties and functioning of these Commissions shall be in conformity with
p.(None): the provisions of the Regulations annexed to the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): However, prisoners of war who, in the opinion of the medical authorities of the Detaining Power,
p.(None): are manifestly seriously injured or seriously sick, may be repatriated without having to be
p.(None): examined by a Mixed Medical Commission.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 113. Besides those who are designated by the medical authorities of the Detaining Power,
p.(None): wounded or sick prisoners of war belonging to the categories listed below shall be entitled to
p.(None): present themselves for examination by the Mixed Medical Commissions provided for in the
p.(None): foregoing Article:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Wounded and sick proposed by a physician or surgeon who is of the same nationality, or a
p.(None): national of a Party to the conflict allied with the Power on which the said prisoners depend, and
p.(None): who exercises his functions in the camp.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Wounded and sick proposed by their prisoners' representative.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Wounded and sick proposed by the Power on which they depend, or by an organization duly
p.(None): recognized by the said Power and giving assistance to the prisoners.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who do not belong to one of the three foregoing categories may nevertheless
p.(None): present themselves for examination by Mixed Medical Commissions, but shall be examined only
p.(None): after those belonging to the said categories.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The physician or surgeon of the same nationality as the prisoners who present themselves for
p.(None): examination by the Mixed Medical Commission, likewise the prisoners' representative of the
p.(None): said prisoners, shall have permission to be present at the examination.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 114. Prisoners of war who meet with accidents shall, unless the injury is self-inflicted, have
p.(None): the benefit of the provisions of this Convention as regards repatriation or accommodation in a
p.(None): neutral country.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): honourably buried, if possible according to the rites of the religion to which they belonged, and
p.(None): that their graves are respected, suitably maintained and marked so as to be found at any time.
p.(None): Wherever possible, deceased prisoners of war who depended on the same Power shall be
p.(None): interred in the same place.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Deceased prisoners of war shall be buried in individual graves unless unavoidable
p.(None): circumstances require the use of collective graves. Bodies may be cremated only for imperative
p.(None): reasons of hygiene, on account of the religion of the deceased or in accordance with his
p.(None): express wish to this effect. In case of cremation, the fact shall be stated and the reasons given
p.(None): in the death certificate of the deceased.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In order that graves may always be found, all particulars of burials and graves shall be recorded
p.(None): with a Graves Registration Service established by the Detaining Power. Lists of graves and
p.(None): particulars of the prisoners of war interred in cemeteries and elsewhere shall be transmitted to
p.(None): the Power on which such prisoners of war depended. Responsibility for the care of these graves
p.(None): and for records of any subsequent moves of the bodies shall rest on the Power controlling the
p.(None): territory, if a Party to the present Convention. These provisions shall also apply to the ashes,
p.(None): which shall be kept by the Graves Registration Service until proper disposal thereof in
p.(None): accordance with the wishes of the home country.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 121. Every death or serious injury of a prisoner of war caused or suspected to have been
p.(None): caused by a sentry, another prisoner of war, or any other person, as well as any death the
p.(None): cause of which is unknown, shall be immediately followed by an official enquiry by the Detaining
p.(None): Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A communication on this subject shall be sent immediately to the Protecting Power. Statements
p.(None): shall be taken from witnesses, especially from those who are prisoners of war, and a report
p.(None): including such statements shall be forwarded to the Protecting Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If the enquiry indicates the guilt of one or more persons, the Detaining Power shall take all
p.(None): measures for the prosecution of the person or persons responsible.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): PART V. Information Bureaux and Relief Societies for Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 122. Upon the outbreak of a conflict and in all cases of occupation, each of the Parties to the
p.(None): conflict shall institute an official Information Bureau for prisoners of war who are in its power.
p.(None): Neutral or non-belligerent Powers who may have received within their territory persons
...
p.(None): prerogatives. The appointment of such delegates shall be submitted to the approval of the
p.(None): Power detaining the prisoners of war to be visited.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 127. The High Contracting Parties undertake, in time of peace as in time of war, to
p.(None): disseminate the text of the present Convention as widely as possible in their respective
p.(None): countries, and, in particular, to include the study thereof in their programmes of military and, if
p.(None): possible, civil instruction, so that the principles thereof may become known to all their armed
p.(None): forces and to the entire population.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any military or other authorities, who in time of war assume responsibilities in respect of
p.(None): prisoners of war, must possess the text of the Convention and be specially instructed as to its
p.(None): provisions.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 128. The High Contracting Parties shall communicate to one another through the Swiss
p.(None): Federal Council and, during hostilities, through the Protecting Powers, the official translations of
p.(None): the present Convention, as well as the laws and regulations which they may adopt to ensure the
p.(None): application thereof.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 129. The High Contracting Parties undertake to enact any legislation necessary to provide
p.(None): effective penal sanctions for persons committing, or ordering to be committed, any of the grave
p.(None): breaches of the present Convention defined in the following Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Each High Contracting Party shall be under the obligation to search for persons alleged to have
p.(None): committed. or to have ordered to be committed, such grave breaches, and shall bring such
p.(None): persons, regardless of their nationality, before its own courts. It may also, if it prefers, and in
p.(None): accordance with the provisions of its own legislation, hand such persons over for trial to another
p.(None): High Contracting Party concerned, provided such High Contracting Party has made out a prima
p.(None): facie case.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Each High Contracting Party shall take measures necessary for the suppression of all acts
p.(None): contrary to the provisions of the present Convention other than the grave breaches defined in
p.(None): the following Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In all circumstances, the accused persons shall benefit by safeguards of proper trial and
p.(None): defence, which shall not be less favourable than those provided by Article 105 and those
p.(None): following of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 130. Grave breaches to which the preceding Article relates shall be those involving any of
p.(None): the following acts, if committed against persons or property protected by the Convention: wilful
p.(None): killing, torture or inhuman treatment, including biological experiments, wilfully causing great
p.(None): suffering or serious injury to body or health, compelling a prisoner of war to serve in the forces
p.(None): of the hostile Power, or wilfully depriving a prisoner of war of the rights of fair and regular trial
p.(None): prescribed in this Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 131. No High Contracting Party shall be allowed to absolve itself or any other High
p.(None): Contracting Party of any liability incurred by itself or by another High Contracting Party in
p.(None): respect of breaches referred to in the preceding Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 132. At the request of a Party to the conflict, an enquiry shall be instituted, in a manner to be
p.(None): decided between the interested Parties, concerning any alleged violation of the Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If agreement has not been reached concerning the procedure for the enquiry, the Parties should
p.(None): agree on the choice of an umpire who will decide upon the procedure to be followed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Once the violation has been established, the Parties to the conflict shall put an end to it and
p.(None): shall repress it with the least possible delay.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section II. Final Provisions
p.(None): Art 133. The present Convention is established in English and in French. Both texts are equally
p.(None): authentic.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Swiss Federal Council shall arrange for official translations of the Convention to be made in
p.(None): the Russian and Spanish languages.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 134. The present Convention replaces the Convention of July 27, 1929, in relations between
p.(None): the High Contracting Parties.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 135. In the relations between the Powers which are bound by the Hague Convention
p.(None): respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, whether that of July 29, 1899, or that of
p.(None): October 18, 1907, and which are parties to the present Convention, this last Convention shall be
p.(None): complementary to Chapter II of the Regulations annexed to th above-mentioned Conventions of
p.(None): the Hague.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 136. The present Convention, which bears the date of this day, is open to signature until
p.(None): February 12, 1950, in the name of the Powers represented at the Conference which opened at
p.(None): Geneva on April 21, 1949; furthermore, by Powers not represented at that Conference, but
p.(None): which are parties to the Convention of July 27, 1929.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 137. The present Convention shall be ratified as soon as possible and the ratifications shall
p.(None): be deposited at Berne.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A record shall be drawn up of the deposit of each instrument of ratification and certified copies of
p.(None): this record shall be transmitted by the Swiss Federal Council to all the Powers in whose name
p.(None): the Convention has been signed, or whose accession has been notified.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 138. The present Convention shall come into force six months after not less than two
p.(None): instruments of ratification have been deposited.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Thereafter, it shall come into force for each High Contracting Party six months after the deposit
p.(None): of the instrument of ratification.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 139. From the date of its coming into force, it shall be open to any Power in whose name the
p.(None): present Convention has not been signed, to accede to this Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 140. Accessions shall be notified in writing to the Swiss Federal Council, and shall take
p.(None): effect six months after the date on which they are received.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Swiss Federal Council shall communicate the accessions to all the Powers in whose name
p.(None): the Convention has been signed, or whose accession has been notified.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 141. The situations provided for in Articles 2 and 3 shall give immediate effect to ratifications
p.(None): deposited and accessions notified by the Parties to the conflict before or after the beginning of
p.(None): hostilities or occupation. The Swiss Federal Council shall communicate by the quickest method
p.(None): any ratifications or accessions received from Parties to the conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 142. Each of the High Contracting Parties shall be at liberty to denounce the present
p.(None): Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The denunciation shall be notified in writing to the Swiss Federal Council, which shall transmit it
p.(None): to the Governments of all the High Contracting Parties.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The denunciation shall take effect one year after the notification thereof has been made to the
p.(None): Swiss Federal Council. However, a denunciation of which notification has been made at a time
p.(None): when the denouncing Power is involved in a conflict shall not take effect until peace has been
...
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) All contagious diseases during the period in which they are transmissible, with the exception
p.(None): of tuberculosis.
p.(None): II. General Observations
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) The conditions given shall, in a general way, be interpreted and applied in as broad a spirit
p.(None): as possible. Neuropathic and psychopathic conditions caused by war or captivity, as well as
p.(None): cases of tuberculosis in all stages, shall above all benefit by such liberal interpretation. Prisoners
p.(None): of war who have sustained several wounds, none of which, considered by itself, justifies
p.(None): repatriation, shall be examined in the same spirit, with due regard for the psychic traumatism
p.(None): due to the number of their wounds.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) All unquestionable cases giving the right to direct repatriation (amputation, total blindness or
p.(None): deafness, open pulmonary tuberculosis, mental disorder, malignant growth, etc.) shall be
p.(None): examined and repatriated as soon as possible by the camp physicians or by military medical
p.(None): commissions appointed by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Injuries and diseases which existed before the war and which have not become worse, as
p.(None): well as war injuries which have not prevented subsequent military service, shall not entitle to
p.(None): direct repatriation.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (4) The provisions of this Annex shall be interpreted and applied in a similar manner in all
p.(None): countries party to the conflict. The Powers and authorities concerned shall grant to Mixed
p.(None): Medical Commissions all the facilities necessary for the accomplishment of their task.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (5) The examples quoted under (1) above represent only typical cases. Cases which do not
p.(None): correspond exactly to these provisions shall be judged in the spirit of the provisions of Article
p.(None): 110 of the present Convention, and of the principles embodied in the present Agreement.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Annex II. Regulations Concerning Mixed Medical Commissions (see Art 112.)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 1. The Mixed Medical Commissions provided for in Article 112 of the Convention shall be
p.(None): composed of three members, two of whom shall belong to a neutral country, the third being
p.(None): appointed by the Detaining Power. One of the neutral members shall take the chair.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 2. The two neutral members shall be appointed by the International Committee of the Red
p.(None): Cross, acting in agreement with the Protecting Power, at the request of the Detaining Power.
p.(None): They may be domiciled either in their country of origin, in any other neutral country, or in the
p.(None): territory of the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 3. The neutral members shall be approved by the Parties to the conflict concerned, who shall
p.(None): notify their approval to the International Committee of the Red Cross and to the Protecting
p.(None): Power. Upon such notification, the neutral members shall be considered as effectively
p.(None): appointed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 4. Deputy members shall also be appointed in sufficient number to replace the regular
p.(None): members in case of need. They shall be appointed at the same time as the regular members or,
p.(None): at least, as soon as possible.
...
Searching for indicator political:
(return to top)
p.(None): Art 14. Prisoners of war are entitled in all circumstances to respect for their persons and their
p.(None): honour.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Women shall be treated with all the regard due to their sex and shall in all cases benefit by
p.(None): treatment as favourable as that granted to men.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall retain the full civil capacity which they enjoyed at the time of their capture.
p.(None): The Detaining Power may not restrict the exercise, either within or without its own territory, of the
p.(None): rights such capacity confers except in so far as the captivity requires.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 15. The Power detaining prisoners of war shall be bound to provide free of charge for their
p.(None): maintenance and for the medical attention required by their state of health.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 16. Taking into consideration the provisions of the present Convention relating to rank and
p.(None): sex, and subject to any privileged treatment which may be accorded to them by reason of their
p.(None): state of health, age or professional qualifications, all prisoners of war shall be treated alike by
p.(None): the Detaining Power, without any adverse distinction based on race, nationality, religious belief
p.(None): or political opinions, or any other distinction founded on similar criteria.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part III. Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section 1. Beginning of Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 17. Every prisoner of war, when questioned on the subject, is bound to give only his
p.(None): surname, first names and rank, date of birth, and army, regimental, personal or serial number, or
p.(None): failing this, equivalent information.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If he wilfully infringes this rule, he may render himself liable to a restriction of the privileges
p.(None): accorded to his rank or status.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Each Party to a conflict is required to furnish the persons under its jurisdiction who are liable to
p.(None): become prisoners of war, with an identity card showing the owner's surname, first names, rank,
p.(None): army, regimental, personal or serial number or equivalent information, and date of birth. The
p.(None): identity card may, furthermore, bear the signature or the fingerprints, or both, of the owner, and
p.(None): may bear, as well, any other information the Party to the conflict may wish to add concerning
p.(None): persons belonging to its armed forces. As far as possible the card shall measure 6.5 x 10 cm.
...
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): These provisions in no way detract from the right of any Party to the conflict to arrange other
p.(None): means of transport, if it should so prefer, nor preclude the granting of safe-conducts, under
p.(None): mutually agreed conditions, to such means of transport.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In the absence of special agreements, the costs occasioned by the use of such means of
p.(None): transport shall be borne proportionally by the Parties to the conflict whose nationals are
p.(None): benefited thereby.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 76. The censoring of correspondence addressed to prisoners of war or despatched by them
p.(None): shall be done as quickly as possible. Mail shall be censored only by the despatching State and
p.(None): the receiving State, and once only by each.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The examination of consignments intended for prisoners of war shall not be carried out under
p.(None): conditions that will expose the goods contained in them to deterioration; except in the case of
p.(None): written or printed matter, it shall be done in the presence of the addressee, or of a fellow-
p.(None): prisoner duly delegated by him. The delivery to prisoners of individual or collective
p.(None): consignments shall not be delayed under the pretext of difficulties of censorship.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any prohibition of correspondence ordered by Parties to the conflict, either for military or political
p.(None): reasons, shall be only temporary and its duration shall be as short as possible.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 77. The Detaining Powers shall provide all facilities for the transmission, through the
p.(None): Protecting Power or the Central Prisoners of War Agency provided for in Article 123 of
p.(None): instruments, papers or documents intended for prisoners of war or despatched by them,
p.(None): especially powers of attorney and wills.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In all cases they shall facilitate the preparation and execution of such documents on behalf of
p.(None): prisoners of war; in particular, they shall allow them to consult a lawyer and shall take what
p.(None): measures are necessary for the authentication of their signatures.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section VI. Relations Between Prisoners of War and the Authorities
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter I. Complaints of Prisoners of War Respecting the Conditions of Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 78 Prisoners of war shall have the right to make known to the military authorities in whose
p.(None): power they are, their requests regarding the conditions of captivity to which they are subjected.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): They shall also have the unrestricted right to apply to the representatives of the Protecting
p.(None): Powers either through their prisoners' representative or, if they consider it necessary, direct, in
...
Health / Cognitive Impairment
Searching for indicator impairment:
(return to top)
p.(None): mental or physical fitness, noticeable loss of weight and general asthenia.
p.(None): (i) Blindness of both eyes, or of one eye when the vision of the other is less than 1 in spite of the
p.(None): use of corrective glasses; diminution of visual acuity in cases where it is impossible to restore it
p.(None): by correction to an acuity of 1/2 in at least one eye *; other grave ocular affections, for example:
p.(None): glaucoma, iritis, choroiditis; trachoma; etc.
p.(None): (k) Auditive disorders, such as total unilateral deafness, if the other ear does not discern the
p.(None): ordinary spoken word at a distance of one metre *; etc.
p.(None): (l) Serious affections of metabolism, for example: diabetes mellitus requiring insulin treatment;
p.(None): etc.
p.(None): (m) Serious disorders of the endocrine glands, for example: thyrotoxicosis; hypothyrosis;
p.(None): Addison's disease; Simmonds' cachexia; tetany; etc.
p.(None): (n) Grave and chronic disorders of the blood-forming organs.
p.(None): (o) Serious cases of chronic intoxication, for example: lead poisoning, mercury poisoning,
p.(None): morphinism, cocainism, alcoholism; gas or radiation poisoning; etc.
p.(None): (p) Chronic affections of locomotion, with obvious functional disorders, for example: arthritis
p.(None): deformans; primary and secondary progressive chronic polyarthritis; rheumatism with serious
p.(None): clinical symptoms; etc.
p.(None): (q) Serious chronic skin diseases, not amenable to treatment.
p.(None): (r) Any malignant growth.
p.(None): (s) Serious chronic infectious diseases, persisting for one year after their inception, for example:
p.(None): malaria with decided organic impairment, amoebic or bacillary dysentery with grave disorders;
p.(None): tertiary visceral syphilis resistant to treatment; leprosy; etc.
p.(None): (t) Serious avitaminosis or serious inanition.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): [NOTE] * The decision of the Mixed Medical Commission shall be based to a great extent on the
p.(None): records kept by camp physicians and surgeons of the same nationality as the prisoners of war,
p.(None): or on an examination by medical specialists of the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): B. ACCOMMODATION IN NEUTRAL COUNTRIES
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following shall be eligible for accommodation in a neutral country:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) All wounded prisoners of war who are not likely to recover in captivity, but who might be
p.(None): cured or whose condition might be considerably improved by accommodation in a neutral
p.(None): country.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Prisoners of war suffering from any form of tuberculosis, of whatever organ, and whose
p.(None): treatment in a neutral country would be likely to lead to recovery or at least to considerable
p.(None): improvement, with the exception of primary tuberculosis cured before captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Prisoners of war suffering from affections requiring treatment of the respiratory, circulatory,
p.(None): digestive, nervous, sensory, genito-urinary, cutaneous, locomotive organs, etc., if such
p.(None): treatment would clearly have better results in a neutral country than in captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
Health / Drug Usage
Searching for indicator usage:
(return to top)
p.(None): B. The following shall likewise be treated as prisoners of war under the present Convention:
p.(None): (1) Persons belonging, or having belonged, to the armed forces of the occupied country, if the
p.(None): occupying Power considers it necessary by reason of such allegiance to intern them, even
p.(None): though it has originally liberated them while hostilities were going on outside the territory it
p.(None): occupies, in particular where such persons have made an unsuccessful attempt to rejoin the
p.(None): armed forces to which they belong and which are engaged in combat, or where they fail to
p.(None): comply with a summons made to them with a view to internment.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) The persons belonging to one of the categories enumerated in the present Article, who have
p.(None): been received by neutral or non-belligerent Powers on their territory and whom these Powers
p.(None): are required to intern under international law, without prejudice to any more favourable
p.(None): treatment which these Powers may choose to give and with the exception of Articles 8, 10, 15,
p.(None): 30, fifth paragraph, 58-67, 92, 126 and, where diplomatic relations exist between the Parties to
p.(None): the conflict and the neutral or non-belligerent Power concerned, those Articles concerning the
p.(None): Protecting Power. Where such diplomatic relations exist, the Parties to a conflict on whom these
p.(None): persons depend shall be allowed to perform towards them the functions of a Protecting Power
p.(None): as provided in the present Convention, without prejudice to the functions which these Parties
p.(None): normally exercise in conformity with diplomatic and consular usage and treaties.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): C. This Article shall in no way affect the status of medical personnel and chaplains as provided
p.(None): for in Article 33 of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 5. The present Convention shall apply to the persons referred to in Article 4 from the time
p.(None): they fall into the power of the enemy and until their final release and repatriation.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Should any doubt arise as to whether persons, having committed a belligerent act and having
p.(None): fallen into the hands of the enemy, belong to any of the categories enumerated in Article 4, such
p.(None): persons shall enjoy the protection of the present Convention until such time as their status has
p.(None): been determined by a competent tribunal.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 6. In addition to the agreements expressly provided for in Articles 10, 23, 28, 33, 60, 65, 66,
p.(None): 67, 72, 73, 75, 109, 110, 118, 119, 122 and 132, the High Contracting Parties may conclude
p.(None): other special agreements for all matters concerning which they may deem it suitable to make
p.(None): separate provision. No special agreement shall adversely affect the situation of prisoners of
p.(None): war, as defined by the present Convention, nor restrict the rights which it confers upon them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall continue to have the benefit of such agreements as long as the
p.(None): Convention is applicable to them, except where express provisions to the contrary are contained
p.(None): in the aforesaid or in subsequent agreements, or where more favourable measures have been
p.(None): taken with regard to them by one or other of the Parties to the conflict.
...
Health / Intoxication
Searching for indicator intoxication:
(return to top)
p.(None): or chronic cystitis; hydronephrosis or pyonephrosis; chronic grave gynaecological conditions;
p.(None): normal pregnancy and obstetrical disorder, where it is impossible to accommodate in a neutral
p.(None): country; etc.
p.(None): (g) Serious chronic diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system, for example: all
p.(None): obvious psychoses and psychoneuroses, such as serious hysteria, serious captivity
p.(None): psychoneurosis, etc., duly verified by a specialist *; any epilepsy duly verified by the camp
p.(None): physician *; cerebral arteriosclerosis; chronic neuritis lasting more than one year; etc.
p.(None): (h) Serious chronic diseases of the neuro-vegetative system, with considerable diminution of
p.(None): mental or physical fitness, noticeable loss of weight and general asthenia.
p.(None): (i) Blindness of both eyes, or of one eye when the vision of the other is less than 1 in spite of the
p.(None): use of corrective glasses; diminution of visual acuity in cases where it is impossible to restore it
p.(None): by correction to an acuity of 1/2 in at least one eye *; other grave ocular affections, for example:
p.(None): glaucoma, iritis, choroiditis; trachoma; etc.
p.(None): (k) Auditive disorders, such as total unilateral deafness, if the other ear does not discern the
p.(None): ordinary spoken word at a distance of one metre *; etc.
p.(None): (l) Serious affections of metabolism, for example: diabetes mellitus requiring insulin treatment;
p.(None): etc.
p.(None): (m) Serious disorders of the endocrine glands, for example: thyrotoxicosis; hypothyrosis;
p.(None): Addison's disease; Simmonds' cachexia; tetany; etc.
p.(None): (n) Grave and chronic disorders of the blood-forming organs.
p.(None): (o) Serious cases of chronic intoxication, for example: lead poisoning, mercury poisoning,
p.(None): morphinism, cocainism, alcoholism; gas or radiation poisoning; etc.
p.(None): (p) Chronic affections of locomotion, with obvious functional disorders, for example: arthritis
p.(None): deformans; primary and secondary progressive chronic polyarthritis; rheumatism with serious
p.(None): clinical symptoms; etc.
p.(None): (q) Serious chronic skin diseases, not amenable to treatment.
p.(None): (r) Any malignant growth.
p.(None): (s) Serious chronic infectious diseases, persisting for one year after their inception, for example:
p.(None): malaria with decided organic impairment, amoebic or bacillary dysentery with grave disorders;
p.(None): tertiary visceral syphilis resistant to treatment; leprosy; etc.
p.(None): (t) Serious avitaminosis or serious inanition.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): [NOTE] * The decision of the Mixed Medical Commission shall be based to a great extent on the
p.(None): records kept by camp physicians and surgeons of the same nationality as the prisoners of war,
p.(None): or on an examination by medical specialists of the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): B. ACCOMMODATION IN NEUTRAL COUNTRIES
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following shall be eligible for accommodation in a neutral country:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) All wounded prisoners of war who are not likely to recover in captivity, but who might be
p.(None): cured or whose condition might be considerably improved by accommodation in a neutral
p.(None): country.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Prisoners of war suffering from any form of tuberculosis, of whatever organ, and whose
p.(None): treatment in a neutral country would be likely to lead to recovery or at least to considerable
p.(None): improvement, with the exception of primary tuberculosis cured before captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Prisoners of war suffering from affections requiring treatment of the respiratory, circulatory,
p.(None): digestive, nervous, sensory, genito-urinary, cutaneous, locomotive organs, etc., if such
p.(None): treatment would clearly have better results in a neutral country than in captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (4) Prisoners of war who have undergone a nephrectomy in captivity for a non-tubercular renal
p.(None): affection; cases of osteomyelitis, on the way to recovery or latent; diabetes mellitus not requiring
p.(None): insulin treatment; etc.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (5) Prisoners of war suffering from war or captivity neuroses. Cases of captivity neurosis which
p.(None): are not cured after three months of accommodation in a neutral country, or which after that
p.(None): length of time are not clearly on the way to complete cure, shall be repatriated.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (6) All prisoners of war suffering from chronic intoxication (gases, metals, alkaloids, etc.), for
p.(None): whom the prospects of cure in a neutral country are especially favourable.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (7) All women prisoners of war who are pregnant or mothers with infants and small children.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following cases shall not be eligible for accommodation in a neutral country:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) All duly verified chronic psychoses.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) All organic or functional nervous affections considered to be incurable.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) All contagious diseases during the period in which they are transmissible, with the exception
p.(None): of tuberculosis.
p.(None): II. General Observations
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) The conditions given shall, in a general way, be interpreted and applied in as broad a spirit
p.(None): as possible. Neuropathic and psychopathic conditions caused by war or captivity, as well as
p.(None): cases of tuberculosis in all stages, shall above all benefit by such liberal interpretation. Prisoners
p.(None): of war who have sustained several wounds, none of which, considered by itself, justifies
p.(None): repatriation, shall be examined in the same spirit, with due regard for the psychic traumatism
p.(None): due to the number of their wounds.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) All unquestionable cases giving the right to direct repatriation (amputation, total blindness or
...
Health / Mentally Disabled
Searching for indicator disabled:
(return to top)
p.(None): the cleanliness and healthfulness of camps and to prevent epidemics.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall have for their use, day and night, conveniences which conform to the
p.(None): rules of hygiene and are maintained in a constant state of cleanliness. In any camps in which
p.(None): women prisoners of war are accommodated, separate conveniences shall be provided for them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Also, apart from the baths and showers with which the camps shall be furnished prisoners of
p.(None): war shall be provided with sufficient water and soap for their personal toilet and for washing their
p.(None): personal laundry; the necessary installations, facilities and time shall be granted them for that
p.(None): purpose.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 30. Every camp shall have an adequate infirmary where prisoners of war may have the
p.(None): attention they require, as well as appropriate diet. Isolation wards shall, if necessary, be set
p.(None): aside for cases of contagious or mental disease.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war suffering from serious disease, or whose condition necessitates special
p.(None): treatment, a surgical operation or hospital care, must be admitted to any military or civilian
p.(None): medical unit where such treatment can be given, even if their repatriation is contemplated in the
p.(None): near future. Special facilities shall be afforded for the care to be given to the disabled, in
p.(None): particular to the blind, and for their. rehabilitation, pending repatriation.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall have the attention, preferably, of medical personnel of the Power on
p.(None): which they depend and, if possible, of their nationality.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war may not be prevented from presenting themselves to the medical authorities
p.(None): for examination. The detaining authorities shall, upon request, issue to every prisoner who has
p.(None): undergone treatment, an official certificate indicating the nature of his illness or injury, and the
p.(None): duration and kind of treatment received. A duplicate of this certificate shall be forwarded to the
p.(None): Central Prisoners of War Agency.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The costs of treatment, including those of any apparatus necessary for the maintenance of
p.(None): prisoners of war in good health, particularly dentures and other artificial appliances, and
p.(None): spectacles, shall be borne by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 31. Medical inspections of prisoners of war shall be held at least once a month. They shall
p.(None): include the checking and the recording of the weight of each prisoner of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Their purpose shall be, in particular, to supervise the general state of health, nutrition and
...
Searching for indicator disability:
(return to top)
p.(None): that Power, showing the credit balance then due to him. The Detaining Power shall also send
p.(None): through the Protecting Power to the government upon which the prisoner of war depends, lists
p.(None): giving all appropriate particulars of all prisoners of war whose captivity has been terminated by
p.(None): repatriation, release, escape, death or any other means, and showing the amount of their credit
p.(None): balances. Such lists shall be certified on each sheet by an authorized representative of the
p.(None): Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any of the above provisions of this Article may be varied by mutual agreement between any two
p.(None): Parties to the conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Power on which the prisoner of war depends shall be responsible for settling with him any
p.(None): credit balance due to him from the Detaining Power on the termination of his captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 67. Advances of pay, issued to prisoners of war in conformity with Article 60, shall be
p.(None): considered as made on behalf of the Power on which they depend. Such advances of pay, as
p.(None): well as all payments made by the said Power under Article 63, third paragraph, and Article 68,
p.(None): shall form the subject of arrangements between the Powers concerned, at the close of
p.(None): hostilities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 68. Any claim by a prisoner of war for compensation in respect of any injury or other
p.(None): disability arising out of work shall be referred to the Power on which he depends, through the
p.(None): Protecting Power. In accordance with Article 54, the Detaining Power will, in all cases, provide
p.(None): the prisoner of war concerned with a statement showing the nature of the injury or disability, the
p.(None): circumstances in which it arose and particulars of medical or hospital treatment given for it. This
p.(None): statement will be signed by a responsible officer of the Detaining Power and the medical
p.(None): particulars certified by a medical officer.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any claim by a prisoner of war for compensation in respect of personal effects monies or
p.(None): valuables impounded by the Detaining Power under Article 18 and not forthcoming on his
p.(None): repatriation, or in respect of loss alleged to be due to the fault of the Detaining Power or any of
p.(None): its servants, shall likewise be referred to the Power on which he depends. Nevertheless, any
p.(None): such personal effects required for use by the prisoners of war whilst in captivity shall be
p.(None): replaced at the expense of the Detaining Power. The Detaining Power will, in all cases, provide
p.(None): the prisoner of war with a statement, signed by a responsible officer, showing all available
p.(None): information regarding the reasons why such effects, monies or valuables have not been
p.(None): restored to him. A copy of this statement will be forwarded to the Power on which he depends
p.(None): through the Central Prisoners of War Agency provided for in Article 123.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section V. Relations of Prisoners of War With the Exterior
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): peoples, from the laws of humanity and the dictates of the public conscience.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 143. The Swiss Federal Council shall register the present Convention with the Secretariat of
p.(None): the United Nations. The Swiss Federal Council shall also inform the Secretariat of the United
p.(None): Nations of all ratifications, accessions and denunciations received by it with respect to the
p.(None): present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, having deposited their respective full powers, have
p.(None): signed the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): DONE at Geneva this twelfth day of August 1949, in the English and French languages. The
p.(None): original shall be deposited in the Archives of the Swiss Confederation. The Swiss Federal
p.(None): Council shall transmit certified copies thereof to each of the signatory and acceding States.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Annex I. Model Agreement Concerning Direct Repatriation and Accommodation in Neutral
p.(None): Countries of Wounded and Sick Prisoners of War.(see Art 110.)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): I. Principles for Direct Repatriation and Accommodation in Neutral Countries
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A. DIRECT REPATRIATION
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following shall be repatriated direct:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) All prisoners of war suffering from the following disabilities as the result of trauma: loss of a
p.(None): limb, paralysis, articular or other disabilities, when this disability is at least the loss of a hand or
p.(None): a foot, or the equivalent of the loss of a hand or a foot.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Without prejudice to a more generous interpretation, the following shall be considered as
p.(None): equivalent to the loss of a hand or a foot:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) Loss of a hand or of all the fingers, or of the thumb and forefinger of one hand; loss of a foot,
p.(None): or of all the toes and metatarsals of one foot.
p.(None): (b) Ankylosis, loss of osseous tissue, cicatricial contracture preventing the functioning of one of
p.(None): the large articulations or of all the digital joints of one hand.
p.(None): (c) Pseudarthrosis of the long bones.
p.(None): (d) Deformities due to fracture or other injury which seriously interfere with function and weight-
p.(None): bearing power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) All wounded prisoners of war whose condition has become chronic, to the extent that
p.(None): prognosis appears to exclude recovery--in spite of treatment--within one year from the date of
p.(None): the injury, as, for example, in case of:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) Projectile in the heart, even if the Mixed Medical Commission should fail, at the time of their
p.(None): examination, to detect any serious disorders.
p.(None): (b) Metallic splinter in the brain or the lungs, even if the Mixed Medical Commission cannot, at
p.(None): the time of examination, detect any local or general reaction.
p.(None): (c) Osteomyelitis, when recovery cannot be foreseen in the course of the year following the
p.(None): injury, and which seems likely to result in ankylosis of a joint, or other impairments equivalent to
p.(None): the loss of a hand or a foot.
p.(None): (d) Perforating and suppurating injury to the large joints.
p.(None): (e) Injury to the skull, with loss or shifting of bony tissue.
...
Health / Mentally Incapacitated
Searching for indicator incapable:
(return to top)
p.(None): Furthermore, every prisoner who has worked for one year shall be granted a rest of eight
p.(None): consecutive days, during which his working pay shall be paid him.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If methods of labour such as piece work are employed, the length of the working period shall
p.(None): not be rendered excessive thereby.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 54. The working pay due to prisoners of war shall be fixed in accordance with the provisions
p.(None): of Article 62 of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who sustain accidents in connection with work, or who contract a disease in
p.(None): the course, or in consequence of their work, shall receive all the care their condition may
p.(None): require. The Detaining Power shall furthermore deliver to such prisoners of war a medical
p.(None): certificate enabling them to submit their claims to the Power on which they depend, and shall
p.(None): send a duplicate to the Central Prisoners of War Agency provided for in Article 123.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 55. The fitness of prisoners of war for work shall be periodically verified by medical
p.(None): examinations at least once a month. The examinations shall have particular regard to the nature
p.(None): of the work which prisoners of war are required to do.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If any prisoner of war considers himself incapable of working, he shall be permitted to appear
p.(None): before the medical authorities of his camp. Physicians or surgeons may recommend that the
p.(None): prisoners who are, in their opinion, unfit for work, be exempted therefrom.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 56. The organization and administration of labour detachments shall be similar to those of
p.(None): prisoner of war camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Every labour detachment shall remain under the control of and administratively part of a
p.(None): prisoner of war camp. The military authorities and the commander of the said camp shall be
p.(None): responsible, under the direction of their government, for the observance of the provisions of the
p.(None): present Convention in labour detachments.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The camp commander shall keep an up-to-date record of the labour detachments dependent on
p.(None): his camp, and shall communicate it to the delegates of the Protecting Power, of the International
p.(None): Committee of the Red Cross, or of other agencies giving relief to prisoners of war, who may visit
p.(None): the camp.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 57. The treatment of prisoners of war who work for private persons, even if the latter are
p.(None): responsible for guarding and protecting them, shall not be inferior to that which is provided for by
...
Health / Motherhood/Family
Searching for indicator family:
(return to top)
p.(None): such personal effects required for use by the prisoners of war whilst in captivity shall be
p.(None): replaced at the expense of the Detaining Power. The Detaining Power will, in all cases, provide
p.(None): the prisoner of war with a statement, signed by a responsible officer, showing all available
p.(None): information regarding the reasons why such effects, monies or valuables have not been
p.(None): restored to him. A copy of this statement will be forwarded to the Power on which he depends
p.(None): through the Central Prisoners of War Agency provided for in Article 123.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section V. Relations of Prisoners of War With the Exterior
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 69. Immediately upon prisoners of war falling into its power, the Detaining Power shall inform
p.(None): them and the Powers on which they depend, through the Protecting Power, of the measures
p.(None): taken to carry out the provisions of the present Section. They shall likewise inform the parties
p.(None): concerned of any subsequent modifications of such measures.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 70. Immediately upon capture, or not more than one week after arrival at a camp, even if it is
p.(None): a transit camp, likewise in case of sickness or transfer to hospital or to another camp, every
p.(None): prisoner of war shall be enabled to write direct to his family, on the one hand, and to the Central
p.(None): Prisoners of War Agency provided for in Article 123, on the other hand, a card similar, if
p.(None): possible, to the model annexed to the present Convention, informing his relatives of his capture,
p.(None): address and state of health. The said cards shall be forwarded as rapidly as possible and may
p.(None): not be delayed in any manner.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 71. Prisoners of war shall be allowed to send and receive letters and cards. If the Detaining
p.(None): Power deems it necessary to limit the number of letters and cards sent by each prisoner of war,
p.(None): the said number shall not be less than two letters and four cards monthly, exclusive of the
p.(None): capture cards provided for in Article 70, and conforming as closely as possible to the models
p.(None): annexed to the present Convention. Further limitations may be imposed only if the Protecting
p.(None): Power is satisfied that it would be in the interests of the prisoners of war concerned to do so
p.(None): owing to difficulties of translation caused by the Detaining Power's inability to find sufficient
p.(None): qualified linguists to carry out the necessary censorship. If limitations must be placed on the
p.(None): correspondence addressed to prisoners of war, they may be ordered only by the Power on
p.(None): which the prisoners depend, possibly at the request of the Detaining Power. Such letters and
p.(None): cards must be conveyed by the most rapid method at the disposal of the Detaining Power; they
p.(None): may not be delayed or retained for
...
Health / Physically Disabled
Searching for indicator illness:
(return to top)
p.(None): personal laundry; the necessary installations, facilities and time shall be granted them for that
p.(None): purpose.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 30. Every camp shall have an adequate infirmary where prisoners of war may have the
p.(None): attention they require, as well as appropriate diet. Isolation wards shall, if necessary, be set
p.(None): aside for cases of contagious or mental disease.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war suffering from serious disease, or whose condition necessitates special
p.(None): treatment, a surgical operation or hospital care, must be admitted to any military or civilian
p.(None): medical unit where such treatment can be given, even if their repatriation is contemplated in the
p.(None): near future. Special facilities shall be afforded for the care to be given to the disabled, in
p.(None): particular to the blind, and for their. rehabilitation, pending repatriation.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall have the attention, preferably, of medical personnel of the Power on
p.(None): which they depend and, if possible, of their nationality.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war may not be prevented from presenting themselves to the medical authorities
p.(None): for examination. The detaining authorities shall, upon request, issue to every prisoner who has
p.(None): undergone treatment, an official certificate indicating the nature of his illness or injury, and the
p.(None): duration and kind of treatment received. A duplicate of this certificate shall be forwarded to the
p.(None): Central Prisoners of War Agency.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The costs of treatment, including those of any apparatus necessary for the maintenance of
p.(None): prisoners of war in good health, particularly dentures and other artificial appliances, and
p.(None): spectacles, shall be borne by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 31. Medical inspections of prisoners of war shall be held at least once a month. They shall
p.(None): include the checking and the recording of the weight of each prisoner of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Their purpose shall be, in particular, to supervise the general state of health, nutrition and
p.(None): cleanliness of prisoners and to detect contagious diseases, especially tuberculosis, malaria and
p.(None): venereal disease. For this purpose the most efficient methods available shall be employed, e.g.
p.(None): periodic mass miniature radiography for the early detection of tuberculosis.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 32. Prisoners of war who, though not attached to the medical service of their armed forces,
p.(None): are physicians, surgeons, dentists, nurses or medical orderlies, may be required by the
p.(None): Detaining Power to exercise their medical functions in the interests of prisoners of war
...
p.(None): undergone a long period of captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No sick or injured prisoner of war who is eligible for repatriation under the first paragraph of this
p.(None): Article, may be repatriated against his will during hostilities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 110. The following shall be repatriated direct:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Incurably wounded and sick whose mental or physical fitness seems to have been gravely
p.(None): diminished.
p.(None): (2) Wounded and sick who, according to medical opinion, are not likely to recover within one
p.(None): year, whose condition requires treatment and whose mental or physical fitness seems to have
p.(None): been gravely diminished.
p.(None): (3) Wounded and sick who have recovered, but whose mental or physical fitness seems to have
p.(None): been gravely and permanently diminished.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following may be accommodated in a neutral country:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Wounded and sick whose recovery may be expected within one year of the date of the
p.(None): wound or the beginning of the illness, if treatment in a neutral country might increase the
p.(None): prospects of a more certain and speedy recovery.
p.(None): (2) Prisoners of war whose mental or physical health, according to medical opinion, is seriously
p.(None): threatened by continued captivity, but whose accommodation in a neutral country might remove
p.(None): such a threat.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The conditions which prisoners of war accommodated in a neutral country must fulfil in order to
p.(None): permit their repatriation shall be fixed, as shall likewise their status, by agreement between the
p.(None): Powers concerned. In general, prisoners of war who have been accommodated in a neutral
p.(None): country, and who belong to the following categories, should be repatriated:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Those whose state of health has deteriorated so as to fulfil the condition laid down for direct
p.(None): repatriation;
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Those whose mental or physical powers remain, even after treatment, considerably
p.(None): impaired.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If no special agreements are concluded between the Parties to the conflict concerned, to
p.(None): determine the cases of disablement or sickness entailing direct repatriation or accommodation
p.(None): in a neutral country, such cases shall be settled in accordance with the principles laid down in
p.(None): the Model Agreement concerning direct repatriation and accommodation in neutral countries of
...
Searching for indicator physically:
(return to top)
p.(None): they are exposed to greater risks by remaining on the spot than by being transferred.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 48. In the event of transfer, prisoners of war shall be officially advised of their departure and
p.(None): of their new postal address. Such notifications shall be given in time for them to pack their
p.(None): luggage and inform their next of kin.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): They shall be allowed to take with them their personal effects, and the correspondence and
p.(None): parcels which have arrived for them. The weight of such baggage may be limited, if the
p.(None): conditions of transfer so require, to what each prisoner can reasonably carry, which shall in no
p.(None): case be more than twenty-five kilograms per head.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Mail and parcels addressed to their former camp shall be forwarded to them without delay. The
p.(None): camp commander shall take, in agreement with the prisoners' representative, any measures
p.(None): needed to ensure the transport of the prisoners' community property and of the luggage they are
p.(None): unable to take with them in consequence of restrictions imposed by virtue of the second
p.(None): paragraph of this Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The costs of transfers shall be borne by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section III. Labour of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 49. The Detaining Power may utilize the labour of prisoners of war who are physically fit,
p.(None): taking into account their age, sex, rank and physical aptitude, and with a view particularly to
p.(None): maintaining them in a good state of physical and mental health.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Non-commissioned officers who are prisoners of war shall only be required to do supervisory
p.(None): work. Those not so required may ask for other suitable work which shall, so far as possible, be
p.(None): found for them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If officers or persons of equivalent status ask for suitable work, it shall be found for them, so far
p.(None): as possible, but they may in no circumstances be compelled to work.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 50. Besides work connected with camp administration, installation or maintenance, prisoners
p.(None): of war may be compelled to do only such work as is included in the following classes:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) agriculture;
p.(None): (b) industries connected with the production or the extraction of raw materials, and
p.(None): manufacturing industries, with the exception of metallurgical, machinery and chemical
p.(None): industries; public works and building operations which have no military character or purpose;
p.(None): (c) transport and handling of stores which are not military in character or purpose;
p.(None): (d) commercial business, and arts and crafts;
p.(None): (e) domestic service;
p.(None): (f) public utility services having no military character or purpose.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
Health / Physically Ill
Searching for indicator sick:
(return to top)
p.(None): provisions thereof.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 3. In the case of armed conflict not of an international character occurring in the territory of
p.(None): one of the High Contracting Parties, each Party to the conflict shall be bound to apply, as a
p.(None): minimum, the following
p.(None): provisions:
p.(None): (1) Persons taking no active part in the hostilities, including members of armed forces who have
p.(None): laid down their arms and those placed hors de combat by sickness, wounds, detention, or any
p.(None): other cause, shall in all circumstances be treated humanely, without any adverse distinction
p.(None): founded on race, colour, religion or faith, sex, birth or wealth, or any other similar criteria. To this
p.(None): end the following acts are and shall remain prohibited at any time and in any place whatsoever
p.(None): with respect to the above-mentioned persons:
p.(None): (a) violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds, mutilation, cruel treatment and
p.(None): torture;
p.(None): (b) taking of hostages;
p.(None): (c) outrages upon personal dignity, in particular, humiliating and degrading treatment;
p.(None): (d) the passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgment
p.(None): pronounced by a regularly constituted court affording all the judicial guarantees which are
p.(None): recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples.
p.(None): (2) The wounded and sick shall be collected and cared for.
p.(None): An impartial humanitarian body, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, may
p.(None): offer its services to the Parties to the conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Parties to the conflict should further endeavour to bring into force, by means of special
p.(None): agreements, all or part of the other provisions of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The application of the preceding provisions shall not affect the legal status of the Parties to the
p.(None): conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 4. A. Prisoners of war, in the sense of the present Convention, are persons belonging to one
p.(None): of the following categories, who have fallen into the power of the enemy:
p.(None): (1) Members of the armed forces of a Party to the conflict, as well as members of militias or
p.(None): volunteer corps forming part of such armed forces.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Members of other militias and members of other volunteer corps, including those of
p.(None): organized resistance movements, belonging to a Party to the conflict and operating in or outside
p.(None): their own territory, even if this territory is occupied, provided that such militias or volunteer corps,
p.(None): including such organized resistance movements, fulfil the following conditions:
p.(None): (a) that of being commanded by a person responsible for his subordinates;
...
p.(None): ministration to prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): They shall continue to exercise their medical and spiritual functions for the benefit of prisoners
p.(None): of war, preferably those belonging to the armed forces upon which they depend, within the
p.(None): scope of the military laws and regulations of the Detaining Power and under the control of its
p.(None): competent services, in accordance with their professional etiquette. They shall also benefit by
p.(None): the following facilities in the exercise of their medical
p.(None): or spiritual functions:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) They shall be authorized to visit periodically prisoners of war situated in working
p.(None): detachments or in hospitals outside the camp. For this purpose, the Detaining Power shall place
p.(None): at their disposal the necessary means of transport.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) The senior medical officer in each camp shall be responsible to the camp military authorities
p.(None): for everything connected with the activities of retained medical personnel. For this purpose,
p.(None): Parties to the conflict shall agree at the outbreak of hostilities on the subject of the
p.(None): corresponding ranks of the medical personnel, including that of societies mentioned in Article 26
p.(None): of the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in
p.(None): ArmedXForces in the Field of August 12, 1949. This senior medical officer, as well as chaplains,
p.(None): shall have the right to deal with the competent authorities of the camp on all questions relating
p.(None): to their duties. Such authorities shall afford them all necessary facilities for correspondence
p.(None): relating to these questions.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) Although they shall be subject to the internal discipline of the camp in which they are
p.(None): retained, such personnel may not be compelled to carry out any work other than that concerned
p.(None): with their medical or religious duties.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): During hostilities, the Parties to the conflict shall agree concerning the possible relief of retained
p.(None): personnel and shall settle the procedure to be followed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): None of the preceding provisions shall relieve the Detaining Power of its obligations with regard
p.(None): to prisoners of war from the medical or spiritual point of view.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter V. Religious, Intellectual and Physical Activities
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 34. Prisoners of war shall enjoy complete latitude in the exercise of their religious duties,
p.(None): including attendance at the service of their faith, on condition that they comply with the
...
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter VIII. Transfer of Prisoners of War after their Arrival in Camp
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 46. The Detaining Power, when deciding upon the transfer of prisoners of war, shall take into
p.(None): account the interests of the prisoners themselves, more especially so as not to increase the
p.(None): difficulty of their repatriation.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The transfer of prisoners of war shall always be effected humanely and in conditions not less
p.(None): favourable than those under which the forces of the Detaining Power are transferred. Account
p.(None): shall always be taken of the climatic conditions to which the prisoners of war are accustomed
p.(None): and the conditions of transfer shall in no case be prejudicial to their health.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power shall supply prisoners of war during transfer with sufficient food and
p.(None): drinking water to keep them in good health, likewise with the necessary clothing, shelter and
p.(None): medical attention. The Detaining Power shall take adequate precautions especially in case of
p.(None): transport by sea or by air, to ensure their safety during transfer, and shall draw up a complete
p.(None): list of all transferred prisoners before their departure.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 47. Sick or wounded prisoners of war shall not be transferred as long as their recovery may
p.(None): be endangered by the journey, unless their safety imperatively demands it.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If the combat zone draws closer to a camp, the prisoners of war in the said camp shall not be
p.(None): transferred unless their transfer can be carried out in adequate conditions of safety, or unless
p.(None): they are exposed to greater risks by remaining on the spot than by being transferred.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 48. In the event of transfer, prisoners of war shall be officially advised of their departure and
p.(None): of their new postal address. Such notifications shall be given in time for them to pack their
p.(None): luggage and inform their next of kin.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): They shall be allowed to take with them their personal effects, and the correspondence and
p.(None): parcels which have arrived for them. The weight of such baggage may be limited, if the
p.(None): conditions of transfer so require, to what each prisoner can reasonably carry, which shall in no
p.(None): case be more than twenty-five kilograms per head.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Mail and parcels addressed to their former camp shall be forwarded to them without delay. The
p.(None): camp commander shall take, in agreement with the prisoners' representative, any measures
p.(None): needed to ensure the transport of the prisoners' community property and of the luggage they are
p.(None): unable to take with them in consequence of restrictions imposed by virtue of the second
...
p.(None): enforceable, shall be served in the same establishments and under the same conditions as in
p.(None): the case of members of the armed forces of the Detaining Power. These conditions shall in all
p.(None): cases conform to the requirements of health and humanity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A woman prisoner of war on whom such a sentence has been pronounced shall be confined in
p.(None): separate quarters and shall be under the supervision of women.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In any case, prisoners of war sentenced to a penalty depriving them of their liberty shall retain
p.(None): the benefit of the provisions of Articles 78 and 126 of the present Convention. Furthermore, they
p.(None): shall be entitled to receive and despatch correspondence, to receive at least one relief parcel
p.(None): monthly, to take regular exercise in the open air, to have the medical care required by their state
p.(None): of health, and the spiritual assistance they may desire. Penalties to which they may be
p.(None): subjected shall be in accordance with the provisions of Article 87, third paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part IV. Termination of Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section I. Direct Repatriation and Accommodation in Neutral Countries
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 109. Subject to the provisions of the third paragraph of this Article, Parties to the conflict are
p.(None): bound to send back to their own country, regardless of number or rank, seriously wounded and
p.(None): seriously sick prisoners of war, after having cared for them until they are fit to travel, in
p.(None): accordance with the first paragraph of the following Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Throughout the duration of hostilities, Parties to the conflict shall endeavour, with the
p.(None): cooperation of the neutral Powers concerned, to make arrangements for the accommodation in
p.(None): neutral countries of the sick and wounded prisoners of war referred to in the second paragraph
p.(None): of the following Article. They may, in addition, conclude agreements with a view to the direct
p.(None): repatriation or internment in a neutral country of able-bodied prisoners of war who have
p.(None): undergone a long period of captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No sick or injured prisoner of war who is eligible for repatriation under the first paragraph of this
p.(None): Article, may be repatriated against his will during hostilities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 110. The following shall be repatriated direct:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Incurably wounded and sick whose mental or physical fitness seems to have been gravely
p.(None): diminished.
p.(None): (2) Wounded and sick who, according to medical opinion, are not likely to recover within one
p.(None): year, whose condition requires treatment and whose mental or physical fitness seems to have
p.(None): been gravely diminished.
p.(None): (3) Wounded and sick who have recovered, but whose mental or physical fitness seems to have
p.(None): been gravely and permanently diminished.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following may be accommodated in a neutral country:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Wounded and sick whose recovery may be expected within one year of the date of the
p.(None): wound or the beginning of the illness, if treatment in a neutral country might increase the
p.(None): prospects of a more certain and speedy recovery.
p.(None): (2) Prisoners of war whose mental or physical health, according to medical opinion, is seriously
p.(None): threatened by continued captivity, but whose accommodation in a neutral country might remove
p.(None): such a threat.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The conditions which prisoners of war accommodated in a neutral country must fulfil in order to
p.(None): permit their repatriation shall be fixed, as shall likewise their status, by agreement between the
p.(None): Powers concerned. In general, prisoners of war who have been accommodated in a neutral
p.(None): country, and who belong to the following categories, should be repatriated:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Those whose state of health has deteriorated so as to fulfil the condition laid down for direct
p.(None): repatriation;
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Those whose mental or physical powers remain, even after treatment, considerably
p.(None): impaired.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If no special agreements are concluded between the Parties to the conflict concerned, to
p.(None): determine the cases of disablement or sickness entailing direct repatriation or accommodation
p.(None): in a neutral country, such cases shall be settled in accordance with the principles laid down in
p.(None): the Model Agreement concerning direct repatriation and accommodation in neutral countries of
p.(None): wounded and sick prisoners of war and in the Regulations concerning Mixed Medical
p.(None): Commissions annexed to the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 111. The Detaining Power, the Power on which the prisoners of war depend, and a neutral
p.(None): Power agreed upon by these two Powers, shall endeavour to conclude agreements which will
p.(None): enable prisoners of war to be interned in the territory of the said neutral Power until the close of
p.(None): hostilities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 112. Upon the outbreak of hostilities, Mixed Medical Commissions shall be appointed to
p.(None): examine sick and wounded prisoners of war, and to make all appropriate decisions regarding
p.(None): them. The appointment, duties and functioning of these Commissions shall be in conformity with
p.(None): the provisions of the Regulations annexed to the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): However, prisoners of war who, in the opinion of the medical authorities of the Detaining Power,
p.(None): are manifestly seriously injured or seriously sick, may be repatriated without having to be
p.(None): examined by a Mixed Medical Commission.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 113. Besides those who are designated by the medical authorities of the Detaining Power,
p.(None): wounded or sick prisoners of war belonging to the categories listed below shall be entitled to
p.(None): present themselves for examination by the Mixed Medical Commissions provided for in the
p.(None): foregoing Article:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Wounded and sick proposed by a physician or surgeon who is of the same nationality, or a
p.(None): national of a Party to the conflict allied with the Power on which the said prisoners depend, and
p.(None): who exercises his functions in the camp.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Wounded and sick proposed by their prisoners' representative.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Wounded and sick proposed by the Power on which they depend, or by an organization duly
p.(None): recognized by the said Power and giving assistance to the prisoners.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who do not belong to one of the three foregoing categories may nevertheless
p.(None): present themselves for examination by Mixed Medical Commissions, but shall be examined only
p.(None): after those belonging to the said categories.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The physician or surgeon of the same nationality as the prisoners who present themselves for
p.(None): examination by the Mixed Medical Commission, likewise the prisoners' representative of the
p.(None): said prisoners, shall have permission to be present at the examination.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 114. Prisoners of war who meet with accidents shall, unless the injury is self-inflicted, have
p.(None): the benefit of the provisions of this Convention as regards repatriation or accommodation in a
p.(None): neutral country.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 115. No prisoner of war on whom a disciplinary punishment has been imposed and who is
p.(None): eligible for repatriation or for accommodation in a neutral country, may be kept back on the plea
p.(None): that he has not undergone his punishment.
...
p.(None): Swiss Federal Council. However, a denunciation of which notification has been made at a time
p.(None): when the denouncing Power is involved in a conflict shall not take effect until peace has been
p.(None): concluded, and until after operations connected with release and repatriation of the persons
p.(None): protected by the present Convention have been terminated.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The denunciation shall have effect only in respect of the denouncing Power. It shall in no way
p.(None): impair the obligations which the Parties to the conflict shall remain bound to fulfil by virtue of the
p.(None): principles of the law of nations, as they result from the usages established among civilized
p.(None): peoples, from the laws of humanity and the dictates of the public conscience.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 143. The Swiss Federal Council shall register the present Convention with the Secretariat of
p.(None): the United Nations. The Swiss Federal Council shall also inform the Secretariat of the United
p.(None): Nations of all ratifications, accessions and denunciations received by it with respect to the
p.(None): present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, having deposited their respective full powers, have
p.(None): signed the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): DONE at Geneva this twelfth day of August 1949, in the English and French languages. The
p.(None): original shall be deposited in the Archives of the Swiss Confederation. The Swiss Federal
p.(None): Council shall transmit certified copies thereof to each of the signatory and acceding States.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Annex I. Model Agreement Concerning Direct Repatriation and Accommodation in Neutral
p.(None): Countries of Wounded and Sick Prisoners of War.(see Art 110.)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): I. Principles for Direct Repatriation and Accommodation in Neutral Countries
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A. DIRECT REPATRIATION
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following shall be repatriated direct:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) All prisoners of war suffering from the following disabilities as the result of trauma: loss of a
p.(None): limb, paralysis, articular or other disabilities, when this disability is at least the loss of a hand or
p.(None): a foot, or the equivalent of the loss of a hand or a foot.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Without prejudice to a more generous interpretation, the following shall be considered as
p.(None): equivalent to the loss of a hand or a foot:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) Loss of a hand or of all the fingers, or of the thumb and forefinger of one hand; loss of a foot,
p.(None): or of all the toes and metatarsals of one foot.
p.(None): (b) Ankylosis, loss of osseous tissue, cicatricial contracture preventing the functioning of one of
p.(None): the large articulations or of all the digital joints of one hand.
p.(None): (c) Pseudarthrosis of the long bones.
p.(None): (d) Deformities due to fracture or other injury which seriously interfere with function and weight-
p.(None): bearing power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) All wounded prisoners of war whose condition has become chronic, to the extent that
p.(None): prognosis appears to exclude recovery--in spite of treatment--within one year from the date of
p.(None): the injury, as, for example, in case of:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) Projectile in the heart, even if the Mixed Medical Commission should fail, at the time of their
p.(None): examination, to detect any serious disorders.
p.(None): (b) Metallic splinter in the brain or the lungs, even if the Mixed Medical Commission cannot, at
p.(None): the time of examination, detect any local or general reaction.
p.(None): (c) Osteomyelitis, when recovery cannot be foreseen in the course of the year following the
p.(None): injury, and which seems likely to result in ankylosis of a joint, or other impairments equivalent to
p.(None): the loss of a hand or a foot.
p.(None): (d) Perforating and suppurating injury to the large joints.
p.(None): (e) Injury to the skull, with loss or shifting of bony tissue.
p.(None): (f) Injury or burning of the face with loss of tissue and functional lesions.
p.(None): (g) Injury to the spinal cord.
p.(None): (h) Lesion of the peripheral nerves, the sequelae of which are equivalent to the loss of a hand or
p.(None): foot, and the cure of which requires more than a year from the date of injury, for.example: injury
p.(None): to the brachial or lumbosacral plexus median or sciatic nerves, likewise combined injury to the
p.(None): radial and cubital nerves or to the lateral popliteal nerve (N. peroneous communis) and medial
p.(None): popliteal nerve (N. tibialis); etc. The separate injury of the radial (musculo-spiral), cubital, lateral
p.(None): or medial popliteal nerves shall not, however, warrant repatriation except in case of contractures
p.(None): or of serious neurotrophic disturbance.
p.(None): (i) Injury to the urinary system, with incapacitating results.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) All sick prisoners of war whose condition has become chronic to the extent that prognosis
p.(None): seems to exclude recovery--in, spite of treatment-- within one year from the inception of the
p.(None): disease, as, for example, in
p.(None): case of:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) Progressive tuberculosis of any organ which, according to medical prognosis, cannot be
p.(None): cured or at least considerably improved by treatment in a neutral country.
p.(None): (b) Exudate pleurisy.
p.(None): (c) Serious diseases of the respiratory organs of non-tubercular etiology, presumed incurable,
p.(None): for example: serious pulmonary emphysema, with or without bronchitis; chronic asthma *;
p.(None): chronic bronchitis * lasting more than one year in captivity; bronchiectasis *; etc.
p.(None): (d) Serious chronic affections of the circulatory system, for example: valvular lesions and
p.(None): myocarditis *, which have shown signs of circulatory failure during captivity, even though the
p.(None): Mixed Medical Commission cannot detect any such signs at the time of examination; affections
p.(None): of the pericardium and the vessels (Buerger's disease, aneurisms of the large vessels); etc.
p.(None): (e) Serious chronic affections of the digestive organs, for example: gastric or duodenal ulcer;
p.(None): sequelae of gastric operations performed in captivity; chronic gastritis, enteritis or colitis, having
p.(None): lasted more than one year and seriously affecting the general condition; cirrhosis of the liver;
p.(None): chronic cholecystopathy *; etc.
p.(None): (f) Serious chronic affections of the genito-urinary organs, for example: chronic diseases of the
p.(None): kidney with consequent disorders; nephrectomy because of a tubercular kidney; chronic pyelitis
p.(None): or chronic cystitis; hydronephrosis or pyonephrosis; chronic grave gynaecological conditions;
...
Health / Pregnant
Searching for indicator pregnant:
(return to top)
p.(None): treatment in a neutral country would be likely to lead to recovery or at least to considerable
p.(None): improvement, with the exception of primary tuberculosis cured before captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Prisoners of war suffering from affections requiring treatment of the respiratory, circulatory,
p.(None): digestive, nervous, sensory, genito-urinary, cutaneous, locomotive organs, etc., if such
p.(None): treatment would clearly have better results in a neutral country than in captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (4) Prisoners of war who have undergone a nephrectomy in captivity for a non-tubercular renal
p.(None): affection; cases of osteomyelitis, on the way to recovery or latent; diabetes mellitus not requiring
p.(None): insulin treatment; etc.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (5) Prisoners of war suffering from war or captivity neuroses. Cases of captivity neurosis which
p.(None): are not cured after three months of accommodation in a neutral country, or which after that
p.(None): length of time are not clearly on the way to complete cure, shall be repatriated.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (6) All prisoners of war suffering from chronic intoxication (gases, metals, alkaloids, etc.), for
p.(None): whom the prospects of cure in a neutral country are especially favourable.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (7) All women prisoners of war who are pregnant or mothers with infants and small children.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following cases shall not be eligible for accommodation in a neutral country:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) All duly verified chronic psychoses.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) All organic or functional nervous affections considered to be incurable.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) All contagious diseases during the period in which they are transmissible, with the exception
p.(None): of tuberculosis.
p.(None): II. General Observations
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) The conditions given shall, in a general way, be interpreted and applied in as broad a spirit
p.(None): as possible. Neuropathic and psychopathic conditions caused by war or captivity, as well as
p.(None): cases of tuberculosis in all stages, shall above all benefit by such liberal interpretation. Prisoners
p.(None): of war who have sustained several wounds, none of which, considered by itself, justifies
p.(None): repatriation, shall be examined in the same spirit, with due regard for the psychic traumatism
p.(None): due to the number of their wounds.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) All unquestionable cases giving the right to direct repatriation (amputation, total blindness or
p.(None): deafness, open pulmonary tuberculosis, mental disorder, malignant growth, etc.) shall be
p.(None): examined and repatriated as soon as possible by the camp physicians or by military medical
p.(None): commissions appointed by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Injuries and diseases which existed before the war and which have not become worse, as
...
Health / alcoholism
Searching for indicator alcoholism:
(return to top)
p.(None): normal pregnancy and obstetrical disorder, where it is impossible to accommodate in a neutral
p.(None): country; etc.
p.(None): (g) Serious chronic diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system, for example: all
p.(None): obvious psychoses and psychoneuroses, such as serious hysteria, serious captivity
p.(None): psychoneurosis, etc., duly verified by a specialist *; any epilepsy duly verified by the camp
p.(None): physician *; cerebral arteriosclerosis; chronic neuritis lasting more than one year; etc.
p.(None): (h) Serious chronic diseases of the neuro-vegetative system, with considerable diminution of
p.(None): mental or physical fitness, noticeable loss of weight and general asthenia.
p.(None): (i) Blindness of both eyes, or of one eye when the vision of the other is less than 1 in spite of the
p.(None): use of corrective glasses; diminution of visual acuity in cases where it is impossible to restore it
p.(None): by correction to an acuity of 1/2 in at least one eye *; other grave ocular affections, for example:
p.(None): glaucoma, iritis, choroiditis; trachoma; etc.
p.(None): (k) Auditive disorders, such as total unilateral deafness, if the other ear does not discern the
p.(None): ordinary spoken word at a distance of one metre *; etc.
p.(None): (l) Serious affections of metabolism, for example: diabetes mellitus requiring insulin treatment;
p.(None): etc.
p.(None): (m) Serious disorders of the endocrine glands, for example: thyrotoxicosis; hypothyrosis;
p.(None): Addison's disease; Simmonds' cachexia; tetany; etc.
p.(None): (n) Grave and chronic disorders of the blood-forming organs.
p.(None): (o) Serious cases of chronic intoxication, for example: lead poisoning, mercury poisoning,
p.(None): morphinism, cocainism, alcoholism; gas or radiation poisoning; etc.
p.(None): (p) Chronic affections of locomotion, with obvious functional disorders, for example: arthritis
p.(None): deformans; primary and secondary progressive chronic polyarthritis; rheumatism with serious
p.(None): clinical symptoms; etc.
p.(None): (q) Serious chronic skin diseases, not amenable to treatment.
p.(None): (r) Any malignant growth.
p.(None): (s) Serious chronic infectious diseases, persisting for one year after their inception, for example:
p.(None): malaria with decided organic impairment, amoebic or bacillary dysentery with grave disorders;
p.(None): tertiary visceral syphilis resistant to treatment; leprosy; etc.
p.(None): (t) Serious avitaminosis or serious inanition.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): [NOTE] * The decision of the Mixed Medical Commission shall be based to a great extent on the
p.(None): records kept by camp physicians and surgeons of the same nationality as the prisoners of war,
p.(None): or on an examination by medical specialists of the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): B. ACCOMMODATION IN NEUTRAL COUNTRIES
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following shall be eligible for accommodation in a neutral country:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) All wounded prisoners of war who are not likely to recover in captivity, but who might be
p.(None): cured or whose condition might be considerably improved by accommodation in a neutral
p.(None): country.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Prisoners of war suffering from any form of tuberculosis, of whatever organ, and whose
p.(None): treatment in a neutral country would be likely to lead to recovery or at least to considerable
...
Health / ill
Searching for indicator ill:
(return to top)
p.(None): enemy person belonging to one of the categories referred to in Article 4, who has fallen into its
p.(None): power. Neutral or non-belligerent Powers shall take the same action with regard to persons
p.(None): belonging to such categories whom they have received within their territory.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Bureau shall immediately forward such information by the most rapid means to the Powers
p.(None): concerned, through the intermediary of the Protecting Powers and likewise of the Central
p.(None): Agency provided for in Article 123.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): This information shall make it possible quickly to advise the next of kin concerned. Subject to
p.(None): the provisions of Article 17, the information shall include, in so far as available to the Information
p.(None): Bureau, in respect of each prisoner of war, his surname, first names, rank, army, regimental,
p.(None): personal or serial number, place and full date of birth, indication of the Power on which he
p.(None): depends, first name of the father and maiden name of the mother, name and address of the
p.(None): person to be informed and the address to which correspondence for the prisoner may be sent.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Information Bureau shall receive from the various departments concerned information
p.(None): regarding transfers, releases, repatriations, escapes, admissions to hospital, and deaths, and
p.(None): shall transmit such information in the manner described in the third paragraph above.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Likewise, information regarding the state of health of prisoners of war who are seriously ill or
p.(None): seriously wounded shall be supplied regularly, every week if possible.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Information Bureau shall also be responsible for replying to all enquiries sent to it
p.(None): concerning prisoners of war, including those who have died in captivity; it will make any
p.(None): enquiries necessary to obtain the information which is asked for if this is not in its possession.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): All written communications made by the Bureau shall be authenticated by a signature or a seal.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Information Bureau shall furthermore be charged with collecting all personal valuables,
p.(None): including sums in currencies other than that of the Detaining Power and documents of
p.(None): importance to the next of kin, left by prisoners of war who have been repatriated or released, or
p.(None): who have escaped or died, and shall forward the said valuables to the Powers concerned. Such
p.(None): articles shall be sent by the Bureau in sealed packets which shall be accompanied by
p.(None): statements giving clear and full particulars of the identity of the person to whom the articles
p.(None): belonged, and by a complete list of the contents of the parcel. Other personal effects of such
p.(None): prisoners of war shall be transmitted under arrangements agreed upon between the Parties to
p.(None): the conflict concerned.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 123. A Central Prisoners of War Information Agency shall be created in a neutral country.
p.(None): The International Committee of the Red Cross shall, if it deems necessary, propose to the
p.(None): Powers concerned the organization of such an Agency.
p.(None):
...
Health / injured
Searching for indicator injured:
(return to top)
p.(None): monthly, to take regular exercise in the open air, to have the medical care required by their state
p.(None): of health, and the spiritual assistance they may desire. Penalties to which they may be
p.(None): subjected shall be in accordance with the provisions of Article 87, third paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part IV. Termination of Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section I. Direct Repatriation and Accommodation in Neutral Countries
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 109. Subject to the provisions of the third paragraph of this Article, Parties to the conflict are
p.(None): bound to send back to their own country, regardless of number or rank, seriously wounded and
p.(None): seriously sick prisoners of war, after having cared for them until they are fit to travel, in
p.(None): accordance with the first paragraph of the following Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Throughout the duration of hostilities, Parties to the conflict shall endeavour, with the
p.(None): cooperation of the neutral Powers concerned, to make arrangements for the accommodation in
p.(None): neutral countries of the sick and wounded prisoners of war referred to in the second paragraph
p.(None): of the following Article. They may, in addition, conclude agreements with a view to the direct
p.(None): repatriation or internment in a neutral country of able-bodied prisoners of war who have
p.(None): undergone a long period of captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No sick or injured prisoner of war who is eligible for repatriation under the first paragraph of this
p.(None): Article, may be repatriated against his will during hostilities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 110. The following shall be repatriated direct:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Incurably wounded and sick whose mental or physical fitness seems to have been gravely
p.(None): diminished.
p.(None): (2) Wounded and sick who, according to medical opinion, are not likely to recover within one
p.(None): year, whose condition requires treatment and whose mental or physical fitness seems to have
p.(None): been gravely diminished.
p.(None): (3) Wounded and sick who have recovered, but whose mental or physical fitness seems to have
p.(None): been gravely and permanently diminished.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following may be accommodated in a neutral country:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Wounded and sick whose recovery may be expected within one year of the date of the
p.(None): wound or the beginning of the illness, if treatment in a neutral country might increase the
p.(None): prospects of a more certain and speedy recovery.
p.(None): (2) Prisoners of war whose mental or physical health, according to medical opinion, is seriously
...
p.(None): determine the cases of disablement or sickness entailing direct repatriation or accommodation
p.(None): in a neutral country, such cases shall be settled in accordance with the principles laid down in
p.(None): the Model Agreement concerning direct repatriation and accommodation in neutral countries of
p.(None): wounded and sick prisoners of war and in the Regulations concerning Mixed Medical
p.(None): Commissions annexed to the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 111. The Detaining Power, the Power on which the prisoners of war depend, and a neutral
p.(None): Power agreed upon by these two Powers, shall endeavour to conclude agreements which will
p.(None): enable prisoners of war to be interned in the territory of the said neutral Power until the close of
p.(None): hostilities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 112. Upon the outbreak of hostilities, Mixed Medical Commissions shall be appointed to
p.(None): examine sick and wounded prisoners of war, and to make all appropriate decisions regarding
p.(None): them. The appointment, duties and functioning of these Commissions shall be in conformity with
p.(None): the provisions of the Regulations annexed to the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): However, prisoners of war who, in the opinion of the medical authorities of the Detaining Power,
p.(None): are manifestly seriously injured or seriously sick, may be repatriated without having to be
p.(None): examined by a Mixed Medical Commission.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 113. Besides those who are designated by the medical authorities of the Detaining Power,
p.(None): wounded or sick prisoners of war belonging to the categories listed below shall be entitled to
p.(None): present themselves for examination by the Mixed Medical Commissions provided for in the
p.(None): foregoing Article:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Wounded and sick proposed by a physician or surgeon who is of the same nationality, or a
p.(None): national of a Party to the conflict allied with the Power on which the said prisoners depend, and
p.(None): who exercises his functions in the camp.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Wounded and sick proposed by their prisoners' representative.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Wounded and sick proposed by the Power on which they depend, or by an organization duly
p.(None): recognized by the said Power and giving assistance to the prisoners.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who do not belong to one of the three foregoing categories may nevertheless
p.(None): present themselves for examination by Mixed Medical Commissions, but shall be examined only
...
Health / sensory impairment
Searching for indicator sensory:
(return to top)
p.(None): (r) Any malignant growth.
p.(None): (s) Serious chronic infectious diseases, persisting for one year after their inception, for example:
p.(None): malaria with decided organic impairment, amoebic or bacillary dysentery with grave disorders;
p.(None): tertiary visceral syphilis resistant to treatment; leprosy; etc.
p.(None): (t) Serious avitaminosis or serious inanition.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): [NOTE] * The decision of the Mixed Medical Commission shall be based to a great extent on the
p.(None): records kept by camp physicians and surgeons of the same nationality as the prisoners of war,
p.(None): or on an examination by medical specialists of the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): B. ACCOMMODATION IN NEUTRAL COUNTRIES
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following shall be eligible for accommodation in a neutral country:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) All wounded prisoners of war who are not likely to recover in captivity, but who might be
p.(None): cured or whose condition might be considerably improved by accommodation in a neutral
p.(None): country.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Prisoners of war suffering from any form of tuberculosis, of whatever organ, and whose
p.(None): treatment in a neutral country would be likely to lead to recovery or at least to considerable
p.(None): improvement, with the exception of primary tuberculosis cured before captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Prisoners of war suffering from affections requiring treatment of the respiratory, circulatory,
p.(None): digestive, nervous, sensory, genito-urinary, cutaneous, locomotive organs, etc., if such
p.(None): treatment would clearly have better results in a neutral country than in captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (4) Prisoners of war who have undergone a nephrectomy in captivity for a non-tubercular renal
p.(None): affection; cases of osteomyelitis, on the way to recovery or latent; diabetes mellitus not requiring
p.(None): insulin treatment; etc.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (5) Prisoners of war suffering from war or captivity neuroses. Cases of captivity neurosis which
p.(None): are not cured after three months of accommodation in a neutral country, or which after that
p.(None): length of time are not clearly on the way to complete cure, shall be repatriated.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (6) All prisoners of war suffering from chronic intoxication (gases, metals, alkaloids, etc.), for
p.(None): whom the prospects of cure in a neutral country are especially favourable.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (7) All women prisoners of war who are pregnant or mothers with infants and small children.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following cases shall not be eligible for accommodation in a neutral country:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) All duly verified chronic psychoses.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) All organic or functional nervous affections considered to be incurable.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
Health / visual impairment
Searching for indicator blind:
(return to top)
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall have for their use, day and night, conveniences which conform to the
p.(None): rules of hygiene and are maintained in a constant state of cleanliness. In any camps in which
p.(None): women prisoners of war are accommodated, separate conveniences shall be provided for them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Also, apart from the baths and showers with which the camps shall be furnished prisoners of
p.(None): war shall be provided with sufficient water and soap for their personal toilet and for washing their
p.(None): personal laundry; the necessary installations, facilities and time shall be granted them for that
p.(None): purpose.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 30. Every camp shall have an adequate infirmary where prisoners of war may have the
p.(None): attention they require, as well as appropriate diet. Isolation wards shall, if necessary, be set
p.(None): aside for cases of contagious or mental disease.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war suffering from serious disease, or whose condition necessitates special
p.(None): treatment, a surgical operation or hospital care, must be admitted to any military or civilian
p.(None): medical unit where such treatment can be given, even if their repatriation is contemplated in the
p.(None): near future. Special facilities shall be afforded for the care to be given to the disabled, in
p.(None): particular to the blind, and for their. rehabilitation, pending repatriation.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall have the attention, preferably, of medical personnel of the Power on
p.(None): which they depend and, if possible, of their nationality.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war may not be prevented from presenting themselves to the medical authorities
p.(None): for examination. The detaining authorities shall, upon request, issue to every prisoner who has
p.(None): undergone treatment, an official certificate indicating the nature of his illness or injury, and the
p.(None): duration and kind of treatment received. A duplicate of this certificate shall be forwarded to the
p.(None): Central Prisoners of War Agency.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The costs of treatment, including those of any apparatus necessary for the maintenance of
p.(None): prisoners of war in good health, particularly dentures and other artificial appliances, and
p.(None): spectacles, shall be borne by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 31. Medical inspections of prisoners of war shall be held at least once a month. They shall
p.(None): include the checking and the recording of the weight of each prisoner of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Their purpose shall be, in particular, to supervise the general state of health, nutrition and
p.(None): cleanliness of prisoners and to detect contagious diseases, especially tuberculosis, malaria and
...
Searching for indicator blindness:
(return to top)
p.(None): (d) Serious chronic affections of the circulatory system, for example: valvular lesions and
p.(None): myocarditis *, which have shown signs of circulatory failure during captivity, even though the
p.(None): Mixed Medical Commission cannot detect any such signs at the time of examination; affections
p.(None): of the pericardium and the vessels (Buerger's disease, aneurisms of the large vessels); etc.
p.(None): (e) Serious chronic affections of the digestive organs, for example: gastric or duodenal ulcer;
p.(None): sequelae of gastric operations performed in captivity; chronic gastritis, enteritis or colitis, having
p.(None): lasted more than one year and seriously affecting the general condition; cirrhosis of the liver;
p.(None): chronic cholecystopathy *; etc.
p.(None): (f) Serious chronic affections of the genito-urinary organs, for example: chronic diseases of the
p.(None): kidney with consequent disorders; nephrectomy because of a tubercular kidney; chronic pyelitis
p.(None): or chronic cystitis; hydronephrosis or pyonephrosis; chronic grave gynaecological conditions;
p.(None): normal pregnancy and obstetrical disorder, where it is impossible to accommodate in a neutral
p.(None): country; etc.
p.(None): (g) Serious chronic diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system, for example: all
p.(None): obvious psychoses and psychoneuroses, such as serious hysteria, serious captivity
p.(None): psychoneurosis, etc., duly verified by a specialist *; any epilepsy duly verified by the camp
p.(None): physician *; cerebral arteriosclerosis; chronic neuritis lasting more than one year; etc.
p.(None): (h) Serious chronic diseases of the neuro-vegetative system, with considerable diminution of
p.(None): mental or physical fitness, noticeable loss of weight and general asthenia.
p.(None): (i) Blindness of both eyes, or of one eye when the vision of the other is less than 1 in spite of the
p.(None): use of corrective glasses; diminution of visual acuity in cases where it is impossible to restore it
p.(None): by correction to an acuity of 1/2 in at least one eye *; other grave ocular affections, for example:
p.(None): glaucoma, iritis, choroiditis; trachoma; etc.
p.(None): (k) Auditive disorders, such as total unilateral deafness, if the other ear does not discern the
p.(None): ordinary spoken word at a distance of one metre *; etc.
p.(None): (l) Serious affections of metabolism, for example: diabetes mellitus requiring insulin treatment;
p.(None): etc.
p.(None): (m) Serious disorders of the endocrine glands, for example: thyrotoxicosis; hypothyrosis;
p.(None): Addison's disease; Simmonds' cachexia; tetany; etc.
p.(None): (n) Grave and chronic disorders of the blood-forming organs.
p.(None): (o) Serious cases of chronic intoxication, for example: lead poisoning, mercury poisoning,
p.(None): morphinism, cocainism, alcoholism; gas or radiation poisoning; etc.
p.(None): (p) Chronic affections of locomotion, with obvious functional disorders, for example: arthritis
p.(None): deformans; primary and secondary progressive chronic polyarthritis; rheumatism with serious
p.(None): clinical symptoms; etc.
p.(None): (q) Serious chronic skin diseases, not amenable to treatment.
p.(None): (r) Any malignant growth.
p.(None): (s) Serious chronic infectious diseases, persisting for one year after their inception, for example:
p.(None): malaria with decided organic impairment, amoebic or bacillary dysentery with grave disorders;
p.(None): tertiary visceral syphilis resistant to treatment; leprosy; etc.
p.(None): (t) Serious avitaminosis or serious inanition.
...
p.(None): whom the prospects of cure in a neutral country are especially favourable.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (7) All women prisoners of war who are pregnant or mothers with infants and small children.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following cases shall not be eligible for accommodation in a neutral country:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) All duly verified chronic psychoses.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) All organic or functional nervous affections considered to be incurable.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) All contagious diseases during the period in which they are transmissible, with the exception
p.(None): of tuberculosis.
p.(None): II. General Observations
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) The conditions given shall, in a general way, be interpreted and applied in as broad a spirit
p.(None): as possible. Neuropathic and psychopathic conditions caused by war or captivity, as well as
p.(None): cases of tuberculosis in all stages, shall above all benefit by such liberal interpretation. Prisoners
p.(None): of war who have sustained several wounds, none of which, considered by itself, justifies
p.(None): repatriation, shall be examined in the same spirit, with due regard for the psychic traumatism
p.(None): due to the number of their wounds.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) All unquestionable cases giving the right to direct repatriation (amputation, total blindness or
p.(None): deafness, open pulmonary tuberculosis, mental disorder, malignant growth, etc.) shall be
p.(None): examined and repatriated as soon as possible by the camp physicians or by military medical
p.(None): commissions appointed by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Injuries and diseases which existed before the war and which have not become worse, as
p.(None): well as war injuries which have not prevented subsequent military service, shall not entitle to
p.(None): direct repatriation.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (4) The provisions of this Annex shall be interpreted and applied in a similar manner in all
p.(None): countries party to the conflict. The Powers and authorities concerned shall grant to Mixed
p.(None): Medical Commissions all the facilities necessary for the accomplishment of their task.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (5) The examples quoted under (1) above represent only typical cases. Cases which do not
p.(None): correspond exactly to these provisions shall be judged in the spirit of the provisions of Article
p.(None): 110 of the present Convention, and of the principles embodied in the present Agreement.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Annex II. Regulations Concerning Mixed Medical Commissions (see Art 112.)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 1. The Mixed Medical Commissions provided for in Article 112 of the Convention shall be
p.(None): composed of three members, two of whom shall belong to a neutral country, the third being
p.(None): appointed by the Detaining Power. One of the neutral members shall take the chair.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 2. The two neutral members shall be appointed by the International Committee of the Red
...
Social / Access to Social Goods
Searching for indicator access:
(return to top)
p.(None): commissioned officer belonging to the regular armed forces of the Detaining Power. Such officer
p.(None): shall have in his possession a copy of the present Convention; he shall ensure that its
p.(None): provisions are known to the camp staff and the guard and shall be responsible, under the
p.(None): direction of his government, for its application.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war, with the exception of officers, must salute and show to all officers of the
p.(None): Detaining Power the external marks of respect provided for by the regulations applying in their
p.(None): own forces.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Officer prisoners of war are bound to salute only officers of a higher rank of the Detaining
p.(None): Power; they must, however, salute the camp commander regardless of his rank.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 40. The wearing of badges of rank and nationality, as well as of decorations, shall be
p.(None): permitted.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 41. In every camp the text of the present Convention and its Annexes and the contents of
p.(None): any special agreement provided for in Article 6, shall be posted, in the prisoners' own language,
p.(None): in places where all may read them. Copies shall be supplied, on request, to the prisoners who
p.(None): cannot have access to the copy which has been posted.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Regulations, orders, notices and publications of every kind relating to the conduct of prisoners of
p.(None): war shall be issued to them in a language which they understand. Such regulations, orders and
p.(None): publications shall be posted in the manner described above and copies shall be handed to the
p.(None): prisoners' representative. Every order and command addressed to prisoners of war individually
p.(None): must likewise be given in a language which they understand.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 42. The use of weapons against prisoners of war, especially against those who are escaping
p.(None): or attempting to escape, shall constitute an extreme measure, which shall always be preceded
p.(None): by warnings appropriate to the circumstances.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter VII. Rank of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 43. Upon the outbreak of hostilities, the Parties to the conflict shall communicate to one
p.(None): another the titles and ranks of all the persons mentioned in Article 4 of the present Convention,
p.(None): in order to ensure equality of treatment between prisoners of equivalent rank. Titles and ranks
p.(None): which are subsequently created shall form the subject of similar communications.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): Detaining Power or in any other country, or they may have an international character.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power may limit the number of societies and organizations whose delegates are
p.(None): allowed to carry out their activities in its territory and under its supervision, on condition,
p.(None): however, that such limitation shall not hinder the effective operation of adequate relief to all
p.(None): prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The special position of the International Committee of the Red Cross in this field shall be
p.(None): recognized and respected at all times.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): As soon as relief supplies or material intended for the above-mentioned purposes are handed
p.(None): over to prisoners of war, or very shortly afterwards, receipts for each consignment, signed by
p.(None): the prisoners' representative, shall be forwarded to the relief society or organization making the
p.(None): shipment. At the same time, receipts for these consignments shall be supplied by the
p.(None): administrative authorities responsible for guarding the prisoners.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part VI. Execution of the Convention
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section I. General Provisions
p.(None): Art 126. Representatives or delegates of the Protecting Powers shall have permission to go to all
p.(None): places where prisoners of war may be, particularly to places of internment, imprisonment and
p.(None): labour, and shall have access to all premises occupied by prisoners of war; they shall also be
p.(None): allowed to go to the places of departure, passage and arrival of prisoners who are being
p.(None): transferred. They shall be able to interview the prisoners, and in particular the prisoners'
p.(None): representatives, without witnesses, either personally or through an interpreter.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Representatives and delegates of the Protecting Powers shall have full liberty to select the
p.(None): places they wish to visit. The duration and frequency of these visits shall not be restricted. Visits
p.(None): may not be prohibited except for reasons of imperative military necessity, and then only as an
p.(None): exceptional and temporary measure.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power and the Power on which the said prisoners of war depend may agree, if
p.(None): necessary, that compatriots of these prisoners of war be permitted to participate in the visits.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The delegates of the International Committee of the Red Cross shall enjoy the same
p.(None): prerogatives. The appointment of such delegates shall be submitted to the approval of the
p.(None): Power detaining the prisoners of war to be visited.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 127. The High Contracting Parties undertake, in time of peace as in time of war, to
...
Social / Age
Searching for indicator age:
(return to top)
p.(None): intimidation and against insults and public curiosity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Measures of reprisal against prisoners of war are prohibited.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 14. Prisoners of war are entitled in all circumstances to respect for their persons and their
p.(None): honour.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Women shall be treated with all the regard due to their sex and shall in all cases benefit by
p.(None): treatment as favourable as that granted to men.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall retain the full civil capacity which they enjoyed at the time of their capture.
p.(None): The Detaining Power may not restrict the exercise, either within or without its own territory, of the
p.(None): rights such capacity confers except in so far as the captivity requires.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 15. The Power detaining prisoners of war shall be bound to provide free of charge for their
p.(None): maintenance and for the medical attention required by their state of health.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 16. Taking into consideration the provisions of the present Convention relating to rank and
p.(None): sex, and subject to any privileged treatment which may be accorded to them by reason of their
p.(None): state of health, age or professional qualifications, all prisoners of war shall be treated alike by
p.(None): the Detaining Power, without any adverse distinction based on race, nationality, religious belief
p.(None): or political opinions, or any other distinction founded on similar criteria.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part III. Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section 1. Beginning of Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 17. Every prisoner of war, when questioned on the subject, is bound to give only his
p.(None): surname, first names and rank, date of birth, and army, regimental, personal or serial number, or
p.(None): failing this, equivalent information.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If he wilfully infringes this rule, he may render himself liable to a restriction of the privileges
p.(None): accorded to his rank or status.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Each Party to a conflict is required to furnish the persons under its jurisdiction who are liable to
p.(None): become prisoners of war, with an identity card showing the owner's surname, first names, rank,
p.(None): army, regimental, personal or serial number or equivalent information, and date of birth. The
p.(None): identity card may, furthermore, bear the signature or the fingerprints, or both, of the owner, and
...
p.(None): prisoners' representative. Every order and command addressed to prisoners of war individually
p.(None): must likewise be given in a language which they understand.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 42. The use of weapons against prisoners of war, especially against those who are escaping
p.(None): or attempting to escape, shall constitute an extreme measure, which shall always be preceded
p.(None): by warnings appropriate to the circumstances.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter VII. Rank of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 43. Upon the outbreak of hostilities, the Parties to the conflict shall communicate to one
p.(None): another the titles and ranks of all the persons mentioned in Article 4 of the present Convention,
p.(None): in order to ensure equality of treatment between prisoners of equivalent rank. Titles and ranks
p.(None): which are subsequently created shall form the subject of similar communications.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power shall recognize promotions in rank which have been accorded to prisoners
p.(None): of war and which have been duly notified by the Power on which these prisoners depend.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 44. Officers and prisoners of equivalent status shall be treated with the regard due to their
p.(None): rank and age.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In order to ensure service in officers' camps, other ranks of the same armed forces who, as far
p.(None): as possible, speak the same language, shall be assigned in sufficient numbers, account being
p.(None): taken of the rank of officers and prisoners of equivalent status. Such orderlies shall not be
p.(None): required to perform any other work.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Supervision of the mess by the officers themselves shall be facilitated in every way.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 45. Prisoners of war other than officers and prisoners of equivalent status shall be treated
p.(None): with the regard due to their rank and age.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Supervision of the mess by the prisoners themselves shall be facilitated in every way.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter VIII. Transfer of Prisoners of War after their Arrival in Camp
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 46. The Detaining Power, when deciding upon the transfer of prisoners of war, shall take into
p.(None): account the interests of the prisoners themselves, more especially so as not to increase the
p.(None): difficulty of their repatriation.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The transfer of prisoners of war shall always be effected humanely and in conditions not less
p.(None): favourable than those under which the forces of the Detaining Power are transferred. Account
p.(None): shall always be taken of the climatic conditions to which the prisoners of war are accustomed
p.(None): and the conditions of transfer shall in no case be prejudicial to their health.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power shall supply prisoners of war during transfer with sufficient food and
p.(None): drinking water to keep them in good health, likewise with the necessary clothing, shelter and
p.(None): medical attention. The Detaining Power shall take adequate precautions especially in case of
p.(None): transport by sea or by air, to ensure their safety during transfer, and shall draw up a complete
p.(None): list of all transferred prisoners before their departure.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 48. In the event of transfer, prisoners of war shall be officially advised of their departure and
p.(None): of their new postal address. Such notifications shall be given in time for them to pack their
p.(None): luggage and inform their next of kin.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): They shall be allowed to take with them their personal effects, and the correspondence and
p.(None): parcels which have arrived for them. The weight of such baggage may be limited, if the
p.(None): conditions of transfer so require, to what each prisoner can reasonably carry, which shall in no
p.(None): case be more than twenty-five kilograms per head.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Mail and parcels addressed to their former camp shall be forwarded to them without delay. The
p.(None): camp commander shall take, in agreement with the prisoners' representative, any measures
p.(None): needed to ensure the transport of the prisoners' community property and of the luggage they are
p.(None): unable to take with them in consequence of restrictions imposed by virtue of the second
p.(None): paragraph of this Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The costs of transfers shall be borne by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section III. Labour of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 49. The Detaining Power may utilize the labour of prisoners of war who are physically fit,
p.(None): taking into account their age, sex, rank and physical aptitude, and with a view particularly to
p.(None): maintaining them in a good state of physical and mental health.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Non-commissioned officers who are prisoners of war shall only be required to do supervisory
p.(None): work. Those not so required may ask for other suitable work which shall, so far as possible, be
p.(None): found for them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If officers or persons of equivalent status ask for suitable work, it shall be found for them, so far
p.(None): as possible, but they may in no circumstances be compelled to work.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 50. Besides work connected with camp administration, installation or maintenance, prisoners
p.(None): of war may be compelled to do only such work as is included in the following classes:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) agriculture;
p.(None): (b) industries connected with the production or the extraction of raw materials, and
p.(None): manufacturing industries, with the exception of metallurgical, machinery and chemical
p.(None): industries; public works and building operations which have no military character or purpose;
p.(None): (c) transport and handling of stores which are not military in character or purpose;
p.(None): (d) commercial business, and arts and crafts;
p.(None): (e) domestic service;
p.(None): (f) public utility services having no military character or purpose.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Should the above provisions be infringed, prisoners of war shall be allowed to exercise their
...
Social / Child
Searching for indicator children:
(return to top)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Prisoners of war suffering from affections requiring treatment of the respiratory, circulatory,
p.(None): digestive, nervous, sensory, genito-urinary, cutaneous, locomotive organs, etc., if such
p.(None): treatment would clearly have better results in a neutral country than in captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (4) Prisoners of war who have undergone a nephrectomy in captivity for a non-tubercular renal
p.(None): affection; cases of osteomyelitis, on the way to recovery or latent; diabetes mellitus not requiring
p.(None): insulin treatment; etc.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (5) Prisoners of war suffering from war or captivity neuroses. Cases of captivity neurosis which
p.(None): are not cured after three months of accommodation in a neutral country, or which after that
p.(None): length of time are not clearly on the way to complete cure, shall be repatriated.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (6) All prisoners of war suffering from chronic intoxication (gases, metals, alkaloids, etc.), for
p.(None): whom the prospects of cure in a neutral country are especially favourable.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (7) All women prisoners of war who are pregnant or mothers with infants and small children.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following cases shall not be eligible for accommodation in a neutral country:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) All duly verified chronic psychoses.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) All organic or functional nervous affections considered to be incurable.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) All contagious diseases during the period in which they are transmissible, with the exception
p.(None): of tuberculosis.
p.(None): II. General Observations
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) The conditions given shall, in a general way, be interpreted and applied in as broad a spirit
p.(None): as possible. Neuropathic and psychopathic conditions caused by war or captivity, as well as
p.(None): cases of tuberculosis in all stages, shall above all benefit by such liberal interpretation. Prisoners
p.(None): of war who have sustained several wounds, none of which, considered by itself, justifies
p.(None): repatriation, shall be examined in the same spirit, with due regard for the psychic traumatism
p.(None): due to the number of their wounds.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) All unquestionable cases giving the right to direct repatriation (amputation, total blindness or
p.(None): deafness, open pulmonary tuberculosis, mental disorder, malignant growth, etc.) shall be
p.(None): examined and repatriated as soon as possible by the camp physicians or by military medical
p.(None): commissions appointed by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Injuries and diseases which existed before the war and which have not become worse, as
p.(None): well as war injuries which have not prevented subsequent military service, shall not entitle to
...
Social / Incarcerated
Searching for indicator liberty:
(return to top)
p.(None): as soon as possible a list of the prisoners of war who are evacuated.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If prisoners of war must, during evacuation, pass through transit camps, their stay in such
p.(None): camps shall be as brief as possible.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section II. Internment of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter I. General Observations
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 21. The Detaining Power may subject prisoners of war to internment. It may impose on them
p.(None): the obligation of not leaving, beyond certain limits, the camp where they are interned, or if the
p.(None): said camp is fenced in, of not going outside its perimeter. Subject to the provisions of the
p.(None): present Convention relative to penal and disciplinary sanctions, prisoners of war may not be
p.(None): held in close confinement except where necessary to safeguard their health and then only
p.(None): during the continuation of the circumstances which make such confinement necessary.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war may be partially or wholly released on parole or promise, in so far as is allowed
p.(None): by the laws of the Power on which they depend. Such measures shall be taken particularly in
p.(None): cases where this may contribute to the improvement of their state of health. No prisoner of war
p.(None): shall be compelled to accept liberty on parole or promise.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Upon the outbreak of hostilities, each Party to the conflict shall notify the adverse Party of the
p.(None): laws and regulations allowing or forbidding its own nationals to accept liberty on parole or
p.(None): promise. Prisoners of war who are paroled or who have given their promise in conformity with
p.(None): the laws and regulations so notified, are bound on their personal honour scrupulously to fulfil,
p.(None): both towards the Power on which they depend and towards the Power which has captured them,
p.(None): the engagements of their paroles or promises. In such cases, the Power on which they depend
p.(None): is bound neither to require nor to accept from them any service incompatible with the parole or
p.(None): promise given.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 22. Prisoners of war may be interned only in premises located on land and affording every
p.(None): guarantee of hygiene and healthfulness. Except in particular cases which are justified by the
p.(None): interest of the prisoners themselves, they shall not be interned in penitentiaries.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war interned in unhealthy areas, or where the climate is injurious for them, shall be
p.(None): removed as soon as possible to a more favourable climate.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power shall assemble prisoners of war in camps or camp compounds according
p.(None): to their nationality, language and customs, provided that such prisoners shall not be separated
p.(None): from prisoners of war belonging to the armed forces with which they were serving at the time of
...
p.(None): with a view to assisting prisoners of war, shall be allowed to minister to them and to exercise
p.(None): freely their ministry amongst prisoners of war of the same religion, in accordance with their
p.(None): religious conscience. They shall be allocated among the various camps and labour
p.(None): detachments containing prisoners of war belonging to the same forces, speaking the same
p.(None): language or practising the same religion. They shall enjoy the necessary facilities, including the
p.(None): means of transport provided for in Article 33, for visiting the prisoners of war outside their camp.
p.(None): They shall be free to correspond, subject to censorship, on matters concerning their religious
p.(None): duties with the ecclesiastical authorities in the country of detention and with international
p.(None): religious organizations. Letters and cards which they may send for this purpose shall be in
p.(None): addition to the quota provided for in Article 71.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 36. Prisoners of war who are ministers of religion, without having officiated as chaplains to
p.(None): their own forces, shall be at liberty, whatever their denomination, to minister freely to the
p.(None): members of their community. For this purpose, they shall receive the same treatment as the
p.(None): chaplains retained by the Detaining Power. They shall not be obliged to do any other work.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 37. When prisoners of war have not the assistance of a retained chaplain or of a prisoner of
p.(None): war minister of their faith, a minister belonging to the prisoners' or a similar denomination, or in
p.(None): his absence a qualified layman, if such a course is feasible from a confessional point of view,
p.(None): shall be appointed, at the request of the prisoners concerned, to fill this office. This appointment,
p.(None): subject to the approval of the Detaining Power, shall take place with the agreement of the
p.(None): community of prisoners concerned and, wherever necessary, with the approval of the local
p.(None): religious authorities of the same faith. The person thus appointed shall comply with all
p.(None): regulations established by the Detaining Power in the interests of discipline and military security.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 38. While respecting the individual preferences of every prisoner, the Detaining Power shall
p.(None): encourage the practice of intellectual, educational, and recreational pursuits, sports and games
...
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In no circumstances whatever shall a prisoner of war be tried by a court of any kind which does
p.(None): not offer the essential guarantees of independence and impartiality as generally recognized,
p.(None): and, in particular, the procedure of which does not afford the accused the rights and means of
p.(None): defence provided for in Article 105.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 85. Prisoners of war prosecuted under the laws of the Detaining Power for acts committed
p.(None): prior to capture shall retain, even if convicted, the benefits of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 86. No prisoner of war may be punished more than once for the same act or on the same
p.(None): charge.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 87. Prisoners of war may not be sentenced by the military authorities and courts of the
p.(None): Detaining Power to any penalties except those provided for in respect of members of the armed
p.(None): forces of the said Power who have committed the same acts.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): When fixing the penalty, the courts or authorities of the Detaining Power shall take into
p.(None): consideration, to the widest extent possible, the fact that the accused, not being a national of the
p.(None): Detaining Power, is not bound to it by any duty of allegiance, and that he is in its power as the
p.(None): result of circumstances independent of his own will. The said courts or authorities shall be at
p.(None): liberty to reduce the penalty provided for the violation of which the prisoner of war is accused,
p.(None): and shall therefore not be bound to apply the minimum penalty prescribed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Collective punishment for individual acts, corporal punishment, imprisonment in premises
p.(None): without daylight and, in general, any form of torture or cruelty, are forbidden.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No prisoner of war may be deprived of his rank by the Detaining Power, or prevented from
p.(None): wearing his badges.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 88. Officers, non-commissioned officers and men who are prisoners of war undergoing a
p.(None): disciplinary or judicial punishment, shall not be subjected to more severe treatment than that
p.(None): applied in respect of the same punishment to members of the armed forces of the Detaining
p.(None): Power of equivalent rank.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A woman prisoner of war shall not be awarded or sentenced to a punishment more severe, or
p.(None): treated whilst undergoing punishment more severely, than a woman member of the armed
p.(None): forces of the Detaining Power dealt with for a similar offence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In no case may a woman prisoner of war be awarded or sentenced to a punishment more
p.(None): severe, or treated whilst undergoing punishment more severely, than a male member of the
p.(None): armed forces of the Detaining Power dealt with for a similar offence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): war in the first instance is a death sentence, the Detaining Power shall as soon as possible
p.(None): address to the Protecting Power a detailed communication containing:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) the precise wording of the finding and sentence;
p.(None): (2) a summarized report of any preliminary investigation and of the trial, emphasizing in
p.(None): particular the elements of the prosecution and the defence;
p.(None): (3) notification, where applicable, of the establishment where the sentence will be served.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The communications provided for in the foregoing sub-paragraphs shall be sent to the
p.(None): Protecting Power at the address previously made known to the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 108.Sentences pronounced on prisoners of war after a conviction has become duly
p.(None): enforceable, shall be served in the same establishments and under the same conditions as in
p.(None): the case of members of the armed forces of the Detaining Power. These conditions shall in all
p.(None): cases conform to the requirements of health and humanity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A woman prisoner of war on whom such a sentence has been pronounced shall be confined in
p.(None): separate quarters and shall be under the supervision of women.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In any case, prisoners of war sentenced to a penalty depriving them of their liberty shall retain
p.(None): the benefit of the provisions of Articles 78 and 126 of the present Convention. Furthermore, they
p.(None): shall be entitled to receive and despatch correspondence, to receive at least one relief parcel
p.(None): monthly, to take regular exercise in the open air, to have the medical care required by their state
p.(None): of health, and the spiritual assistance they may desire. Penalties to which they may be
p.(None): subjected shall be in accordance with the provisions of Article 87, third paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part IV. Termination of Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section I. Direct Repatriation and Accommodation in Neutral Countries
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 109. Subject to the provisions of the third paragraph of this Article, Parties to the conflict are
p.(None): bound to send back to their own country, regardless of number or rank, seriously wounded and
p.(None): seriously sick prisoners of war, after having cared for them until they are fit to travel, in
p.(None): accordance with the first paragraph of the following Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Throughout the duration of hostilities, Parties to the conflict shall endeavour, with the
p.(None): cooperation of the neutral Powers concerned, to make arrangements for the accommodation in
p.(None): neutral countries of the sick and wounded prisoners of war referred to in the second paragraph
p.(None): of the following Article. They may, in addition, conclude agreements with a view to the direct
p.(None): repatriation or internment in a neutral country of able-bodied prisoners of war who have
...
p.(None): caused by a sentry, another prisoner of war, or any other person, as well as any death the
p.(None): cause of which is unknown, shall be immediately followed by an official enquiry by the Detaining
p.(None): Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A communication on this subject shall be sent immediately to the Protecting Power. Statements
p.(None): shall be taken from witnesses, especially from those who are prisoners of war, and a report
p.(None): including such statements shall be forwarded to the Protecting Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If the enquiry indicates the guilt of one or more persons, the Detaining Power shall take all
p.(None): measures for the prosecution of the person or persons responsible.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): PART V. Information Bureaux and Relief Societies for Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 122. Upon the outbreak of a conflict and in all cases of occupation, each of the Parties to the
p.(None): conflict shall institute an official Information Bureau for prisoners of war who are in its power.
p.(None): Neutral or non-belligerent Powers who may have received within their territory persons
p.(None): belonging to one of the categories referred to in Article 4, shall take the same action with
p.(None): respect to such persons. The Power concerned shall ensure that the Prisoners of War
p.(None): Information Bureau is provided with the necessary accommodation, equipment and staff to
p.(None): ensure its efficient working. It shall be at liberty to employ prisoners of war in such a Bureau
p.(None): under the conditions laid down in the Section of the present Convention dealing with work by
p.(None): prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Within the shortest possible period, each of the Parties to the conflict shall give its Bureau the
p.(None): information referred to in the fourth, fifth and sixth paragraphs of this Article regarding any
p.(None): enemy person belonging to one of the categories referred to in Article 4, who has fallen into its
p.(None): power. Neutral or non-belligerent Powers shall take the same action with regard to persons
p.(None): belonging to such categories whom they have received within their territory.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Bureau shall immediately forward such information by the most rapid means to the Powers
p.(None): concerned, through the intermediary of the Protecting Powers and likewise of the Central
p.(None): Agency provided for in Article 123.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): This information shall make it possible quickly to advise the next of kin concerned. Subject to
p.(None): the provisions of Article 17, the information shall include, in so far as available to the Information
p.(None): Bureau, in respect of each prisoner of war, his surname, first names, rank, army, regimental,
p.(None): personal or serial number, place and full date of birth, indication of the Power on which he
p.(None): depends, first name of the father and maiden name of the mother, name and address of the
p.(None): person to be informed and the address to which correspondence for the prisoner may be sent.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): As soon as relief supplies or material intended for the above-mentioned purposes are handed
p.(None): over to prisoners of war, or very shortly afterwards, receipts for each consignment, signed by
p.(None): the prisoners' representative, shall be forwarded to the relief society or organization making the
p.(None): shipment. At the same time, receipts for these consignments shall be supplied by the
p.(None): administrative authorities responsible for guarding the prisoners.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part VI. Execution of the Convention
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section I. General Provisions
p.(None): Art 126. Representatives or delegates of the Protecting Powers shall have permission to go to all
p.(None): places where prisoners of war may be, particularly to places of internment, imprisonment and
p.(None): labour, and shall have access to all premises occupied by prisoners of war; they shall also be
p.(None): allowed to go to the places of departure, passage and arrival of prisoners who are being
p.(None): transferred. They shall be able to interview the prisoners, and in particular the prisoners'
p.(None): representatives, without witnesses, either personally or through an interpreter.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Representatives and delegates of the Protecting Powers shall have full liberty to select the
p.(None): places they wish to visit. The duration and frequency of these visits shall not be restricted. Visits
p.(None): may not be prohibited except for reasons of imperative military necessity, and then only as an
p.(None): exceptional and temporary measure.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power and the Power on which the said prisoners of war depend may agree, if
p.(None): necessary, that compatriots of these prisoners of war be permitted to participate in the visits.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The delegates of the International Committee of the Red Cross shall enjoy the same
p.(None): prerogatives. The appointment of such delegates shall be submitted to the approval of the
p.(None): Power detaining the prisoners of war to be visited.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 127. The High Contracting Parties undertake, in time of peace as in time of war, to
p.(None): disseminate the text of the present Convention as widely as possible in their respective
p.(None): countries, and, in particular, to include the study thereof in their programmes of military and, if
p.(None): possible, civil instruction, so that the principles thereof may become known to all their armed
p.(None): forces and to the entire population.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any military or other authorities, who in time of war assume responsibilities in respect of
...
p.(None): this record shall be transmitted by the Swiss Federal Council to all the Powers in whose name
p.(None): the Convention has been signed, or whose accession has been notified.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 138. The present Convention shall come into force six months after not less than two
p.(None): instruments of ratification have been deposited.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Thereafter, it shall come into force for each High Contracting Party six months after the deposit
p.(None): of the instrument of ratification.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 139. From the date of its coming into force, it shall be open to any Power in whose name the
p.(None): present Convention has not been signed, to accede to this Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 140. Accessions shall be notified in writing to the Swiss Federal Council, and shall take
p.(None): effect six months after the date on which they are received.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Swiss Federal Council shall communicate the accessions to all the Powers in whose name
p.(None): the Convention has been signed, or whose accession has been notified.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 141. The situations provided for in Articles 2 and 3 shall give immediate effect to ratifications
p.(None): deposited and accessions notified by the Parties to the conflict before or after the beginning of
p.(None): hostilities or occupation. The Swiss Federal Council shall communicate by the quickest method
p.(None): any ratifications or accessions received from Parties to the conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 142. Each of the High Contracting Parties shall be at liberty to denounce the present
p.(None): Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The denunciation shall be notified in writing to the Swiss Federal Council, which shall transmit it
p.(None): to the Governments of all the High Contracting Parties.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The denunciation shall take effect one year after the notification thereof has been made to the
p.(None): Swiss Federal Council. However, a denunciation of which notification has been made at a time
p.(None): when the denouncing Power is involved in a conflict shall not take effect until peace has been
p.(None): concluded, and until after operations connected with release and repatriation of the persons
p.(None): protected by the present Convention have been terminated.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The denunciation shall have effect only in respect of the denouncing Power. It shall in no way
p.(None): impair the obligations which the Parties to the conflict shall remain bound to fulfil by virtue of the
p.(None): principles of the law of nations, as they result from the usages established among civilized
p.(None): peoples, from the laws of humanity and the dictates of the public conscience.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 143. The Swiss Federal Council shall register the present Convention with the Secretariat of
p.(None): the United Nations. The Swiss Federal Council shall also inform the Secretariat of the United
p.(None): Nations of all ratifications, accessions and denunciations received by it with respect to the
p.(None): present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, having deposited their respective full powers, have
p.(None): signed the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): DONE at Geneva this twelfth day of August 1949, in the English and French languages. The
p.(None): original shall be deposited in the Archives of the Swiss Confederation. The Swiss Federal
...
Searching for indicator restricted:
(return to top)
p.(None): offers all guarantees of impartiality and efficacy the duties incumbent on the Protecting Powers
p.(None): by virtue of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): When prisoners of war do not benefit or cease to benefit, no matter for what reason, by the
p.(None): activities of a Protecting Power or of an organization provided for in the first paragraph above,
p.(None): the Detaining Power shall request a neutral State, or such an organization, to undertake the
p.(None): functions performed under the present Convention by a Protecting Power designated by the
p.(None): Parties to a conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If protection cannot be arranged accordingly, the Detaining Power shall request or shall accept,
p.(None): subject to the provisions of this Article, the offer of the services of a humanitarian organization,
p.(None): such as the International Committee of the Red Cross to assume the humanitarian functions
p.(None): performed by Protecting Powers under the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any neutral Power or any organization invited by the Power concerned or offering itself for these
p.(None): purposes, shall be required to act with a sense of responsibility towards the Party to the conflict
p.(None): on which persons protected by the present Convention depend, and shall be required to furnish
p.(None): sufficient assurances that it is in a position to undertake the appropriate functions and to
p.(None): discharge them impartially.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No derogation from the preceding provisions shall be made by special agreements between
p.(None): Powers one of which is restricted, even temporarily, in its freedom to negotiate with the other
p.(None): Power or its allies by reason of military events, more particularly where the whole, or a
p.(None): substantial part, of the territory of the said Power is occupied.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Whenever in the present Convention mention is made of a Protecting Power, such mention
p.(None): applies to substitute organizations in the sense of the present Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 11. In cases where they deem it advisable in the interest of protected persons, particularly in
p.(None): cases of disagreement between the Parties to the conflict as to the application or interpretation
p.(None): of the provisions of the present Convention, the Protecting Powers shall lend their good offices
p.(None): with a view to settling the disagreement.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): For this purpose, each of the Protecting Powers may, either at the invitation of one Party or on
p.(None): its own initiative, propose to the Parties to the conflict a meeting of their representatives, and in
p.(None): particular of the authorities responsible for prisoners of war, possibly on neutral territory suitably
p.(None): chosen. The Parties to the conflict shall be bound to give effect to the proposals made to them
p.(None): for this purpose. The Protecting Powers may, if necessary, propose for approval by the Parties
p.(None): to the conflict a person belonging to a neutral Power, or delegated by the International
p.(None): Committee of the Red Cross, who shall be invited to take part in such a meeting.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners' representatives may appoint from amongst the prisoners such assistants as they may
p.(None): require. All material facilities shall be granted them, particularly a certain freedom of movement
p.(None): necessary for the accomplishment of their duties (inspection of labour detachments, receipt of
p.(None): supplies, etc.).
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners' representatives shall be permitted to visit premises where prisoners of war are
p.(None): detained, and every prisoner of war shall have the right to consult freely his prisoners'
p.(None): representative.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): All facilities shall likewise be accorded to the prisoners' representatives for communication by
p.(None): post and telegraph with the detaining authorities, the Protecting Powers, the International
p.(None): Committee of the Red Cross and their delegates, the Mixed Medical Commissions and the
p.(None): bodies which give assistance to prisoners of war. Prisoners' representatives of labour
p.(None): detachments shall enjoy the same facilities for communication with the prisoners'
p.(None): representatives of the principal camp. Such communications shall not be restricted, nor
p.(None): considered as forming a part of the quota mentioned in Article 71.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners' representatives who are transferred shall be allowed a reasonable time to acquaint
p.(None): their successors with current affairs.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In case of dismissal, the reasons therefor shall be communicated to the Protecting Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter III. Penal and Disciplinary Sanctions
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): I. General Provisions
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 82. A prisoner of war shall be subject to the laws, regulations and orders in force in the
p.(None): armed forces of the Detaining Power; the Detaining Power shall be justified in taking judicial or
p.(None): disciplinary measures in respect of any offence committed by a prisoner of war against such
p.(None): laws, regulations or orders. However, no proceedings or punishments contrary to the provisions
p.(None): of this Chapter shall be allowed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If any law, regulation or order of the Detaining Power shall declare acts committed by a prisoner
p.(None): of war to be punishable, whereas the same acts would not be punishable if committed by a
p.(None): member of the forces of the Detaining Power, such acts shall entail disciplinary punishments
p.(None): only.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 83. In deciding whether proceedings in respect of an offence alleged to have been
p.(None): committed by a prisoner of war shall be judicial or disciplinary, the Detaining Power shall ensure
...
p.(None): the prisoners' representative, shall be forwarded to the relief society or organization making the
p.(None): shipment. At the same time, receipts for these consignments shall be supplied by the
p.(None): administrative authorities responsible for guarding the prisoners.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part VI. Execution of the Convention
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section I. General Provisions
p.(None): Art 126. Representatives or delegates of the Protecting Powers shall have permission to go to all
p.(None): places where prisoners of war may be, particularly to places of internment, imprisonment and
p.(None): labour, and shall have access to all premises occupied by prisoners of war; they shall also be
p.(None): allowed to go to the places of departure, passage and arrival of prisoners who are being
p.(None): transferred. They shall be able to interview the prisoners, and in particular the prisoners'
p.(None): representatives, without witnesses, either personally or through an interpreter.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Representatives and delegates of the Protecting Powers shall have full liberty to select the
p.(None): places they wish to visit. The duration and frequency of these visits shall not be restricted. Visits
p.(None): may not be prohibited except for reasons of imperative military necessity, and then only as an
p.(None): exceptional and temporary measure.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power and the Power on which the said prisoners of war depend may agree, if
p.(None): necessary, that compatriots of these prisoners of war be permitted to participate in the visits.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The delegates of the International Committee of the Red Cross shall enjoy the same
p.(None): prerogatives. The appointment of such delegates shall be submitted to the approval of the
p.(None): Power detaining the prisoners of war to be visited.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 127. The High Contracting Parties undertake, in time of peace as in time of war, to
p.(None): disseminate the text of the present Convention as widely as possible in their respective
p.(None): countries, and, in particular, to include the study thereof in their programmes of military and, if
p.(None): possible, civil instruction, so that the principles thereof may become known to all their armed
p.(None): forces and to the entire population.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any military or other authorities, who in time of war assume responsibilities in respect of
p.(None): prisoners of war, must possess the text of the Convention and be specially instructed as to its
p.(None): provisions.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 128. The High Contracting Parties shall communicate to one another through the Swiss
...
Social / Linguistic Proficiency
Searching for indicator language:
(return to top)
p.(None): identity card may, furthermore, bear the signature or the fingerprints, or both, of the owner, and
p.(None): may bear, as well, any other information the Party to the conflict may wish to add concerning
p.(None): persons belonging to its armed forces. As far as possible the card shall measure 6.5 x 10 cm.
p.(None): and shall be issued in duplicate. The identity card shall be shown by the prisoner of war upon
p.(None): demand, but may in no case be taken away from him.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No physical or mental torture, nor any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on prisoners of
p.(None): war to secure from them information of any kind whatever. Prisoners of war who refuse to
p.(None): answer may not be threatened, insulted, or exposed to unpleasant or disadvantageous
p.(None): treatment of any kind.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who, owing to their physical or mental condition, are unable to state their
p.(None): identity, shall be handed over to the medical service. The identity of such prisoners shall be
p.(None): established by all possible means, subject to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The questioning of prisoners of war shall be carried out in a language which they understand.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 18. All effects and articles of personal use, except arms, horses, military equipment and
p.(None): military documents, shall remain in the possession of prisoners of war, likewise their metal
p.(None): helmets and gas masks and like articles issued for personal protection. Effects and articles used
p.(None): for their clothing or feeding shall likewise remain in their possession, even if such effects and
p.(None): articles belong to their regulation military equipment.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): At no time should prisoners of war be without identity documents. The Detaining Power shall
p.(None): supply such documents to prisoners of war who possess none.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Badges of rank and nationality, decorations and articles having above all a personal or
p.(None): sentimental value may not be taken from prisoners of war.
p.(None): Sums of money carried by prisoners of war may not be taken away from them except by order
p.(None): of an officer, and after the amount and particulars of the owner have been recorded in a special
p.(None): register and an itemized receipt has been given, legibly inscribed with the name, rank and unit
p.(None): of the person issuing the said receipt. Sums in the currency of the Detaining Power, or which
...
p.(None): Upon the outbreak of hostilities, each Party to the conflict shall notify the adverse Party of the
p.(None): laws and regulations allowing or forbidding its own nationals to accept liberty on parole or
p.(None): promise. Prisoners of war who are paroled or who have given their promise in conformity with
p.(None): the laws and regulations so notified, are bound on their personal honour scrupulously to fulfil,
p.(None): both towards the Power on which they depend and towards the Power which has captured them,
p.(None): the engagements of their paroles or promises. In such cases, the Power on which they depend
p.(None): is bound neither to require nor to accept from them any service incompatible with the parole or
p.(None): promise given.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 22. Prisoners of war may be interned only in premises located on land and affording every
p.(None): guarantee of hygiene and healthfulness. Except in particular cases which are justified by the
p.(None): interest of the prisoners themselves, they shall not be interned in penitentiaries.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war interned in unhealthy areas, or where the climate is injurious for them, shall be
p.(None): removed as soon as possible to a more favourable climate.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power shall assemble prisoners of war in camps or camp compounds according
p.(None): to their nationality, language and customs, provided that such prisoners shall not be separated
p.(None): from prisoners of war belonging to the armed forces with which they were serving at the time of
p.(None): their capture, except with their consent.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 23. No prisoner of war may at any time be sent to, or detained in areas where he may be
p.(None): exposed to the fire of the combat zone, nor may his presence be used to render certain points
p.(None): or areas immune from military operations.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall have shelters against air bombardment and other hazards of war, to the
p.(None): same extent as the local civilian population. With the exception of those engaged in the
p.(None): protection of their quarters against the aforesaid hazards, they may enter such shelters as soon
p.(None): as possible after the giving of the alarm. Any other protective measure taken in favour of the
p.(None): population shall also apply to them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Detaining Powers shall give the Powers concerned, through the intermediary of the Protecting
p.(None): Powers, all useful information regarding the geographical location of prisoner of war camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): to prisoners of war from the medical or spiritual point of view.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter V. Religious, Intellectual and Physical Activities
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 34. Prisoners of war shall enjoy complete latitude in the exercise of their religious duties,
p.(None): including attendance at the service of their faith, on condition that they comply with the
p.(None): disciplinary routine prescribed by the military authorities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Adequate premises shall be provided where religious services may be held.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 35. Chaplains who fall into the hands of the enemy Power and who remain or are retained
p.(None): with a view to assisting prisoners of war, shall be allowed to minister to them and to exercise
p.(None): freely their ministry amongst prisoners of war of the same religion, in accordance with their
p.(None): religious conscience. They shall be allocated among the various camps and labour
p.(None): detachments containing prisoners of war belonging to the same forces, speaking the same
p.(None): language or practising the same religion. They shall enjoy the necessary facilities, including the
p.(None): means of transport provided for in Article 33, for visiting the prisoners of war outside their camp.
p.(None): They shall be free to correspond, subject to censorship, on matters concerning their religious
p.(None): duties with the ecclesiastical authorities in the country of detention and with international
p.(None): religious organizations. Letters and cards which they may send for this purpose shall be in
p.(None): addition to the quota provided for in Article 71.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 36. Prisoners of war who are ministers of religion, without having officiated as chaplains to
p.(None): their own forces, shall be at liberty, whatever their denomination, to minister freely to the
p.(None): members of their community. For this purpose, they shall receive the same treatment as the
p.(None): chaplains retained by the Detaining Power. They shall not be obliged to do any other work.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 37. When prisoners of war have not the assistance of a retained chaplain or of a prisoner of
p.(None): war minister of their faith, a minister belonging to the prisoners' or a similar denomination, or in
p.(None): his absence a qualified layman, if such a course is feasible from a confessional point of view,
...
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter VI. Discipline
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 39. Every prisoner of war camp shall be put under the immediate authority of a responsible
p.(None): commissioned officer belonging to the regular armed forces of the Detaining Power. Such officer
p.(None): shall have in his possession a copy of the present Convention; he shall ensure that its
p.(None): provisions are known to the camp staff and the guard and shall be responsible, under the
p.(None): direction of his government, for its application.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war, with the exception of officers, must salute and show to all officers of the
p.(None): Detaining Power the external marks of respect provided for by the regulations applying in their
p.(None): own forces.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Officer prisoners of war are bound to salute only officers of a higher rank of the Detaining
p.(None): Power; they must, however, salute the camp commander regardless of his rank.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 40. The wearing of badges of rank and nationality, as well as of decorations, shall be
p.(None): permitted.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 41. In every camp the text of the present Convention and its Annexes and the contents of
p.(None): any special agreement provided for in Article 6, shall be posted, in the prisoners' own language,
p.(None): in places where all may read them. Copies shall be supplied, on request, to the prisoners who
p.(None): cannot have access to the copy which has been posted.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Regulations, orders, notices and publications of every kind relating to the conduct of prisoners of
p.(None): war shall be issued to them in a language which they understand. Such regulations, orders and
p.(None): publications shall be posted in the manner described above and copies shall be handed to the
p.(None): prisoners' representative. Every order and command addressed to prisoners of war individually
p.(None): must likewise be given in a language which they understand.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 42. The use of weapons against prisoners of war, especially against those who are escaping
p.(None): or attempting to escape, shall constitute an extreme measure, which shall always be preceded
p.(None): by warnings appropriate to the circumstances.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter VII. Rank of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 43. Upon the outbreak of hostilities, the Parties to the conflict shall communicate to one
p.(None): another the titles and ranks of all the persons mentioned in Article 4 of the present Convention,
p.(None): in order to ensure equality of treatment between prisoners of equivalent rank. Titles and ranks
p.(None): which are subsequently created shall form the subject of similar communications.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power shall recognize promotions in rank which have been accorded to prisoners
p.(None): of war and which have been duly notified by the Power on which these prisoners depend.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 44. Officers and prisoners of equivalent status shall be treated with the regard due to their
p.(None): rank and age.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In order to ensure service in officers' camps, other ranks of the same armed forces who, as far
p.(None): as possible, speak the same language, shall be assigned in sufficient numbers, account being
p.(None): taken of the rank of officers and prisoners of equivalent status. Such orderlies shall not be
p.(None): required to perform any other work.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Supervision of the mess by the officers themselves shall be facilitated in every way.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 45. Prisoners of war other than officers and prisoners of equivalent status shall be treated
p.(None): with the regard due to their rank and age.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Supervision of the mess by the prisoners themselves shall be facilitated in every way.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter VIII. Transfer of Prisoners of War after their Arrival in Camp
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 46. The Detaining Power, when deciding upon the transfer of prisoners of war, shall take into
p.(None): account the interests of the prisoners themselves, more especially so as not to increase the
p.(None): difficulty of their repatriation.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The transfer of prisoners of war shall always be effected humanely and in conditions not less
p.(None): favourable than those under which the forces of the Detaining Power are transferred. Account
p.(None): shall always be taken of the climatic conditions to which the prisoners of war are accustomed
...
p.(None): annexed to the present Convention. Further limitations may be imposed only if the Protecting
p.(None): Power is satisfied that it would be in the interests of the prisoners of war concerned to do so
p.(None): owing to difficulties of translation caused by the Detaining Power's inability to find sufficient
p.(None): qualified linguists to carry out the necessary censorship. If limitations must be placed on the
p.(None): correspondence addressed to prisoners of war, they may be ordered only by the Power on
p.(None): which the prisoners depend, possibly at the request of the Detaining Power. Such letters and
p.(None): cards must be conveyed by the most rapid method at the disposal of the Detaining Power; they
p.(None): may not be delayed or retained for
p.(None): disciplinary reasons.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who have been without news for a long period, or who are unable to receive
p.(None): news from their next of kin or to give them news by the ordinary postal route, as well as those
p.(None): who are at a great distance from their homes, shall be permitted to send telegrams, the fees
p.(None): being charged against the prisoners of war's accounts with the Detaining Power or paid in the
p.(None): currency at their disposal. They shall likewise benefit by this measure in cases of urgency.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): As a general rule, the correspondence of prisoners of war shall be written in their native
p.(None): language. The Parties to the conflict may allow correspondence in other languages.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Sacks containing prisoner of war mail must be securely sealed and labelled so as clearly to
p.(None): indicate their contents, and must be addressed to offices of destination.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 72. Prisoners of war shall be allowed to receive by post or by any other means individual
p.(None): parcels or collective shipments containing, in particular, foodstuffs, clothing, medical supplies
p.(None): and articles of a religious, educational or recreational character which may meet their needs,
p.(None): including books, devotional articles, scientific equipment, examination papers, musical
p.(None): instruments, sports outfits and materials allowing prisoners of war to pursue their studies or their
p.(None): cultural activities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Such shipments shall in no way free the Detaining Power from the obligations imposed upon it
p.(None): by virtue of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The only limits which may be placed on these shipments shall be those proposed by the
p.(None): Protecting Power in the interest of the prisoners themselves, or by the International Committee
p.(None): of the Red Cross or any other organization giving assistance to the prisoners, in respect of their
p.(None): own shipments only, on account of exceptional strain on transport or communications.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): camps for officers, he shall be assisted by one or more advisers chosen by the officers; in mixed
p.(None): camps, his assistants shall be chosen from among the prisoners of war who are not officers and
p.(None): shall be elected by them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Officer prisoners of war of the same nationality shall be stationed in labour camps for prisoners
p.(None): of war, for the purpose of carrying out the camp administration duties for which the prisoners of
p.(None): war are responsible. These officers may be elected as prisoners' representatives under the first
p.(None): paragraph of this Article. In such a case the assistants to the prisoners' representatives shall be
p.(None): chosen from among those prisoners of war who are not officers.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Every representative elected must be approved by the Detaining Power before he has the right
p.(None): to commence his duties. Where the Detaining Power refuses to approve a prisoner of war
p.(None): elected by his fellow prisoners of war, it must inform the Protecting Power of the reason for such
p.(None): refusal.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In all cases the prisoners' representative must have the same nationality, language and customs
p.(None): as the prisoners of war whom he represents. Thus, prisoners of war distributed in different
p.(None): sections of a camp, according to their nationality, language or customs, shall have for each
p.(None): section their own prisoners' representative, in accordance with the foregoing paragraphs.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 80. Prisoners' representatives shall further the physical, spiritual and intellectual well-being of
p.(None): prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In particular, where the prisoners decide to organize amongst themselves a system of mutual
p.(None): assistance, this organization will be within the province of the prisoners' representative, in
p.(None): addition to the special duties entrusted to him by other provisions of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners' representatives shall not be held responsible, simply by reason of their duties, for any
p.(None): offences committed by prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 81. Prisoners' representatives shall not be required to perform any other work, if the
p.(None): accomplishment of their duties is thereby made more difficult.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners' representatives may appoint from amongst the prisoners such assistants as they may
p.(None): require. All material facilities shall be granted them, particularly a certain freedom of movement
p.(None): necessary for the accomplishment of their duties (inspection of labour detachments, receipt of
...
p.(None): rights by the Detaining Power in due time before the trial.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Failing a choice by the prisoner of war, the Protecting Power shall find him an advocate or
p.(None): counsel, and shall have at least one week at its disposal for the purpose. The Detaining Power
p.(None): shall deliver to the said Power, on request, a list of persons qualified to present the defence.
p.(None): Failing a choice of an advocate or counsel by the prisoner of war or the Protecting Power, the
p.(None): Detaining Power shall appoint a competent advocate or counsel to conduct the defence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The advocate or counsel conducting the defence on behalf of the prisoner of war shall have at
p.(None): his disposal a period of two weeks at least before the opening of the trial, as well as the
p.(None): necessary facilities to prepare the defence of the accused. He may, in particular, freely visit the
p.(None): accused and interview him in private. He may also confer with any witnesses for the defence,
p.(None): including prisoners of war. He shall have the benefit of these facilities until the term of appeal or
p.(None): petition has expired.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Particulars of the charge or charges on which the prisoner of war is to be arraigned, as well as
p.(None): the documents which are generally communicated to the accused by virtue of the laws in force
p.(None): in the armed forces of the Detaining Power, shall be communicated to the accused prisoner of
p.(None): war in a language which he understands, and in good time before the opening of the trial. The
p.(None): same communication in the same circumstances shall be made to the advocate or counsel
p.(None): conducting the defence on behalf of the prisoner of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The representatives of the Protecting Power shall be entitled to attend the trial of the case,
p.(None): unless, exceptionally, this is held in camera in the interest of State security. In such a case the
p.(None): Detaining Power shall advise the Protecting Power accordingly.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 106. Every prisoner of war shall have, in the same manner as the members of the armed
p.(None): forces of the Detaining Power, the right of appeal or petition from any sentence pronounced
p.(None): upon him, with a view to the quashing or revising of the sentence or the reopening of the trial.
p.(None): He shall be fully informed of his right to appeal or petition and of the time limit within which he
p.(None): may do so.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 107. Any judgment and sentence pronounced upon a prisoner of war shall be immediately
p.(None): reported to the Protecting Power in the form of a summary communication, which shall also
p.(None): indicate whether he has the right of appeal with a view to the quashing of the sentence or the
p.(None): reopening of the trial. This communication shall likewise be sent to the prisoners' representative
p.(None): concerned. It shall also be sent to the accused prisoner of war in a language he understands, if
p.(None): the sentence was not pronounced in his presence. The Detaining Power shall also immediately
p.(None): communicate to the Protecting Power the decision of the prisoner of war to use or to waive his
p.(None): right of appeal.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Furthermore, if a prisoner of war is finally convicted or if a sentence pronounced on a prisoner of
p.(None): war in the first instance is a death sentence, the Detaining Power shall as soon as possible
p.(None): address to the Protecting Power a detailed communication containing:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) the precise wording of the finding and sentence;
p.(None): (2) a summarized report of any preliminary investigation and of the trial, emphasizing in
p.(None): particular the elements of the prosecution and the defence;
p.(None): (3) notification, where applicable, of the establishment where the sentence will be served.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The communications provided for in the foregoing sub-paragraphs shall be sent to the
p.(None): Protecting Power at the address previously made known to the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 108.Sentences pronounced on prisoners of war after a conviction has become duly
p.(None): enforceable, shall be served in the same establishments and under the same conditions as in
p.(None): the case of members of the armed forces of the Detaining Power. These conditions shall in all
p.(None): cases conform to the requirements of health and humanity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
Social / Marital Status
Searching for indicator single:
(return to top)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In no case may a woman prisoner of war be awarded or sentenced to a punishment more
p.(None): severe, or treated whilst undergoing punishment more severely, than a male member of the
p.(None): armed forces of the Detaining Power dealt with for a similar offence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who have served disciplinary or judicial sentences may not be treated
p.(None): differently from other prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): II. Disciplinary Sanctions
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 89. The disciplinary punishments applicable to prisoners of war are the following:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) A fine which shall not exceed 50 per cent of the advances of pay and working pay which the
p.(None): prisoner of war would otherwise receive under the provisions of Articles 60 and 62 during a
p.(None): period of not more than thirty days.
p.(None): (2) Discontinuance of privileges granted over and above the treatment provided for by the
p.(None): present Convention.
p.(None): (3) Fatigue duties not exceeding two hours daily.
p.(None): (4) Confinement.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The punishment referred to under (3) shall not be applied to officers.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In no case shall disciplinary punishments be inhuman, brutal or dangerous to the health of
p.(None): prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 90. The duration of any single punishment shall in no case exceed thirty days. Any period of
p.(None): confinement awaiting the hearing of a disciplinary offence or the award of disciplinary
p.(None): punishment shall be deducted from an award pronounced against a prisoner of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The maximum of thirty days provided above may not be exceeded, even if the prisoner of war is
p.(None): answerable for several acts at the same time when he is awarded punishment, whether such
p.(None): acts are related or not.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The period between the pronouncing of an award of disciplinary punishment and its execution
p.(None): shall not exceed one month.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): When a prisoner of war is awarded a further disciplinary punishment, a period of at least three
p.(None): days shall elapse between the execution of any two of the punishments, if the duration of one of
p.(None): these is ten days or more.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 91. The escape of a prisoner of war shall be deemed to have succeeded when:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) he has joined the armed forces of the Power on which he depends, or those of an allied
p.(None): Power;
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) he has left the territory under the control of the Detaining Power, or of an ally of the said
p.(None): Power;
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) he has joined a ship flying the flag of the Power on which he depends, or of an allied Power,
p.(None): in the territorial waters of the Detaining Power, the said ship not being under the control of the
p.(None): last named Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
Social / Mothers
Searching for indicator mothers:
(return to top)
p.(None): improvement, with the exception of primary tuberculosis cured before captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Prisoners of war suffering from affections requiring treatment of the respiratory, circulatory,
p.(None): digestive, nervous, sensory, genito-urinary, cutaneous, locomotive organs, etc., if such
p.(None): treatment would clearly have better results in a neutral country than in captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (4) Prisoners of war who have undergone a nephrectomy in captivity for a non-tubercular renal
p.(None): affection; cases of osteomyelitis, on the way to recovery or latent; diabetes mellitus not requiring
p.(None): insulin treatment; etc.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (5) Prisoners of war suffering from war or captivity neuroses. Cases of captivity neurosis which
p.(None): are not cured after three months of accommodation in a neutral country, or which after that
p.(None): length of time are not clearly on the way to complete cure, shall be repatriated.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (6) All prisoners of war suffering from chronic intoxication (gases, metals, alkaloids, etc.), for
p.(None): whom the prospects of cure in a neutral country are especially favourable.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (7) All women prisoners of war who are pregnant or mothers with infants and small children.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following cases shall not be eligible for accommodation in a neutral country:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) All duly verified chronic psychoses.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) All organic or functional nervous affections considered to be incurable.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) All contagious diseases during the period in which they are transmissible, with the exception
p.(None): of tuberculosis.
p.(None): II. General Observations
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) The conditions given shall, in a general way, be interpreted and applied in as broad a spirit
p.(None): as possible. Neuropathic and psychopathic conditions caused by war or captivity, as well as
p.(None): cases of tuberculosis in all stages, shall above all benefit by such liberal interpretation. Prisoners
p.(None): of war who have sustained several wounds, none of which, considered by itself, justifies
p.(None): repatriation, shall be examined in the same spirit, with due regard for the psychic traumatism
p.(None): due to the number of their wounds.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) All unquestionable cases giving the right to direct repatriation (amputation, total blindness or
p.(None): deafness, open pulmonary tuberculosis, mental disorder, malignant growth, etc.) shall be
p.(None): examined and repatriated as soon as possible by the camp physicians or by military medical
p.(None): commissions appointed by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Injuries and diseases which existed before the war and which have not become worse, as
...
Social / Occupation
Searching for indicator occupation:
(return to top)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Treaties, States Parties and Commentaries Advanced
p.(None):
p.(None): Search
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Treaties and Documents Convention (III) relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War.
p.(None): Geneva Conventions of 1949 Geneva, 12 August 1949.
p.(None): and Additional Protocols, and
p.(None): their Commentaries
p.(None):
p.(None): By date Preamble
p.(None):
p.(None): By topic
p.(None): The undersigned Plenipotentiaries of the Governments represented at the Diplomatic
p.(None): By State Conference held at Geneva from April 21 to August 12, 1949, for the purpose of revising the
p.(None): Convention concluded at Geneva on July 27, 1929, relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of
p.(None): War, have agreed as follows:
p.(None): Historical Treaties and
p.(None): Documents Part I. General Provisions
p.(None): By date
p.(None): Art 1. The High Contracting Parties undertake to respect and to ensure respect for the present
p.(None): By topic
p.(None): Convention in all circumstances.
p.(None): By State
p.(None): Art 2. In addition to the provisions which shall be implemented in peace time, the present
p.(None): Convention shall apply to all cases of declared war or of any other armed conflict which may
p.(None): arise between two or more of the High Contracting Parties, even if the state of war is not
p.(None): recognized by one of them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Convention shall also apply to all cases of partial or total occupation of the territory of a
p.(None): High Contracting Party, even if the said occupation meets with no armed resistance.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Although one of the Powers in conflict may not be a party to the present Convention, the Powers
p.(None): who are parties thereto shall remain bound by it in their mutual relations. They shall furthermore
p.(None): be bound by the Convention in relation to the said Power, if the latter accepts and applies the
p.(None): provisions thereof.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 3. In the case of armed conflict not of an international character occurring in the territory of
p.(None): one of the High Contracting Parties, each Party to the conflict shall be bound to apply, as a
p.(None): minimum, the following
p.(None): provisions:
p.(None): (1) Persons taking no active part in the hostilities, including members of armed forces who have
p.(None): laid down their arms and those placed hors de combat by sickness, wounds, detention, or any
p.(None): other cause, shall in all circumstances be treated humanely, without any adverse distinction
p.(None): founded on race, colour, religion or faith, sex, birth or wealth, or any other similar criteria. To this
p.(None): end the following acts are and shall remain prohibited at any time and in any place whatsoever
p.(None): with respect to the above-mentioned persons:
p.(None): (a) violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds, mutilation, cruel treatment and
p.(None): torture;
p.(None): (b) taking of hostages;
p.(None): (c) outrages upon personal dignity, in particular, humiliating and degrading treatment;
...
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The reasons for any limitations will be given without delay to the Protecting Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 61. The Detaining Power shall accept for distribution as supplementary pay to prisoners of
p.(None): war sums which the Power on which the prisoners depend may forward to them, on condition
p.(None): that the sums to be paid shall be the same for each prisoner of the same category, shall be
p.(None): payable to all prisoners of that category depending on that Power, and shall be placed in their
p.(None): separate accounts, at the earliest opportunity, in accordance with the provisions of Article 64.
p.(None): Such supplementary pay shall not relieve the Detaining Power of any obligation under this
p.(None): Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 62. Prisoners of war shall be paid a fair working rate of pay by the detaining authorities
p.(None): direct. The rate shall be fixed by the said authorities, but shall at no time be less than one-fourth
p.(None): of one Swiss franc for a full working day. The Detaining Power shall inform prisoners of war, as
p.(None): well as the Power on which they depend, through the intermediary of the Protecting Power, of
p.(None): the rate of daily working pay that it has fixed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Working pay shall likewise be paid by the detaining authorities to prisoners of war permanently
p.(None): detailed to duties or to a skilled or semi-skilled occupation in connection with the administration,
p.(None): installation or maintenance of camps, and to the prisoners who are required to carry out spiritual
p.(None): or medical duties on behalf of their comrades.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The working pay of the prisoners' representative, of his advisers, if any, and of his assistants,
p.(None): shall be paid out of the fund maintained by canteen profits. The scale of this working pay shall
p.(None): be fixed by the prisoners' representative and approved by the camp commander. If there is no
p.(None): such fund, the detaining authorities shall pay these prisoners a fair working rate of pay.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Atr 63. Prisoners of war shall be permitted to receive remittances of money addressed to them
p.(None): individually or collectively.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Every prisoner of war shall have at his disposal the credit balance of his account as provided for
p.(None): in the following Article, within the limits fixed by the Detaining Power, which shall make such
p.(None): payments as are requested. Subject to financial or monetary restrictions which the Detaining
p.(None): Power regards as essential, prisoners of war may also have payments made abroad. In this
p.(None): case payments addressed by prisoners of war to dependents shall be given priority.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): and for records of any subsequent moves of the bodies shall rest on the Power controlling the
p.(None): territory, if a Party to the present Convention. These provisions shall also apply to the ashes,
p.(None): which shall be kept by the Graves Registration Service until proper disposal thereof in
p.(None): accordance with the wishes of the home country.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 121. Every death or serious injury of a prisoner of war caused or suspected to have been
p.(None): caused by a sentry, another prisoner of war, or any other person, as well as any death the
p.(None): cause of which is unknown, shall be immediately followed by an official enquiry by the Detaining
p.(None): Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A communication on this subject shall be sent immediately to the Protecting Power. Statements
p.(None): shall be taken from witnesses, especially from those who are prisoners of war, and a report
p.(None): including such statements shall be forwarded to the Protecting Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If the enquiry indicates the guilt of one or more persons, the Detaining Power shall take all
p.(None): measures for the prosecution of the person or persons responsible.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): PART V. Information Bureaux and Relief Societies for Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 122. Upon the outbreak of a conflict and in all cases of occupation, each of the Parties to the
p.(None): conflict shall institute an official Information Bureau for prisoners of war who are in its power.
p.(None): Neutral or non-belligerent Powers who may have received within their territory persons
p.(None): belonging to one of the categories referred to in Article 4, shall take the same action with
p.(None): respect to such persons. The Power concerned shall ensure that the Prisoners of War
p.(None): Information Bureau is provided with the necessary accommodation, equipment and staff to
p.(None): ensure its efficient working. It shall be at liberty to employ prisoners of war in such a Bureau
p.(None): under the conditions laid down in the Section of the present Convention dealing with work by
p.(None): prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Within the shortest possible period, each of the Parties to the conflict shall give its Bureau the
p.(None): information referred to in the fourth, fifth and sixth paragraphs of this Article regarding any
p.(None): enemy person belonging to one of the categories referred to in Article 4, who has fallen into its
p.(None): power. Neutral or non-belligerent Powers shall take the same action with regard to persons
p.(None): belonging to such categories whom they have received within their territory.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Bureau shall immediately forward such information by the most rapid means to the Powers
p.(None): concerned, through the intermediary of the Protecting Powers and likewise of the Central
p.(None): Agency provided for in Article 123.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): which are parties to the Convention of July 27, 1929.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 137. The present Convention shall be ratified as soon as possible and the ratifications shall
p.(None): be deposited at Berne.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A record shall be drawn up of the deposit of each instrument of ratification and certified copies of
p.(None): this record shall be transmitted by the Swiss Federal Council to all the Powers in whose name
p.(None): the Convention has been signed, or whose accession has been notified.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 138. The present Convention shall come into force six months after not less than two
p.(None): instruments of ratification have been deposited.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Thereafter, it shall come into force for each High Contracting Party six months after the deposit
p.(None): of the instrument of ratification.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 139. From the date of its coming into force, it shall be open to any Power in whose name the
p.(None): present Convention has not been signed, to accede to this Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 140. Accessions shall be notified in writing to the Swiss Federal Council, and shall take
p.(None): effect six months after the date on which they are received.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Swiss Federal Council shall communicate the accessions to all the Powers in whose name
p.(None): the Convention has been signed, or whose accession has been notified.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 141. The situations provided for in Articles 2 and 3 shall give immediate effect to ratifications
p.(None): deposited and accessions notified by the Parties to the conflict before or after the beginning of
p.(None): hostilities or occupation. The Swiss Federal Council shall communicate by the quickest method
p.(None): any ratifications or accessions received from Parties to the conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 142. Each of the High Contracting Parties shall be at liberty to denounce the present
p.(None): Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The denunciation shall be notified in writing to the Swiss Federal Council, which shall transmit it
p.(None): to the Governments of all the High Contracting Parties.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The denunciation shall take effect one year after the notification thereof has been made to the
p.(None): Swiss Federal Council. However, a denunciation of which notification has been made at a time
p.(None): when the denouncing Power is involved in a conflict shall not take effect until peace has been
p.(None): concluded, and until after operations connected with release and repatriation of the persons
p.(None): protected by the present Convention have been terminated.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The denunciation shall have effect only in respect of the denouncing Power. It shall in no way
p.(None): impair the obligations which the Parties to the conflict shall remain bound to fulfil by virtue of the
p.(None): principles of the law of nations, as they result from the usages established among civilized
p.(None): peoples, from the laws of humanity and the dictates of the public conscience.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 143. The Swiss Federal Council shall register the present Convention with the Secretariat of
p.(None): the United Nations. The Swiss Federal Council shall also inform the Secretariat of the United
p.(None): Nations of all ratifications, accessions and denunciations received by it with respect to the
p.(None): present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
Social / Police Officer
Searching for indicator officer:
(return to top)
p.(None): established by all possible means, subject to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The questioning of prisoners of war shall be carried out in a language which they understand.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 18. All effects and articles of personal use, except arms, horses, military equipment and
p.(None): military documents, shall remain in the possession of prisoners of war, likewise their metal
p.(None): helmets and gas masks and like articles issued for personal protection. Effects and articles used
p.(None): for their clothing or feeding shall likewise remain in their possession, even if such effects and
p.(None): articles belong to their regulation military equipment.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): At no time should prisoners of war be without identity documents. The Detaining Power shall
p.(None): supply such documents to prisoners of war who possess none.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Badges of rank and nationality, decorations and articles having above all a personal or
p.(None): sentimental value may not be taken from prisoners of war.
p.(None): Sums of money carried by prisoners of war may not be taken away from them except by order
p.(None): of an officer, and after the amount and particulars of the owner have been recorded in a special
p.(None): register and an itemized receipt has been given, legibly inscribed with the name, rank and unit
p.(None): of the person issuing the said receipt. Sums in the currency of the Detaining Power, or which
p.(None): are changed into such currency at the prisoner's request, shall be placed to the credit of the
p.(None): prisoner's account as provided in Article 64.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power may withdraw articles of value from prisoners of war only for reasons of
p.(None): security; when such articles are withdrawn, the procedure laid down for sums of money
p.(None): impounded shall apply.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Such objects, likewise sums taken away in any currency other than that of the Detaining Power
p.(None): and the conversion of which has not been asked for by the owners, shall be kept in the custody
p.(None): of the Detaining Power and shall be returned in their initial shape to prisoners of war at the end
p.(None): of their captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 19. Prisoners of war shall be evacuated, as soon as possible after their capture, to camps
p.(None): situated in an area far enough from the combat zone for them to be out of danger.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Only those prisoners of war who, owing to wounds or sickness, would run greater risks by being
p.(None): evacuated than by remaining where they are, may be temporarily kept back in a danger zone.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall not be unnecessarily exposed to danger while awaiting evacuation from a
...
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 33. Members of the medical personnel and chaplains while retained by the Detaining Power
p.(None): with a view to assisting prisoners of war, shall not be considered as prisoners of war. They shall,
p.(None): however, receive as a minimum the benefits and protection of the present Convention, and shall
p.(None): also be granted all facilities necessary to provide for the medical care of, and religious
p.(None): ministration to prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): They shall continue to exercise their medical and spiritual functions for the benefit of prisoners
p.(None): of war, preferably those belonging to the armed forces upon which they depend, within the
p.(None): scope of the military laws and regulations of the Detaining Power and under the control of its
p.(None): competent services, in accordance with their professional etiquette. They shall also benefit by
p.(None): the following facilities in the exercise of their medical
p.(None): or spiritual functions:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) They shall be authorized to visit periodically prisoners of war situated in working
p.(None): detachments or in hospitals outside the camp. For this purpose, the Detaining Power shall place
p.(None): at their disposal the necessary means of transport.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) The senior medical officer in each camp shall be responsible to the camp military authorities
p.(None): for everything connected with the activities of retained medical personnel. For this purpose,
p.(None): Parties to the conflict shall agree at the outbreak of hostilities on the subject of the
p.(None): corresponding ranks of the medical personnel, including that of societies mentioned in Article 26
p.(None): of the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in
p.(None): ArmedXForces in the Field of August 12, 1949. This senior medical officer, as well as chaplains,
p.(None): shall have the right to deal with the competent authorities of the camp on all questions relating
p.(None): to their duties. Such authorities shall afford them all necessary facilities for correspondence
p.(None): relating to these questions.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) Although they shall be subject to the internal discipline of the camp in which they are
p.(None): retained, such personnel may not be compelled to carry out any work other than that concerned
p.(None): with their medical or religious duties.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): During hostilities, the Parties to the conflict shall agree concerning the possible relief of retained
p.(None): personnel and shall settle the procedure to be followed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): None of the preceding provisions shall relieve the Detaining Power of its obligations with regard
p.(None): to prisoners of war from the medical or spiritual point of view.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter V. Religious, Intellectual and Physical Activities
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 34. Prisoners of war shall enjoy complete latitude in the exercise of their religious duties,
p.(None): including attendance at the service of their faith, on condition that they comply with the
p.(None): disciplinary routine prescribed by the military authorities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Adequate premises shall be provided where religious services may be held.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): subject to the approval of the Detaining Power, shall take place with the agreement of the
p.(None): community of prisoners concerned and, wherever necessary, with the approval of the local
p.(None): religious authorities of the same faith. The person thus appointed shall comply with all
p.(None): regulations established by the Detaining Power in the interests of discipline and military security.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 38. While respecting the individual preferences of every prisoner, the Detaining Power shall
p.(None): encourage the practice of intellectual, educational, and recreational pursuits, sports and games
p.(None): amongst prisoners, and shall take the measures necessary to ensure the exercise thereof by
p.(None): providing them with adequate premises and necessary equipment.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners shall have opportunities for taking physical exercise, including sports and games, and
p.(None): for being out of doors. Sufficient open spaces shall be provided for this purpose in all camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter VI. Discipline
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 39. Every prisoner of war camp shall be put under the immediate authority of a responsible
p.(None): commissioned officer belonging to the regular armed forces of the Detaining Power. Such officer
p.(None): shall have in his possession a copy of the present Convention; he shall ensure that its
p.(None): provisions are known to the camp staff and the guard and shall be responsible, under the
p.(None): direction of his government, for its application.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war, with the exception of officers, must salute and show to all officers of the
p.(None): Detaining Power the external marks of respect provided for by the regulations applying in their
p.(None): own forces.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Officer prisoners of war are bound to salute only officers of a higher rank of the Detaining
p.(None): Power; they must, however, salute the camp commander regardless of his rank.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 40. The wearing of badges of rank and nationality, as well as of decorations, shall be
p.(None): permitted.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 41. In every camp the text of the present Convention and its Annexes and the contents of
p.(None): any special agreement provided for in Article 6, shall be posted, in the prisoners' own language,
p.(None): in places where all may read them. Copies shall be supplied, on request, to the prisoners who
p.(None): cannot have access to the copy which has been posted.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Regulations, orders, notices and publications of every kind relating to the conduct of prisoners of
p.(None): war shall be issued to them in a language which they understand. Such regulations, orders and
p.(None): publications shall be posted in the manner described above and copies shall be handed to the
p.(None): prisoners' representative. Every order and command addressed to prisoners of war individually
p.(None): must likewise be given in a language which they understand.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): on his behalf and at his request; the sums transferred under Article 63, third paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 65. Every item entered in the account of a prisoner of war shall be countersigned or initialled
p.(None): by him, or by the prisoners' representative acting on his behalf.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall at all times be afforded reasonable facilities for consulting and obtaining
p.(None): copies of their accounts, which may likewise be inspected by the representatives of the
p.(None): Protecting Powers at the time of visits to the camp.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): When prisoners of war are transferred from one camp to another, their personal accounts will
p.(None): follow them. In case of transfer from one Detaining Power to another, the monies which are their
p.(None): property and are not in the currency of the Detaining Power will follow them. They shall be given
p.(None): certificates for any other monies standing to the credit of their accounts.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Parties to the conflict concerned may agree to notify to each other at specific intervals
p.(None): through the Protecting Power, the amount of the accounts of the prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 66. On the termination of captivity, through the release of a prisoner of war or his
p.(None): repatriation, the Detaining Power shall give him a statement, signed by an authorized officer of
p.(None): that Power, showing the credit balance then due to him. The Detaining Power shall also send
p.(None): through the Protecting Power to the government upon which the prisoner of war depends, lists
p.(None): giving all appropriate particulars of all prisoners of war whose captivity has been terminated by
p.(None): repatriation, release, escape, death or any other means, and showing the amount of their credit
p.(None): balances. Such lists shall be certified on each sheet by an authorized representative of the
p.(None): Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any of the above provisions of this Article may be varied by mutual agreement between any two
p.(None): Parties to the conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Power on which the prisoner of war depends shall be responsible for settling with him any
p.(None): credit balance due to him from the Detaining Power on the termination of his captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 67. Advances of pay, issued to prisoners of war in conformity with Article 60, shall be
p.(None): considered as made on behalf of the Power on which they depend. Such advances of pay, as
p.(None): well as all payments made by the said Power under Article 63, third paragraph, and Article 68,
p.(None): shall form the subject of arrangements between the Powers concerned, at the close of
p.(None): hostilities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 68. Any claim by a prisoner of war for compensation in respect of any injury or other
p.(None): disability arising out of work shall be referred to the Power on which he depends, through the
p.(None): Protecting Power. In accordance with Article 54, the Detaining Power will, in all cases, provide
p.(None): the prisoner of war concerned with a statement showing the nature of the injury or disability, the
p.(None): circumstances in which it arose and particulars of medical or hospital treatment given for it. This
p.(None): statement will be signed by a responsible officer of the Detaining Power and the medical
p.(None): particulars certified by a medical officer.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any claim by a prisoner of war for compensation in respect of personal effects monies or
p.(None): valuables impounded by the Detaining Power under Article 18 and not forthcoming on his
p.(None): repatriation, or in respect of loss alleged to be due to the fault of the Detaining Power or any of
p.(None): its servants, shall likewise be referred to the Power on which he depends. Nevertheless, any
p.(None): such personal effects required for use by the prisoners of war whilst in captivity shall be
p.(None): replaced at the expense of the Detaining Power. The Detaining Power will, in all cases, provide
p.(None): the prisoner of war with a statement, signed by a responsible officer, showing all available
p.(None): information regarding the reasons why such effects, monies or valuables have not been
p.(None): restored to him. A copy of this statement will be forwarded to the Power on which he depends
p.(None): through the Central Prisoners of War Agency provided for in Article 123.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section V. Relations of Prisoners of War With the Exterior
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 69. Immediately upon prisoners of war falling into its power, the Detaining Power shall inform
p.(None): them and the Powers on which they depend, through the Protecting Power, of the measures
p.(None): taken to carry out the provisions of the present Section. They shall likewise inform the parties
p.(None): concerned of any subsequent modifications of such measures.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 70. Immediately upon capture, or not more than one week after arrival at a camp, even if it is
p.(None): a transit camp, likewise in case of sickness or transfer to hospital or to another camp, every
p.(None): prisoner of war shall be enabled to write direct to his family, on the one hand, and to the Central
p.(None): Prisoners of War Agency provided for in Article 123, on the other hand, a card similar, if
p.(None): possible, to the model annexed to the present Convention, informing his relatives of his capture,
p.(None): address and state of health. The said cards shall be forwarded as rapidly as possible and may
p.(None): not be delayed in any manner.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): order to draw their attention to any points on which they may have complaints to make regarding
p.(None): their conditions of captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): These requests and complaints shall not be limited nor considered to be a part of the
p.(None): correspondence quota referred to in Article 71. They must be transmitted immediately. Even if
p.(None): they are recognized to be unfounded, they may not give rise to any punishment.
p.(None): Prisoners' representatives may send periodic reports on the situation in the camps and the
p.(None): needs of the prisoners of war to the representatives of the Protecting Powers.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter II. Prisoner of War Representatives
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 79. IIn all places where there are prisoners of war, except in those where there are officers,
p.(None): the prisoners shall freely elect by secret ballot, every six months, and also in case of vacancies,
p.(None): prisoners' representatives entrusted with representing them before the military authorities, the
p.(None): Protecting Powers, the International Committee of the Red Cross and any other organization
p.(None): which may assist them. These prisoners' representatives shall be eligible for re-election.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In camps for officers and persons of equivalent status or in mixed camps, the senior officer
p.(None): among the prisoners of war shall be recognized as the camp prisoners' representative. In
p.(None): camps for officers, he shall be assisted by one or more advisers chosen by the officers; in mixed
p.(None): camps, his assistants shall be chosen from among the prisoners of war who are not officers and
p.(None): shall be elected by them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Officer prisoners of war of the same nationality shall be stationed in labour camps for prisoners
p.(None): of war, for the purpose of carrying out the camp administration duties for which the prisoners of
p.(None): war are responsible. These officers may be elected as prisoners' representatives under the first
p.(None): paragraph of this Article. In such a case the assistants to the prisoners' representatives shall be
p.(None): chosen from among those prisoners of war who are not officers.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Every representative elected must be approved by the Detaining Power before he has the right
p.(None): to commence his duties. Where the Detaining Power refuses to approve a prisoner of war
p.(None): elected by his fellow prisoners of war, it must inform the Protecting Power of the reason for such
p.(None): refusal.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In all cases the prisoners' representative must have the same nationality, language and customs
p.(None): as the prisoners of war whom he represents. Thus, prisoners of war distributed in different
p.(None): sections of a camp, according to their nationality, language or customs, shall have for each
...
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who aid or abet an escape or an attempt to escape shall be liable on this count
p.(None): to disciplinary punishment only.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 94. If an escaped prisoner of war is recaptured, the Power on which he depends shall be
p.(None): notified thereof in the manner defined in Article 122, provided notification of his escape has
p.(None): been made.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 95. A prisoner of war accused of an offence against discipline shall not be kept in
p.(None): confinement pending the hearing unless a member of the armed forces of the Detaining Power
p.(None): would be so kept if he were accused of a similar offence, or if it is essential in the interests of
p.(None): camp order and discipline.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any period spent by a prisoner of war in confinement awaiting the disposal of an offence
p.(None): against discipline shall be reduced to an absolute minimum and shall not exceed fourteen days.
p.(None): The provisions of Articles 97 and 98 of this Chapter shall apply to prisoners of war who are in
p.(None): confinement awaiting the disposal of offences against discipline.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 96. Acts which constitute offences against discipline shall be investigated immediately.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Without prejudice to the competence of courts and superior military authorities, disciplinary
p.(None): punishment may be ordered only by an officer having disciplinary powers in his capacity as
p.(None): camp commander, or by a responsible officer who replaces him or to whom he has delegated
p.(None): his disciplinary powers.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In no case may such powers be delegated to a prisoner of war or be exercised by a prisoner of
p.(None): war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Before any disciplinary award is pronounced, the accused shall be given precise information
p.(None): regarding the offences of which he is accused, and given an opportunity of explaining his
p.(None): conduct and of defending himself. He shall be permitted, in particular, to call witnesses and to
p.(None): have recourse, if necessary, to the services of a qualified interpreter. The decision shall be
p.(None): announced to the accused prisoner of war and to the prisoners' representative.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A record of disciplinary punishments shall be maintained by the camp commander and shall be
p.(None): open to inspection by representatives of the Protecting Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 97. Prisoners of war shall not in any case be transferred to penitentiary establishments
p.(None): (prisons, penitentiaries, convict prisons, etc.) to undergo disciplinary punishment therein.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): All premises in which disciplinary punishments are undergone shall conform to the sanitary
p.(None): requirements set forth in Article 25. A prisoner of war undergoing punishment shall be enabled
p.(None): to keep himself in a state of cleanliness, in conformity with Article 29.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): be detained until the end of such proceedings, and, if necessary, until the completion of the
p.(None): punishment. The same shall apply to prisoners of war already convicted for an indictable
p.(None): offence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Parties to the conflict shall communicate to each other the names of any prisoners of war who
p.(None): are detained until the end of the proceedings or until punishment has been completed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): By agreement between the Parties to the conflict, commissions shall be established for the
p.(None): purpose of searching for dispersed prisoners of war and of assuring their repatriation with the
p.(None): least possible delay.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section III. Death of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 120. Wills of prisoners of war shall be drawn up so as to satisfy the conditions of validity
p.(None): required by the legislation of their country of origin, which will take steps to inform the Detaining
p.(None): Power of its requirements in this respect. At the request of the prisoner of war and, in all cases,
p.(None): after death, the will shall be transmitted without delay to the Protecting Power; a certified copy
p.(None): shall be sent to the Central Agency.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Death certificates, in the form annexed to the present Convention, or lists certified by a
p.(None): responsible officer, of all persons who die as prisoners of war shall be forwarded as rapidly as
p.(None): possible to the Prisoner of War Information Bureau established in accordance with Article 122.
p.(None): The death certificates or certified lists shall show particulars of identity as set out in the third
p.(None): paragraph of Article 17, and also the date and place of death, the cause of death, the date and
p.(None): place of burial and all particulars necessary to identify the graves.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The burial or cremation of a prisoner of war shall be preceded by a medical examination of the
p.(None): body with a view to confirming death and enabling a report to be made and, where necessary,
p.(None): establishing identity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The detaining authorities shall ensure that prisoners of war who have died in captivity are
p.(None): honourably buried, if possible according to the rites of the religion to which they belonged, and
p.(None): that their graves are respected, suitably maintained and marked so as to be found at any time.
p.(None): Wherever possible, deceased prisoners of war who depended on the same Power shall be
p.(None): interred in the same place.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Deceased prisoners of war shall be buried in individual graves unless unavoidable
p.(None): circumstances require the use of collective graves. Bodies may be cremated only for imperative
...
Social / Property Ownership
Searching for indicator home:
(return to top)
p.(None): that their graves are respected, suitably maintained and marked so as to be found at any time.
p.(None): Wherever possible, deceased prisoners of war who depended on the same Power shall be
p.(None): interred in the same place.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Deceased prisoners of war shall be buried in individual graves unless unavoidable
p.(None): circumstances require the use of collective graves. Bodies may be cremated only for imperative
p.(None): reasons of hygiene, on account of the religion of the deceased or in accordance with his
p.(None): express wish to this effect. In case of cremation, the fact shall be stated and the reasons given
p.(None): in the death certificate of the deceased.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In order that graves may always be found, all particulars of burials and graves shall be recorded
p.(None): with a Graves Registration Service established by the Detaining Power. Lists of graves and
p.(None): particulars of the prisoners of war interred in cemeteries and elsewhere shall be transmitted to
p.(None): the Power on which such prisoners of war depended. Responsibility for the care of these graves
p.(None): and for records of any subsequent moves of the bodies shall rest on the Power controlling the
p.(None): territory, if a Party to the present Convention. These provisions shall also apply to the ashes,
p.(None): which shall be kept by the Graves Registration Service until proper disposal thereof in
p.(None): accordance with the wishes of the home country.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 121. Every death or serious injury of a prisoner of war caused or suspected to have been
p.(None): caused by a sentry, another prisoner of war, or any other person, as well as any death the
p.(None): cause of which is unknown, shall be immediately followed by an official enquiry by the Detaining
p.(None): Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A communication on this subject shall be sent immediately to the Protecting Power. Statements
p.(None): shall be taken from witnesses, especially from those who are prisoners of war, and a report
p.(None): including such statements shall be forwarded to the Protecting Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If the enquiry indicates the guilt of one or more persons, the Detaining Power shall take all
p.(None): measures for the prosecution of the person or persons responsible.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): PART V. Information Bureaux and Relief Societies for Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 122. Upon the outbreak of a conflict and in all cases of occupation, each of the Parties to the
p.(None): conflict shall institute an official Information Bureau for prisoners of war who are in its power.
p.(None): Neutral or non-belligerent Powers who may have received within their territory persons
p.(None): belonging to one of the categories referred to in Article 4, shall take the same action with
p.(None): respect to such persons. The Power concerned shall ensure that the Prisoners of War
...
Searching for indicator property:
(return to top)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 47. Sick or wounded prisoners of war shall not be transferred as long as their recovery may
p.(None): be endangered by the journey, unless their safety imperatively demands it.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If the combat zone draws closer to a camp, the prisoners of war in the said camp shall not be
p.(None): transferred unless their transfer can be carried out in adequate conditions of safety, or unless
p.(None): they are exposed to greater risks by remaining on the spot than by being transferred.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 48. In the event of transfer, prisoners of war shall be officially advised of their departure and
p.(None): of their new postal address. Such notifications shall be given in time for them to pack their
p.(None): luggage and inform their next of kin.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): They shall be allowed to take with them their personal effects, and the correspondence and
p.(None): parcels which have arrived for them. The weight of such baggage may be limited, if the
p.(None): conditions of transfer so require, to what each prisoner can reasonably carry, which shall in no
p.(None): case be more than twenty-five kilograms per head.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Mail and parcels addressed to their former camp shall be forwarded to them without delay. The
p.(None): camp commander shall take, in agreement with the prisoners' representative, any measures
p.(None): needed to ensure the transport of the prisoners' community property and of the luggage they are
p.(None): unable to take with them in consequence of restrictions imposed by virtue of the second
p.(None): paragraph of this Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The costs of transfers shall be borne by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section III. Labour of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 49. The Detaining Power may utilize the labour of prisoners of war who are physically fit,
p.(None): taking into account their age, sex, rank and physical aptitude, and with a view particularly to
p.(None): maintaining them in a good state of physical and mental health.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Non-commissioned officers who are prisoners of war shall only be required to do supervisory
p.(None): work. Those not so required may ask for other suitable work which shall, so far as possible, be
p.(None): found for them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If officers or persons of equivalent status ask for suitable work, it shall be found for them, so far
p.(None): as possible, but they may in no circumstances be compelled to work.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 50. Besides work connected with camp administration, installation or maintenance, prisoners
p.(None): of war may be compelled to do only such work as is included in the following classes:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) agriculture;
p.(None): (b) industries connected with the production or the extraction of raw materials, and
p.(None): manufacturing industries, with the exception of metallurgical, machinery and chemical
...
p.(None): Regulations in Annex V of the present Convention.
p.(None): Art. 64 The Detaining Power shall hold an account for each prisoner of war, showing at least the
p.(None): following:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) The amounts due to the prisoner or received by him as advances of pay, as working pay or
p.(None): derived from any other source; the sums in the currency of the Detaining Power which were
p.(None): taken from him; the sums taken from him and converted at his request into the currency of the
p.(None): said Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) The payments made to the prisoner in cash, or in any other similar form; the payments made
p.(None): on his behalf and at his request; the sums transferred under Article 63, third paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 65. Every item entered in the account of a prisoner of war shall be countersigned or initialled
p.(None): by him, or by the prisoners' representative acting on his behalf.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall at all times be afforded reasonable facilities for consulting and obtaining
p.(None): copies of their accounts, which may likewise be inspected by the representatives of the
p.(None): Protecting Powers at the time of visits to the camp.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): When prisoners of war are transferred from one camp to another, their personal accounts will
p.(None): follow them. In case of transfer from one Detaining Power to another, the monies which are their
p.(None): property and are not in the currency of the Detaining Power will follow them. They shall be given
p.(None): certificates for any other monies standing to the credit of their accounts.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Parties to the conflict concerned may agree to notify to each other at specific intervals
p.(None): through the Protecting Power, the amount of the accounts of the prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 66. On the termination of captivity, through the release of a prisoner of war or his
p.(None): repatriation, the Detaining Power shall give him a statement, signed by an authorized officer of
p.(None): that Power, showing the credit balance then due to him. The Detaining Power shall also send
p.(None): through the Protecting Power to the government upon which the prisoner of war depends, lists
p.(None): giving all appropriate particulars of all prisoners of war whose captivity has been terminated by
p.(None): repatriation, release, escape, death or any other means, and showing the amount of their credit
p.(None): balances. Such lists shall be certified on each sheet by an authorized representative of the
p.(None): Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any of the above provisions of this Article may be varied by mutual agreement between any two
p.(None): Parties to the conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Power on which the prisoner of war depends shall be responsible for settling with him any
p.(None): credit balance due to him from the Detaining Power on the termination of his captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): his escape in the sense of Article 91 shall be liable only to a disciplinary punishment in respect
p.(None): of this act, even if it is a repeated offence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A prisoner of war who is recaptured shall be handed over without delay to the competent military
p.(None): authority.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 88, fourth paragraph, notwithstanding, prisoners of war punished as a result of an
p.(None): unsuccessful escape may be subjected to special surveillance. Such surveillance must not
p.(None): affect the state of their health, must be undergone in a prisoner of war camp, and must not entail
p.(None): the suppression of any of the safeguards granted them by the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 93. Escape or attempt to escape, even if it is a repeated offence, shall not be deemed an
p.(None): aggravating circumstance if the prisoner of war is subjected to trial by judicial proceedings in
p.(None): respect of an offence committed during his escape or attempt to escape.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In conformity with the principle stated in Article 83, offences committed by prisoners of war with
p.(None): the sole intention of facilitating their escape and which do not entail any violence against life or
p.(None): limb, such as offences against public property, theft without intention of self-enrichment, the
p.(None): drawing up or use of false papers, or the wearing of civilian clothing, shall occasion disciplinary
p.(None): punishment only.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who aid or abet an escape or an attempt to escape shall be liable on this count
p.(None): to disciplinary punishment only.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 94. If an escaped prisoner of war is recaptured, the Power on which he depends shall be
p.(None): notified thereof in the manner defined in Article 122, provided notification of his escape has
p.(None): been made.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 95. A prisoner of war accused of an offence against discipline shall not be kept in
p.(None): confinement pending the hearing unless a member of the armed forces of the Detaining Power
p.(None): would be so kept if he were accused of a similar offence, or if it is essential in the interests of
p.(None): camp order and discipline.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any period spent by a prisoner of war in confinement awaiting the disposal of an offence
p.(None): against discipline shall be reduced to an absolute minimum and shall not exceed fourteen days.
p.(None): The provisions of Articles 97 and 98 of this Chapter shall apply to prisoners of war who are in
p.(None): confinement awaiting the disposal of offences against discipline.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 96. Acts which constitute offences against discipline shall be investigated immediately.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): application thereof.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 129. The High Contracting Parties undertake to enact any legislation necessary to provide
p.(None): effective penal sanctions for persons committing, or ordering to be committed, any of the grave
p.(None): breaches of the present Convention defined in the following Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Each High Contracting Party shall be under the obligation to search for persons alleged to have
p.(None): committed. or to have ordered to be committed, such grave breaches, and shall bring such
p.(None): persons, regardless of their nationality, before its own courts. It may also, if it prefers, and in
p.(None): accordance with the provisions of its own legislation, hand such persons over for trial to another
p.(None): High Contracting Party concerned, provided such High Contracting Party has made out a prima
p.(None): facie case.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Each High Contracting Party shall take measures necessary for the suppression of all acts
p.(None): contrary to the provisions of the present Convention other than the grave breaches defined in
p.(None): the following Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In all circumstances, the accused persons shall benefit by safeguards of proper trial and
p.(None): defence, which shall not be less favourable than those provided by Article 105 and those
p.(None): following of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 130. Grave breaches to which the preceding Article relates shall be those involving any of
p.(None): the following acts, if committed against persons or property protected by the Convention: wilful
p.(None): killing, torture or inhuman treatment, including biological experiments, wilfully causing great
p.(None): suffering or serious injury to body or health, compelling a prisoner of war to serve in the forces
p.(None): of the hostile Power, or wilfully depriving a prisoner of war of the rights of fair and regular trial
p.(None): prescribed in this Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 131. No High Contracting Party shall be allowed to absolve itself or any other High
p.(None): Contracting Party of any liability incurred by itself or by another High Contracting Party in
p.(None): respect of breaches referred to in the preceding Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 132. At the request of a Party to the conflict, an enquiry shall be instituted, in a manner to be
p.(None): decided between the interested Parties, concerning any alleged violation of the Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If agreement has not been reached concerning the procedure for the enquiry, the Parties should
p.(None): agree on the choice of an umpire who will decide upon the procedure to be followed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Once the violation has been established, the Parties to the conflict shall put an end to it and
p.(None): shall repress it with the least possible delay.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section II. Final Provisions
p.(None): Art 133. The present Convention is established in English and in French. Both texts are equally
p.(None): authentic.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
Social / Racial Minority
Searching for indicator race:
(return to top)
p.(None): Convention shall apply to all cases of declared war or of any other armed conflict which may
p.(None): arise between two or more of the High Contracting Parties, even if the state of war is not
p.(None): recognized by one of them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Convention shall also apply to all cases of partial or total occupation of the territory of a
p.(None): High Contracting Party, even if the said occupation meets with no armed resistance.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Although one of the Powers in conflict may not be a party to the present Convention, the Powers
p.(None): who are parties thereto shall remain bound by it in their mutual relations. They shall furthermore
p.(None): be bound by the Convention in relation to the said Power, if the latter accepts and applies the
p.(None): provisions thereof.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 3. In the case of armed conflict not of an international character occurring in the territory of
p.(None): one of the High Contracting Parties, each Party to the conflict shall be bound to apply, as a
p.(None): minimum, the following
p.(None): provisions:
p.(None): (1) Persons taking no active part in the hostilities, including members of armed forces who have
p.(None): laid down their arms and those placed hors de combat by sickness, wounds, detention, or any
p.(None): other cause, shall in all circumstances be treated humanely, without any adverse distinction
p.(None): founded on race, colour, religion or faith, sex, birth or wealth, or any other similar criteria. To this
p.(None): end the following acts are and shall remain prohibited at any time and in any place whatsoever
p.(None): with respect to the above-mentioned persons:
p.(None): (a) violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds, mutilation, cruel treatment and
p.(None): torture;
p.(None): (b) taking of hostages;
p.(None): (c) outrages upon personal dignity, in particular, humiliating and degrading treatment;
p.(None): (d) the passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgment
p.(None): pronounced by a regularly constituted court affording all the judicial guarantees which are
p.(None): recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples.
p.(None): (2) The wounded and sick shall be collected and cared for.
p.(None): An impartial humanitarian body, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, may
p.(None): offer its services to the Parties to the conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Parties to the conflict should further endeavour to bring into force, by means of special
p.(None): agreements, all or part of the other provisions of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The application of the preceding provisions shall not affect the legal status of the Parties to the
p.(None): conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 4. A. Prisoners of war, in the sense of the present Convention, are persons belonging to one
p.(None): of the following categories, who have fallen into the power of the enemy:
...
p.(None):
p.(None): Measures of reprisal against prisoners of war are prohibited.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 14. Prisoners of war are entitled in all circumstances to respect for their persons and their
p.(None): honour.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Women shall be treated with all the regard due to their sex and shall in all cases benefit by
p.(None): treatment as favourable as that granted to men.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall retain the full civil capacity which they enjoyed at the time of their capture.
p.(None): The Detaining Power may not restrict the exercise, either within or without its own territory, of the
p.(None): rights such capacity confers except in so far as the captivity requires.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 15. The Power detaining prisoners of war shall be bound to provide free of charge for their
p.(None): maintenance and for the medical attention required by their state of health.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 16. Taking into consideration the provisions of the present Convention relating to rank and
p.(None): sex, and subject to any privileged treatment which may be accorded to them by reason of their
p.(None): state of health, age or professional qualifications, all prisoners of war shall be treated alike by
p.(None): the Detaining Power, without any adverse distinction based on race, nationality, religious belief
p.(None): or political opinions, or any other distinction founded on similar criteria.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part III. Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section 1. Beginning of Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 17. Every prisoner of war, when questioned on the subject, is bound to give only his
p.(None): surname, first names and rank, date of birth, and army, regimental, personal or serial number, or
p.(None): failing this, equivalent information.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If he wilfully infringes this rule, he may render himself liable to a restriction of the privileges
p.(None): accorded to his rank or status.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Each Party to a conflict is required to furnish the persons under its jurisdiction who are liable to
p.(None): become prisoners of war, with an identity card showing the owner's surname, first names, rank,
p.(None): army, regimental, personal or serial number or equivalent information, and date of birth. The
p.(None): identity card may, furthermore, bear the signature or the fingerprints, or both, of the owner, and
p.(None): may bear, as well, any other information the Party to the conflict may wish to add concerning
p.(None): persons belonging to its armed forces. As far as possible the card shall measure 6.5 x 10 cm.
...
Social / Religion
Searching for indicator faith:
(return to top)
p.(None): recognized by one of them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Convention shall also apply to all cases of partial or total occupation of the territory of a
p.(None): High Contracting Party, even if the said occupation meets with no armed resistance.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Although one of the Powers in conflict may not be a party to the present Convention, the Powers
p.(None): who are parties thereto shall remain bound by it in their mutual relations. They shall furthermore
p.(None): be bound by the Convention in relation to the said Power, if the latter accepts and applies the
p.(None): provisions thereof.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 3. In the case of armed conflict not of an international character occurring in the territory of
p.(None): one of the High Contracting Parties, each Party to the conflict shall be bound to apply, as a
p.(None): minimum, the following
p.(None): provisions:
p.(None): (1) Persons taking no active part in the hostilities, including members of armed forces who have
p.(None): laid down their arms and those placed hors de combat by sickness, wounds, detention, or any
p.(None): other cause, shall in all circumstances be treated humanely, without any adverse distinction
p.(None): founded on race, colour, religion or faith, sex, birth or wealth, or any other similar criteria. To this
p.(None): end the following acts are and shall remain prohibited at any time and in any place whatsoever
p.(None): with respect to the above-mentioned persons:
p.(None): (a) violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds, mutilation, cruel treatment and
p.(None): torture;
p.(None): (b) taking of hostages;
p.(None): (c) outrages upon personal dignity, in particular, humiliating and degrading treatment;
p.(None): (d) the passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgment
p.(None): pronounced by a regularly constituted court affording all the judicial guarantees which are
p.(None): recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples.
p.(None): (2) The wounded and sick shall be collected and cared for.
p.(None): An impartial humanitarian body, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, may
p.(None): offer its services to the Parties to the conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Parties to the conflict should further endeavour to bring into force, by means of special
p.(None): agreements, all or part of the other provisions of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The application of the preceding provisions shall not affect the legal status of the Parties to the
p.(None): conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 4. A. Prisoners of war, in the sense of the present Convention, are persons belonging to one
p.(None): of the following categories, who have fallen into the power of the enemy:
p.(None): (1) Members of the armed forces of a Party to the conflict, as well as members of militias or
...
p.(None): ArmedXForces in the Field of August 12, 1949. This senior medical officer, as well as chaplains,
p.(None): shall have the right to deal with the competent authorities of the camp on all questions relating
p.(None): to their duties. Such authorities shall afford them all necessary facilities for correspondence
p.(None): relating to these questions.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) Although they shall be subject to the internal discipline of the camp in which they are
p.(None): retained, such personnel may not be compelled to carry out any work other than that concerned
p.(None): with their medical or religious duties.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): During hostilities, the Parties to the conflict shall agree concerning the possible relief of retained
p.(None): personnel and shall settle the procedure to be followed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): None of the preceding provisions shall relieve the Detaining Power of its obligations with regard
p.(None): to prisoners of war from the medical or spiritual point of view.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter V. Religious, Intellectual and Physical Activities
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 34. Prisoners of war shall enjoy complete latitude in the exercise of their religious duties,
p.(None): including attendance at the service of their faith, on condition that they comply with the
p.(None): disciplinary routine prescribed by the military authorities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Adequate premises shall be provided where religious services may be held.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 35. Chaplains who fall into the hands of the enemy Power and who remain or are retained
p.(None): with a view to assisting prisoners of war, shall be allowed to minister to them and to exercise
p.(None): freely their ministry amongst prisoners of war of the same religion, in accordance with their
p.(None): religious conscience. They shall be allocated among the various camps and labour
p.(None): detachments containing prisoners of war belonging to the same forces, speaking the same
p.(None): language or practising the same religion. They shall enjoy the necessary facilities, including the
p.(None): means of transport provided for in Article 33, for visiting the prisoners of war outside their camp.
p.(None): They shall be free to correspond, subject to censorship, on matters concerning their religious
p.(None): duties with the ecclesiastical authorities in the country of detention and with international
p.(None): religious organizations. Letters and cards which they may send for this purpose shall be in
p.(None): addition to the quota provided for in Article 71.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 36. Prisoners of war who are ministers of religion, without having officiated as chaplains to
p.(None): their own forces, shall be at liberty, whatever their denomination, to minister freely to the
p.(None): members of their community. For this purpose, they shall receive the same treatment as the
p.(None): chaplains retained by the Detaining Power. They shall not be obliged to do any other work.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 37. When prisoners of war have not the assistance of a retained chaplain or of a prisoner of
p.(None): war minister of their faith, a minister belonging to the prisoners' or a similar denomination, or in
p.(None): his absence a qualified layman, if such a course is feasible from a confessional point of view,
p.(None): shall be appointed, at the request of the prisoners concerned, to fill this office. This appointment,
p.(None): subject to the approval of the Detaining Power, shall take place with the agreement of the
p.(None): community of prisoners concerned and, wherever necessary, with the approval of the local
p.(None): religious authorities of the same faith. The person thus appointed shall comply with all
p.(None): regulations established by the Detaining Power in the interests of discipline and military security.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 38. While respecting the individual preferences of every prisoner, the Detaining Power shall
p.(None): encourage the practice of intellectual, educational, and recreational pursuits, sports and games
p.(None): amongst prisoners, and shall take the measures necessary to ensure the exercise thereof by
p.(None): providing them with adequate premises and necessary equipment.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners shall have opportunities for taking physical exercise, including sports and games, and
p.(None): for being out of doors. Sufficient open spaces shall be provided for this purpose in all camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter VI. Discipline
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 39. Every prisoner of war camp shall be put under the immediate authority of a responsible
p.(None): commissioned officer belonging to the regular armed forces of the Detaining Power. Such officer
p.(None): shall have in his possession a copy of the present Convention; he shall ensure that its
p.(None): provisions are known to the camp staff and the guard and shall be responsible, under the
p.(None): direction of his government, for its application.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
Searching for indicator conviction:
(return to top)
p.(None): indicate whether he has the right of appeal with a view to the quashing of the sentence or the
p.(None): reopening of the trial. This communication shall likewise be sent to the prisoners' representative
p.(None): concerned. It shall also be sent to the accused prisoner of war in a language he understands, if
p.(None): the sentence was not pronounced in his presence. The Detaining Power shall also immediately
p.(None): communicate to the Protecting Power the decision of the prisoner of war to use or to waive his
p.(None): right of appeal.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Furthermore, if a prisoner of war is finally convicted or if a sentence pronounced on a prisoner of
p.(None): war in the first instance is a death sentence, the Detaining Power shall as soon as possible
p.(None): address to the Protecting Power a detailed communication containing:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) the precise wording of the finding and sentence;
p.(None): (2) a summarized report of any preliminary investigation and of the trial, emphasizing in
p.(None): particular the elements of the prosecution and the defence;
p.(None): (3) notification, where applicable, of the establishment where the sentence will be served.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The communications provided for in the foregoing sub-paragraphs shall be sent to the
p.(None): Protecting Power at the address previously made known to the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 108.Sentences pronounced on prisoners of war after a conviction has become duly
p.(None): enforceable, shall be served in the same establishments and under the same conditions as in
p.(None): the case of members of the armed forces of the Detaining Power. These conditions shall in all
p.(None): cases conform to the requirements of health and humanity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A woman prisoner of war on whom such a sentence has been pronounced shall be confined in
p.(None): separate quarters and shall be under the supervision of women.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In any case, prisoners of war sentenced to a penalty depriving them of their liberty shall retain
p.(None): the benefit of the provisions of Articles 78 and 126 of the present Convention. Furthermore, they
p.(None): shall be entitled to receive and despatch correspondence, to receive at least one relief parcel
p.(None): monthly, to take regular exercise in the open air, to have the medical care required by their state
p.(None): of health, and the spiritual assistance they may desire. Penalties to which they may be
p.(None): subjected shall be in accordance with the provisions of Article 87, third paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part IV. Termination of Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section I. Direct Repatriation and Accommodation in Neutral Countries
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 109. Subject to the provisions of the third paragraph of this Article, Parties to the conflict are
p.(None): bound to send back to their own country, regardless of number or rank, seriously wounded and
...
p.(None): recognized by the said Power and giving assistance to the prisoners.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who do not belong to one of the three foregoing categories may nevertheless
p.(None): present themselves for examination by Mixed Medical Commissions, but shall be examined only
p.(None): after those belonging to the said categories.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The physician or surgeon of the same nationality as the prisoners who present themselves for
p.(None): examination by the Mixed Medical Commission, likewise the prisoners' representative of the
p.(None): said prisoners, shall have permission to be present at the examination.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 114. Prisoners of war who meet with accidents shall, unless the injury is self-inflicted, have
p.(None): the benefit of the provisions of this Convention as regards repatriation or accommodation in a
p.(None): neutral country.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 115. No prisoner of war on whom a disciplinary punishment has been imposed and who is
p.(None): eligible for repatriation or for accommodation in a neutral country, may be kept back on the plea
p.(None): that he has not undergone his punishment.
p.(None): Prisoners of war detained in connection with a judicial prosecution or conviction, and who are
p.(None): designated for repatriation or accommodation in a neutral country, may benefit by such
p.(None): measures before the end of the proceedings or the completion of the punishment, if the
p.(None): Detaining Power consents.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Parties to the conflict shall communicate to each other the names of those who will be detained
p.(None): until the end of the proceedings or the completion of the punishment.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 116. The cost of repatriating prisoners of war or of transporting them to a neutral country
p.(None): shall be borne, from the frontiers of the Detaining Power, by the Power on which the said
p.(None): prisoners depend.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 117. No repatriated person may be employed on active military service.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section II. Release and Repatriation of Prisoners of War at the Close of Hostilities
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 118. Prisoners of war shall be released and repatriated without delay after the cessation of
p.(None): active hostilities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In the absence of stipulations to the above effect in any agreement concluded between the
p.(None): Parties to the conflict with a view to the cessation of hostilities, or failing any such agreement,
p.(None): each of the Detaining Powers shall itself establish and execute without delay a plan of
p.(None): repatriation in conformity with the principle laid down in the foregoing paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
Searching for indicator religion:
(return to top)
p.(None): Convention shall apply to all cases of declared war or of any other armed conflict which may
p.(None): arise between two or more of the High Contracting Parties, even if the state of war is not
p.(None): recognized by one of them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Convention shall also apply to all cases of partial or total occupation of the territory of a
p.(None): High Contracting Party, even if the said occupation meets with no armed resistance.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Although one of the Powers in conflict may not be a party to the present Convention, the Powers
p.(None): who are parties thereto shall remain bound by it in their mutual relations. They shall furthermore
p.(None): be bound by the Convention in relation to the said Power, if the latter accepts and applies the
p.(None): provisions thereof.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 3. In the case of armed conflict not of an international character occurring in the territory of
p.(None): one of the High Contracting Parties, each Party to the conflict shall be bound to apply, as a
p.(None): minimum, the following
p.(None): provisions:
p.(None): (1) Persons taking no active part in the hostilities, including members of armed forces who have
p.(None): laid down their arms and those placed hors de combat by sickness, wounds, detention, or any
p.(None): other cause, shall in all circumstances be treated humanely, without any adverse distinction
p.(None): founded on race, colour, religion or faith, sex, birth or wealth, or any other similar criteria. To this
p.(None): end the following acts are and shall remain prohibited at any time and in any place whatsoever
p.(None): with respect to the above-mentioned persons:
p.(None): (a) violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds, mutilation, cruel treatment and
p.(None): torture;
p.(None): (b) taking of hostages;
p.(None): (c) outrages upon personal dignity, in particular, humiliating and degrading treatment;
p.(None): (d) the passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgment
p.(None): pronounced by a regularly constituted court affording all the judicial guarantees which are
p.(None): recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples.
p.(None): (2) The wounded and sick shall be collected and cared for.
p.(None): An impartial humanitarian body, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, may
p.(None): offer its services to the Parties to the conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Parties to the conflict should further endeavour to bring into force, by means of special
p.(None): agreements, all or part of the other provisions of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The application of the preceding provisions shall not affect the legal status of the Parties to the
p.(None): conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 4. A. Prisoners of war, in the sense of the present Convention, are persons belonging to one
p.(None): of the following categories, who have fallen into the power of the enemy:
...
p.(None): personnel and shall settle the procedure to be followed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): None of the preceding provisions shall relieve the Detaining Power of its obligations with regard
p.(None): to prisoners of war from the medical or spiritual point of view.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter V. Religious, Intellectual and Physical Activities
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 34. Prisoners of war shall enjoy complete latitude in the exercise of their religious duties,
p.(None): including attendance at the service of their faith, on condition that they comply with the
p.(None): disciplinary routine prescribed by the military authorities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Adequate premises shall be provided where religious services may be held.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 35. Chaplains who fall into the hands of the enemy Power and who remain or are retained
p.(None): with a view to assisting prisoners of war, shall be allowed to minister to them and to exercise
p.(None): freely their ministry amongst prisoners of war of the same religion, in accordance with their
p.(None): religious conscience. They shall be allocated among the various camps and labour
p.(None): detachments containing prisoners of war belonging to the same forces, speaking the same
p.(None): language or practising the same religion. They shall enjoy the necessary facilities, including the
p.(None): means of transport provided for in Article 33, for visiting the prisoners of war outside their camp.
p.(None): They shall be free to correspond, subject to censorship, on matters concerning their religious
p.(None): duties with the ecclesiastical authorities in the country of detention and with international
p.(None): religious organizations. Letters and cards which they may send for this purpose shall be in
p.(None): addition to the quota provided for in Article 71.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 36. Prisoners of war who are ministers of religion, without having officiated as chaplains to
p.(None): their own forces, shall be at liberty, whatever their denomination, to minister freely to the
p.(None): members of their community. For this purpose, they shall receive the same treatment as the
p.(None): chaplains retained by the Detaining Power. They shall not be obliged to do any other work.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 37. When prisoners of war have not the assistance of a retained chaplain or of a prisoner of
p.(None): war minister of their faith, a minister belonging to the prisoners' or a similar denomination, or in
p.(None): his absence a qualified layman, if such a course is feasible from a confessional point of view,
p.(None): shall be appointed, at the request of the prisoners concerned, to fill this office. This appointment,
p.(None): subject to the approval of the Detaining Power, shall take place with the agreement of the
p.(None): community of prisoners concerned and, wherever necessary, with the approval of the local
p.(None): religious authorities of the same faith. The person thus appointed shall comply with all
p.(None): regulations established by the Detaining Power in the interests of discipline and military security.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): required by the legislation of their country of origin, which will take steps to inform the Detaining
p.(None): Power of its requirements in this respect. At the request of the prisoner of war and, in all cases,
p.(None): after death, the will shall be transmitted without delay to the Protecting Power; a certified copy
p.(None): shall be sent to the Central Agency.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Death certificates, in the form annexed to the present Convention, or lists certified by a
p.(None): responsible officer, of all persons who die as prisoners of war shall be forwarded as rapidly as
p.(None): possible to the Prisoner of War Information Bureau established in accordance with Article 122.
p.(None): The death certificates or certified lists shall show particulars of identity as set out in the third
p.(None): paragraph of Article 17, and also the date and place of death, the cause of death, the date and
p.(None): place of burial and all particulars necessary to identify the graves.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The burial or cremation of a prisoner of war shall be preceded by a medical examination of the
p.(None): body with a view to confirming death and enabling a report to be made and, where necessary,
p.(None): establishing identity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The detaining authorities shall ensure that prisoners of war who have died in captivity are
p.(None): honourably buried, if possible according to the rites of the religion to which they belonged, and
p.(None): that their graves are respected, suitably maintained and marked so as to be found at any time.
p.(None): Wherever possible, deceased prisoners of war who depended on the same Power shall be
p.(None): interred in the same place.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Deceased prisoners of war shall be buried in individual graves unless unavoidable
p.(None): circumstances require the use of collective graves. Bodies may be cremated only for imperative
p.(None): reasons of hygiene, on account of the religion of the deceased or in accordance with his
p.(None): express wish to this effect. In case of cremation, the fact shall be stated and the reasons given
p.(None): in the death certificate of the deceased.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In order that graves may always be found, all particulars of burials and graves shall be recorded
p.(None): with a Graves Registration Service established by the Detaining Power. Lists of graves and
p.(None): particulars of the prisoners of war interred in cemeteries and elsewhere shall be transmitted to
p.(None): the Power on which such prisoners of war depended. Responsibility for the care of these graves
p.(None): and for records of any subsequent moves of the bodies shall rest on the Power controlling the
p.(None): territory, if a Party to the present Convention. These provisions shall also apply to the ashes,
p.(None): which shall be kept by the Graves Registration Service until proper disposal thereof in
p.(None): accordance with the wishes of the home country.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 121. Every death or serious injury of a prisoner of war caused or suspected to have been
p.(None): caused by a sentry, another prisoner of war, or any other person, as well as any death the
p.(None): cause of which is unknown, shall be immediately followed by an official enquiry by the Detaining
p.(None): Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A communication on this subject shall be sent immediately to the Protecting Power. Statements
...
Searching for indicator religious:
(return to top)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 14. Prisoners of war are entitled in all circumstances to respect for their persons and their
p.(None): honour.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Women shall be treated with all the regard due to their sex and shall in all cases benefit by
p.(None): treatment as favourable as that granted to men.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall retain the full civil capacity which they enjoyed at the time of their capture.
p.(None): The Detaining Power may not restrict the exercise, either within or without its own territory, of the
p.(None): rights such capacity confers except in so far as the captivity requires.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 15. The Power detaining prisoners of war shall be bound to provide free of charge for their
p.(None): maintenance and for the medical attention required by their state of health.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 16. Taking into consideration the provisions of the present Convention relating to rank and
p.(None): sex, and subject to any privileged treatment which may be accorded to them by reason of their
p.(None): state of health, age or professional qualifications, all prisoners of war shall be treated alike by
p.(None): the Detaining Power, without any adverse distinction based on race, nationality, religious belief
p.(None): or political opinions, or any other distinction founded on similar criteria.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part III. Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section 1. Beginning of Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 17. Every prisoner of war, when questioned on the subject, is bound to give only his
p.(None): surname, first names and rank, date of birth, and army, regimental, personal or serial number, or
p.(None): failing this, equivalent information.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If he wilfully infringes this rule, he may render himself liable to a restriction of the privileges
p.(None): accorded to his rank or status.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Each Party to a conflict is required to furnish the persons under its jurisdiction who are liable to
p.(None): become prisoners of war, with an identity card showing the owner's surname, first names, rank,
p.(None): army, regimental, personal or serial number or equivalent information, and date of birth. The
p.(None): identity card may, furthermore, bear the signature or the fingerprints, or both, of the owner, and
p.(None): may bear, as well, any other information the Party to the conflict may wish to add concerning
p.(None): persons belonging to its armed forces. As far as possible the card shall measure 6.5 x 10 cm.
p.(None): and shall be issued in duplicate. The identity card shall be shown by the prisoner of war upon
...
p.(None): venereal disease. For this purpose the most efficient methods available shall be employed, e.g.
p.(None): periodic mass miniature radiography for the early detection of tuberculosis.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 32. Prisoners of war who, though not attached to the medical service of their armed forces,
p.(None): are physicians, surgeons, dentists, nurses or medical orderlies, may be required by the
p.(None): Detaining Power to exercise their medical functions in the interests of prisoners of war
p.(None): dependent on the same Power. In that case they shall continue to be prisoners of war, but shall
p.(None): receive the same treatment as corresponding medical personnel retained by the Detaining
p.(None): Power. They shall be exempted from any other work under Article 49.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter IV. Medical Personnel and Chaplains Retained to Assist Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 33. Members of the medical personnel and chaplains while retained by the Detaining Power
p.(None): with a view to assisting prisoners of war, shall not be considered as prisoners of war. They shall,
p.(None): however, receive as a minimum the benefits and protection of the present Convention, and shall
p.(None): also be granted all facilities necessary to provide for the medical care of, and religious
p.(None): ministration to prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): They shall continue to exercise their medical and spiritual functions for the benefit of prisoners
p.(None): of war, preferably those belonging to the armed forces upon which they depend, within the
p.(None): scope of the military laws and regulations of the Detaining Power and under the control of its
p.(None): competent services, in accordance with their professional etiquette. They shall also benefit by
p.(None): the following facilities in the exercise of their medical
p.(None): or spiritual functions:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) They shall be authorized to visit periodically prisoners of war situated in working
p.(None): detachments or in hospitals outside the camp. For this purpose, the Detaining Power shall place
p.(None): at their disposal the necessary means of transport.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) The senior medical officer in each camp shall be responsible to the camp military authorities
p.(None): for everything connected with the activities of retained medical personnel. For this purpose,
p.(None): Parties to the conflict shall agree at the outbreak of hostilities on the subject of the
p.(None): corresponding ranks of the medical personnel, including that of societies mentioned in Article 26
p.(None): of the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in
p.(None): ArmedXForces in the Field of August 12, 1949. This senior medical officer, as well as chaplains,
p.(None): shall have the right to deal with the competent authorities of the camp on all questions relating
p.(None): to their duties. Such authorities shall afford them all necessary facilities for correspondence
p.(None): relating to these questions.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) Although they shall be subject to the internal discipline of the camp in which they are
p.(None): retained, such personnel may not be compelled to carry out any work other than that concerned
p.(None): with their medical or religious duties.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): During hostilities, the Parties to the conflict shall agree concerning the possible relief of retained
p.(None): personnel and shall settle the procedure to be followed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): None of the preceding provisions shall relieve the Detaining Power of its obligations with regard
p.(None): to prisoners of war from the medical or spiritual point of view.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter V. Religious, Intellectual and Physical Activities
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 34. Prisoners of war shall enjoy complete latitude in the exercise of their religious duties,
p.(None): including attendance at the service of their faith, on condition that they comply with the
p.(None): disciplinary routine prescribed by the military authorities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Adequate premises shall be provided where religious services may be held.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 35. Chaplains who fall into the hands of the enemy Power and who remain or are retained
p.(None): with a view to assisting prisoners of war, shall be allowed to minister to them and to exercise
p.(None): freely their ministry amongst prisoners of war of the same religion, in accordance with their
p.(None): religious conscience. They shall be allocated among the various camps and labour
p.(None): detachments containing prisoners of war belonging to the same forces, speaking the same
p.(None): language or practising the same religion. They shall enjoy the necessary facilities, including the
p.(None): means of transport provided for in Article 33, for visiting the prisoners of war outside their camp.
p.(None): They shall be free to correspond, subject to censorship, on matters concerning their religious
p.(None): duties with the ecclesiastical authorities in the country of detention and with international
p.(None): religious organizations. Letters and cards which they may send for this purpose shall be in
p.(None): addition to the quota provided for in Article 71.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 36. Prisoners of war who are ministers of religion, without having officiated as chaplains to
p.(None): their own forces, shall be at liberty, whatever their denomination, to minister freely to the
p.(None): members of their community. For this purpose, they shall receive the same treatment as the
p.(None): chaplains retained by the Detaining Power. They shall not be obliged to do any other work.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 37. When prisoners of war have not the assistance of a retained chaplain or of a prisoner of
p.(None): war minister of their faith, a minister belonging to the prisoners' or a similar denomination, or in
p.(None): his absence a qualified layman, if such a course is feasible from a confessional point of view,
p.(None): shall be appointed, at the request of the prisoners concerned, to fill this office. This appointment,
p.(None): subject to the approval of the Detaining Power, shall take place with the agreement of the
p.(None): community of prisoners concerned and, wherever necessary, with the approval of the local
p.(None): religious authorities of the same faith. The person thus appointed shall comply with all
p.(None): regulations established by the Detaining Power in the interests of discipline and military security.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 38. While respecting the individual preferences of every prisoner, the Detaining Power shall
p.(None): encourage the practice of intellectual, educational, and recreational pursuits, sports and games
p.(None): amongst prisoners, and shall take the measures necessary to ensure the exercise thereof by
p.(None): providing them with adequate premises and necessary equipment.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners shall have opportunities for taking physical exercise, including sports and games, and
p.(None): for being out of doors. Sufficient open spaces shall be provided for this purpose in all camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter VI. Discipline
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 39. Every prisoner of war camp shall be put under the immediate authority of a responsible
p.(None): commissioned officer belonging to the regular armed forces of the Detaining Power. Such officer
p.(None): shall have in his possession a copy of the present Convention; he shall ensure that its
p.(None): provisions are known to the camp staff and the guard and shall be responsible, under the
...
p.(None): cards must be conveyed by the most rapid method at the disposal of the Detaining Power; they
p.(None): may not be delayed or retained for
p.(None): disciplinary reasons.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who have been without news for a long period, or who are unable to receive
p.(None): news from their next of kin or to give them news by the ordinary postal route, as well as those
p.(None): who are at a great distance from their homes, shall be permitted to send telegrams, the fees
p.(None): being charged against the prisoners of war's accounts with the Detaining Power or paid in the
p.(None): currency at their disposal. They shall likewise benefit by this measure in cases of urgency.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): As a general rule, the correspondence of prisoners of war shall be written in their native
p.(None): language. The Parties to the conflict may allow correspondence in other languages.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Sacks containing prisoner of war mail must be securely sealed and labelled so as clearly to
p.(None): indicate their contents, and must be addressed to offices of destination.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 72. Prisoners of war shall be allowed to receive by post or by any other means individual
p.(None): parcels or collective shipments containing, in particular, foodstuffs, clothing, medical supplies
p.(None): and articles of a religious, educational or recreational character which may meet their needs,
p.(None): including books, devotional articles, scientific equipment, examination papers, musical
p.(None): instruments, sports outfits and materials allowing prisoners of war to pursue their studies or their
p.(None): cultural activities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Such shipments shall in no way free the Detaining Power from the obligations imposed upon it
p.(None): by virtue of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The only limits which may be placed on these shipments shall be those proposed by the
p.(None): Protecting Power in the interest of the prisoners themselves, or by the International Committee
p.(None): of the Red Cross or any other organization giving assistance to the prisoners, in respect of their
p.(None): own shipments only, on account of exceptional strain on transport or communications.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The conditions for the sending of individual parcels and collective relief shall, if necessary, be
p.(None): the subject of special agreements between the Powers concerned, which may in no case delay
p.(None): the receipt by the prisoners of relief supplies. Books may not be included in parcels of clothing
p.(None): and foodstuffs. Medical supplies shall, as a rule, be sent in collective parcels.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 73. In the absence of special agreements between the Powers concerned on the conditions
p.(None): for the receipt and distribution of collective relief shipments, the rules and regulations concerning
...
p.(None): The International Committee of the Red Cross shall, if it deems necessary, propose to the
p.(None): Powers concerned the organization of such an Agency.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The function of the Agency shall be to collect all the information it may obtain through official or
p.(None): private channels respecting prisoners of war, and to transmit it as rapidly as possible to the
p.(None): country of origin of the prisoners of war or to the Power on which they depend. It shall receive
p.(None): from the Parties to the conflict all facilities for effecting such transmissions.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The High Contracting Parties, and in particular those whose nationals benefit by the services of
p.(None): the Central Agency, are requested to give the said Agency the financial aid it may require.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The foregoing provisions shall in no way be interpreted as restricting the humanitarian activities
p.(None): of the International Committee of the Red Cross, or of the relief societies provided for in Article
p.(None): 125.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 124. The national Information Bureaux and the Central Information Agency shall enjoy free
p.(None): postage for mail, likewise all the exemptions provided for in Article 74, and further, so far as
p.(None): possible, exemption from telegraphic charges or, at least, greatly reduced rates.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 125. Subject to the measures which the Detaining Powers may consider essential to ensure
p.(None): their security or to meet any other reasonable need, the representatives of religious
p.(None): organizations, relief societies, or any other organization assisting prisoners of war, shall receive
p.(None): from the said Powers, for themselves and their duly accredited agents, all necessary facilities for
p.(None): visiting the prisoners, for distributing relief supplies and material, from any source, intended for
p.(None): religious, educational or recreative purposes, and for assisting them in organizing their leisure
p.(None): time within the camps. Such societies or organizations may be constituted in the territory of the
p.(None): Detaining Power or in any other country, or they may have an international character.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power may limit the number of societies and organizations whose delegates are
p.(None): allowed to carry out their activities in its territory and under its supervision, on condition,
p.(None): however, that such limitation shall not hinder the effective operation of adequate relief to all
p.(None): prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The special position of the International Committee of the Red Cross in this field shall be
p.(None): recognized and respected at all times.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): As soon as relief supplies or material intended for the above-mentioned purposes are handed
p.(None): over to prisoners of war, or very shortly afterwards, receipts for each consignment, signed by
p.(None): the prisoners' representative, shall be forwarded to the relief society or organization making the
p.(None): shipment. At the same time, receipts for these consignments shall be supplied by the
p.(None): administrative authorities responsible for guarding the prisoners.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part VI. Execution of the Convention
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section I. General Provisions
p.(None): Art 126. Representatives or delegates of the Protecting Powers shall have permission to go to all
...
Social / Soldier
Searching for indicator armed forces:
(return to top)
p.(None): Documents Part I. General Provisions
p.(None): By date
p.(None): Art 1. The High Contracting Parties undertake to respect and to ensure respect for the present
p.(None): By topic
p.(None): Convention in all circumstances.
p.(None): By State
p.(None): Art 2. In addition to the provisions which shall be implemented in peace time, the present
p.(None): Convention shall apply to all cases of declared war or of any other armed conflict which may
p.(None): arise between two or more of the High Contracting Parties, even if the state of war is not
p.(None): recognized by one of them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Convention shall also apply to all cases of partial or total occupation of the territory of a
p.(None): High Contracting Party, even if the said occupation meets with no armed resistance.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Although one of the Powers in conflict may not be a party to the present Convention, the Powers
p.(None): who are parties thereto shall remain bound by it in their mutual relations. They shall furthermore
p.(None): be bound by the Convention in relation to the said Power, if the latter accepts and applies the
p.(None): provisions thereof.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 3. In the case of armed conflict not of an international character occurring in the territory of
p.(None): one of the High Contracting Parties, each Party to the conflict shall be bound to apply, as a
p.(None): minimum, the following
p.(None): provisions:
p.(None): (1) Persons taking no active part in the hostilities, including members of armed forces who have
p.(None): laid down their arms and those placed hors de combat by sickness, wounds, detention, or any
p.(None): other cause, shall in all circumstances be treated humanely, without any adverse distinction
p.(None): founded on race, colour, religion or faith, sex, birth or wealth, or any other similar criteria. To this
p.(None): end the following acts are and shall remain prohibited at any time and in any place whatsoever
p.(None): with respect to the above-mentioned persons:
p.(None): (a) violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds, mutilation, cruel treatment and
p.(None): torture;
p.(None): (b) taking of hostages;
p.(None): (c) outrages upon personal dignity, in particular, humiliating and degrading treatment;
p.(None): (d) the passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgment
p.(None): pronounced by a regularly constituted court affording all the judicial guarantees which are
p.(None): recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples.
p.(None): (2) The wounded and sick shall be collected and cared for.
p.(None): An impartial humanitarian body, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, may
p.(None): offer its services to the Parties to the conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Parties to the conflict should further endeavour to bring into force, by means of special
p.(None): agreements, all or part of the other provisions of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The application of the preceding provisions shall not affect the legal status of the Parties to the
p.(None): conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 4. A. Prisoners of war, in the sense of the present Convention, are persons belonging to one
p.(None): of the following categories, who have fallen into the power of the enemy:
p.(None): (1) Members of the armed forces of a Party to the conflict, as well as members of militias or
p.(None): volunteer corps forming part of such armed forces.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Members of other militias and members of other volunteer corps, including those of
p.(None): organized resistance movements, belonging to a Party to the conflict and operating in or outside
p.(None): their own territory, even if this territory is occupied, provided that such militias or volunteer corps,
p.(None): including such organized resistance movements, fulfil the following conditions:
p.(None): (a) that of being commanded by a person responsible for his subordinates;
p.(None): (b) that of having a fixed distinctive sign recognizable at a distance;
p.(None): (c) that of carrying arms openly;
p.(None): (d) that of conducting their operations in accordance with the laws and customs of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Members of regular armed forces who profess allegiance to a government or an authority not
p.(None): recognized by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (4) Persons who accompany the armed forces without actually being members thereof, such as
p.(None): civilian members of military aircraft crews, war correspondents, supply contractors, members of
p.(None): labour units or of services responsible for the welfare of the armed forces, provided that they
p.(None): have received authorization, from the armed forces which they accompany, who shall provide
p.(None): them for that purpose with an identity card similar to the annexed model.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (5) Members of crews, including masters, pilots and apprentices, of the merchant marine and
p.(None): the crews of civil aircraft of the Parties to the conflict, who do not benefit by more favourable
p.(None): treatment under any other provisions of international law.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (6) Inhabitants of a non-occupied territory, who on the approach of the enemy spontaneously
p.(None): take up arms to resist the invading forces, without having had time to form themselves into
p.(None): regular armed units, provided they carry arms openly and respect the laws and customs of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): B. The following shall likewise be treated as prisoners of war under the present Convention:
p.(None): (1) Persons belonging, or having belonged, to the armed forces of the occupied country, if the
p.(None): occupying Power considers it necessary by reason of such allegiance to intern them, even
p.(None): though it has originally liberated them while hostilities were going on outside the territory it
p.(None): occupies, in particular where such persons have made an unsuccessful attempt to rejoin the
p.(None): armed forces to which they belong and which are engaged in combat, or where they fail to
p.(None): comply with a summons made to them with a view to internment.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) The persons belonging to one of the categories enumerated in the present Article, who have
p.(None): been received by neutral or non-belligerent Powers on their territory and whom these Powers
p.(None): are required to intern under international law, without prejudice to any more favourable
p.(None): treatment which these Powers may choose to give and with the exception of Articles 8, 10, 15,
p.(None): 30, fifth paragraph, 58-67, 92, 126 and, where diplomatic relations exist between the Parties to
p.(None): the conflict and the neutral or non-belligerent Power concerned, those Articles concerning the
p.(None): Protecting Power. Where such diplomatic relations exist, the Parties to a conflict on whom these
p.(None): persons depend shall be allowed to perform towards them the functions of a Protecting Power
p.(None): as provided in the present Convention, without prejudice to the functions which these Parties
p.(None): normally exercise in conformity with diplomatic and consular usage and treaties.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): C. This Article shall in no way affect the status of medical personnel and chaplains as provided
p.(None): for in Article 33 of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 5. The present Convention shall apply to the persons referred to in Article 4 from the time
p.(None): they fall into the power of the enemy and until their final release and repatriation.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Should any doubt arise as to whether persons, having committed a belligerent act and having
p.(None): fallen into the hands of the enemy, belong to any of the categories enumerated in Article 4, such
...
p.(None): or political opinions, or any other distinction founded on similar criteria.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part III. Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section 1. Beginning of Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 17. Every prisoner of war, when questioned on the subject, is bound to give only his
p.(None): surname, first names and rank, date of birth, and army, regimental, personal or serial number, or
p.(None): failing this, equivalent information.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If he wilfully infringes this rule, he may render himself liable to a restriction of the privileges
p.(None): accorded to his rank or status.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Each Party to a conflict is required to furnish the persons under its jurisdiction who are liable to
p.(None): become prisoners of war, with an identity card showing the owner's surname, first names, rank,
p.(None): army, regimental, personal or serial number or equivalent information, and date of birth. The
p.(None): identity card may, furthermore, bear the signature or the fingerprints, or both, of the owner, and
p.(None): may bear, as well, any other information the Party to the conflict may wish to add concerning
p.(None): persons belonging to its armed forces. As far as possible the card shall measure 6.5 x 10 cm.
p.(None): and shall be issued in duplicate. The identity card shall be shown by the prisoner of war upon
p.(None): demand, but may in no case be taken away from him.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No physical or mental torture, nor any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on prisoners of
p.(None): war to secure from them information of any kind whatever. Prisoners of war who refuse to
p.(None): answer may not be threatened, insulted, or exposed to unpleasant or disadvantageous
p.(None): treatment of any kind.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who, owing to their physical or mental condition, are unable to state their
p.(None): identity, shall be handed over to the medical service. The identity of such prisoners shall be
p.(None): established by all possible means, subject to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The questioning of prisoners of war shall be carried out in a language which they understand.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 18. All effects and articles of personal use, except arms, horses, military equipment and
...
p.(None): promise. Prisoners of war who are paroled or who have given their promise in conformity with
p.(None): the laws and regulations so notified, are bound on their personal honour scrupulously to fulfil,
p.(None): both towards the Power on which they depend and towards the Power which has captured them,
p.(None): the engagements of their paroles or promises. In such cases, the Power on which they depend
p.(None): is bound neither to require nor to accept from them any service incompatible with the parole or
p.(None): promise given.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 22. Prisoners of war may be interned only in premises located on land and affording every
p.(None): guarantee of hygiene and healthfulness. Except in particular cases which are justified by the
p.(None): interest of the prisoners themselves, they shall not be interned in penitentiaries.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war interned in unhealthy areas, or where the climate is injurious for them, shall be
p.(None): removed as soon as possible to a more favourable climate.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power shall assemble prisoners of war in camps or camp compounds according
p.(None): to their nationality, language and customs, provided that such prisoners shall not be separated
p.(None): from prisoners of war belonging to the armed forces with which they were serving at the time of
p.(None): their capture, except with their consent.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 23. No prisoner of war may at any time be sent to, or detained in areas where he may be
p.(None): exposed to the fire of the combat zone, nor may his presence be used to render certain points
p.(None): or areas immune from military operations.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall have shelters against air bombardment and other hazards of war, to the
p.(None): same extent as the local civilian population. With the exception of those engaged in the
p.(None): protection of their quarters against the aforesaid hazards, they may enter such shelters as soon
p.(None): as possible after the giving of the alarm. Any other protective measure taken in favour of the
p.(None): population shall also apply to them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Detaining Powers shall give the Powers concerned, through the intermediary of the Protecting
p.(None): Powers, all useful information regarding the geographical location of prisoner of war camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Whenever military considerations permit, prisoner of war camps shall be indicated in the day-
p.(None): time by the letters PW or PG, placed so as to be clearly visible from the air. The Powers
...
p.(None): Art 26. The basic daily food rations shall be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep
p.(None): prisoners of war in good health and to prevent loss of weight or the development of nutritional
p.(None): deficiencies. Account shall also be taken of the habitual diet of the prisoners.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power shall supply prisoners of war who work with such additional rations as are
p.(None): necessary for the labour on which they are employed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Sufficient drinking water shall be supplied to prisoners of war. The use of tobacco shall be
p.(None): permitted.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall, as far as possible, be associated with the preparation of their meals; they
p.(None): may be employed for that purpose in the kitchens. Furthermore, they shall be given the means
p.(None): of preparing, themselves, the additional food in their possession.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Adequate premises shall be provided for messing.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Collective disciplinary measures affecting food are prohibited.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 27. Clothing, underwear and footwear shall be supplied to prisoners of war in sufficient
p.(None): quantities by the Detaining Power, which shall make allowance for the climate of the region
p.(None): where the prisoners are detained. Uniforms of enemy armed forces captured by the Detaining
p.(None): Power should, if suitable for the climate, be made available to clothe prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The regular replacement and repair of the above articles shall be assured by the Detaining
p.(None): Power. In addition, prisoners of war who work shall receive appropriate clothing, wherever the
p.(None): nature of the work demands.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 28. Canteens shall be installed in all camps, where prisoners of war may procure foodstuffs,
p.(None): soap and tobacco and ordinary articles in daily use. The tariff shall never be in excess of local
p.(None): market prices.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The profits made by camp canteens shall be used for the benefit of the prisoners; a special fund
p.(None): shall be created for this purpose. The prisoners' representative shall have the right to
p.(None): collaborate in the management of the canteen and of this fund.
p.(None): When a camp is closed down, the credit balance of the special fund shall be handed to an
p.(None): international welfare organization, to be employed for the benefit of prisoners of war of the same
p.(None): nationality as those who have contributed to the fund. In case of a general repatriation, such
p.(None): profits shall be kept by the Detaining Power, subject to any agreement to the contrary between
p.(None): the Powers concerned.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter III. Hygene and Medical Attention
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): for examination. The detaining authorities shall, upon request, issue to every prisoner who has
p.(None): undergone treatment, an official certificate indicating the nature of his illness or injury, and the
p.(None): duration and kind of treatment received. A duplicate of this certificate shall be forwarded to the
p.(None): Central Prisoners of War Agency.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The costs of treatment, including those of any apparatus necessary for the maintenance of
p.(None): prisoners of war in good health, particularly dentures and other artificial appliances, and
p.(None): spectacles, shall be borne by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 31. Medical inspections of prisoners of war shall be held at least once a month. They shall
p.(None): include the checking and the recording of the weight of each prisoner of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Their purpose shall be, in particular, to supervise the general state of health, nutrition and
p.(None): cleanliness of prisoners and to detect contagious diseases, especially tuberculosis, malaria and
p.(None): venereal disease. For this purpose the most efficient methods available shall be employed, e.g.
p.(None): periodic mass miniature radiography for the early detection of tuberculosis.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 32. Prisoners of war who, though not attached to the medical service of their armed forces,
p.(None): are physicians, surgeons, dentists, nurses or medical orderlies, may be required by the
p.(None): Detaining Power to exercise their medical functions in the interests of prisoners of war
p.(None): dependent on the same Power. In that case they shall continue to be prisoners of war, but shall
p.(None): receive the same treatment as corresponding medical personnel retained by the Detaining
p.(None): Power. They shall be exempted from any other work under Article 49.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter IV. Medical Personnel and Chaplains Retained to Assist Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 33. Members of the medical personnel and chaplains while retained by the Detaining Power
p.(None): with a view to assisting prisoners of war, shall not be considered as prisoners of war. They shall,
p.(None): however, receive as a minimum the benefits and protection of the present Convention, and shall
p.(None): also be granted all facilities necessary to provide for the medical care of, and religious
p.(None): ministration to prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): They shall continue to exercise their medical and spiritual functions for the benefit of prisoners
p.(None): of war, preferably those belonging to the armed forces upon which they depend, within the
p.(None): scope of the military laws and regulations of the Detaining Power and under the control of its
p.(None): competent services, in accordance with their professional etiquette. They shall also benefit by
p.(None): the following facilities in the exercise of their medical
p.(None): or spiritual functions:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) They shall be authorized to visit periodically prisoners of war situated in working
p.(None): detachments or in hospitals outside the camp. For this purpose, the Detaining Power shall place
p.(None): at their disposal the necessary means of transport.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) The senior medical officer in each camp shall be responsible to the camp military authorities
p.(None): for everything connected with the activities of retained medical personnel. For this purpose,
p.(None): Parties to the conflict shall agree at the outbreak of hostilities on the subject of the
p.(None): corresponding ranks of the medical personnel, including that of societies mentioned in Article 26
p.(None): of the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in
p.(None): ArmedXForces in the Field of August 12, 1949. This senior medical officer, as well as chaplains,
p.(None): shall have the right to deal with the competent authorities of the camp on all questions relating
p.(None): to their duties. Such authorities shall afford them all necessary facilities for correspondence
p.(None): relating to these questions.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) Although they shall be subject to the internal discipline of the camp in which they are
p.(None): retained, such personnel may not be compelled to carry out any work other than that concerned
p.(None): with their medical or religious duties.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): During hostilities, the Parties to the conflict shall agree concerning the possible relief of retained
p.(None): personnel and shall settle the procedure to be followed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): None of the preceding provisions shall relieve the Detaining Power of its obligations with regard
p.(None): to prisoners of war from the medical or spiritual point of view.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter V. Religious, Intellectual and Physical Activities
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 34. Prisoners of war shall enjoy complete latitude in the exercise of their religious duties,
p.(None): including attendance at the service of their faith, on condition that they comply with the
p.(None): disciplinary routine prescribed by the military authorities.
p.(None):
...
p.(None): community of prisoners concerned and, wherever necessary, with the approval of the local
p.(None): religious authorities of the same faith. The person thus appointed shall comply with all
p.(None): regulations established by the Detaining Power in the interests of discipline and military security.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 38. While respecting the individual preferences of every prisoner, the Detaining Power shall
p.(None): encourage the practice of intellectual, educational, and recreational pursuits, sports and games
p.(None): amongst prisoners, and shall take the measures necessary to ensure the exercise thereof by
p.(None): providing them with adequate premises and necessary equipment.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners shall have opportunities for taking physical exercise, including sports and games, and
p.(None): for being out of doors. Sufficient open spaces shall be provided for this purpose in all camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter VI. Discipline
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 39. Every prisoner of war camp shall be put under the immediate authority of a responsible
p.(None): commissioned officer belonging to the regular armed forces of the Detaining Power. Such officer
p.(None): shall have in his possession a copy of the present Convention; he shall ensure that its
p.(None): provisions are known to the camp staff and the guard and shall be responsible, under the
p.(None): direction of his government, for its application.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war, with the exception of officers, must salute and show to all officers of the
p.(None): Detaining Power the external marks of respect provided for by the regulations applying in their
p.(None): own forces.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Officer prisoners of war are bound to salute only officers of a higher rank of the Detaining
p.(None): Power; they must, however, salute the camp commander regardless of his rank.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 40. The wearing of badges of rank and nationality, as well as of decorations, shall be
p.(None): permitted.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 41. In every camp the text of the present Convention and its Annexes and the contents of
p.(None): any special agreement provided for in Article 6, shall be posted, in the prisoners' own language,
p.(None): in places where all may read them. Copies shall be supplied, on request, to the prisoners who
p.(None): cannot have access to the copy which has been posted.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): must likewise be given in a language which they understand.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 42. The use of weapons against prisoners of war, especially against those who are escaping
p.(None): or attempting to escape, shall constitute an extreme measure, which shall always be preceded
p.(None): by warnings appropriate to the circumstances.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter VII. Rank of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 43. Upon the outbreak of hostilities, the Parties to the conflict shall communicate to one
p.(None): another the titles and ranks of all the persons mentioned in Article 4 of the present Convention,
p.(None): in order to ensure equality of treatment between prisoners of equivalent rank. Titles and ranks
p.(None): which are subsequently created shall form the subject of similar communications.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power shall recognize promotions in rank which have been accorded to prisoners
p.(None): of war and which have been duly notified by the Power on which these prisoners depend.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 44. Officers and prisoners of equivalent status shall be treated with the regard due to their
p.(None): rank and age.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In order to ensure service in officers' camps, other ranks of the same armed forces who, as far
p.(None): as possible, speak the same language, shall be assigned in sufficient numbers, account being
p.(None): taken of the rank of officers and prisoners of equivalent status. Such orderlies shall not be
p.(None): required to perform any other work.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Supervision of the mess by the officers themselves shall be facilitated in every way.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 45. Prisoners of war other than officers and prisoners of equivalent status shall be treated
p.(None): with the regard due to their rank and age.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Supervision of the mess by the prisoners themselves shall be facilitated in every way.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter VIII. Transfer of Prisoners of War after their Arrival in Camp
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 46. The Detaining Power, when deciding upon the transfer of prisoners of war, shall take into
p.(None): account the interests of the prisoners themselves, more especially so as not to increase the
p.(None): difficulty of their repatriation.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The transfer of prisoners of war shall always be effected humanely and in conditions not less
p.(None): favourable than those under which the forces of the Detaining Power are transferred. Account
...
p.(None): their separate accounts.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 60. The Detaining Power shall grant all prisoners of war a monthly advance of pay, the
p.(None): amount of which shall be fixed by conversion, into the currency
p.(None): of the said Power, of the following amounts:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Category I : Prisoners ranking below sergeants: eight Swiss francs.
p.(None): Category II : Sergeants and other non-commissioned officers, or prisoners of equivalent rank:
p.(None): twelve Swiss francs.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Category III: Warrant officers and commissioned officers below the rank of major or prisoners of
p.(None): equivalent rank: fifty Swiss francs.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Category IV : Majors, lieutenant-colonels, colonels or prisoners of equivalent rank: sixty Swiss
p.(None): francs.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Category V : General officers or prisoners of war of equivalent rank: seventy-five Swiss francs.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): However, the Parties to the conflict concerned may by special agreement modify the amount of
p.(None): advances of pay due to prisoners of the preceding categories.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Furthermore, if the amounts indicated in the first paragraph above would be unduly high
p.(None): compared with the pay of the Detaining Power's armed forces or would, for any reason,
p.(None): seriously embarrass the Detaining Power, then, pending the conclusion of a special agreement
p.(None): with the Power on which the prisoners depend to vary the amounts indicated above, the
p.(None): Detaining Power:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) shall continue to credit the accounts of the prisoners with the amounts indicated in the first
p.(None): paragraph above;
p.(None): (b) may temporarily limit the amount made available from these advances of pay to prisoners of
p.(None): war for their own use, to sums which are reasonable, but which, for Category I, shall never be
p.(None): inferior to the amount that the Detaining Power gives to the members of its own armed forces.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The reasons for any limitations will be given without delay to the Protecting Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 61. The Detaining Power shall accept for distribution as supplementary pay to prisoners of
p.(None): war sums which the Power on which the prisoners depend may forward to them, on condition
p.(None): that the sums to be paid shall be the same for each prisoner of the same category, shall be
p.(None): payable to all prisoners of that category depending on that Power, and shall be placed in their
p.(None): separate accounts, at the earliest opportunity, in accordance with the provisions of Article 64.
p.(None): Such supplementary pay shall not relieve the Detaining Power of any obligation under this
p.(None): Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 62. Prisoners of war shall be paid a fair working rate of pay by the detaining authorities
p.(None): direct. The rate shall be fixed by the said authorities, but shall at no time be less than one-fourth
p.(None): of one Swiss franc for a full working day. The Detaining Power shall inform prisoners of war, as
p.(None): well as the Power on which they depend, through the intermediary of the Protecting Power, of
p.(None): the rate of daily working pay that it has fixed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Working pay shall likewise be paid by the detaining authorities to prisoners of war permanently
p.(None): detailed to duties or to a skilled or semi-skilled occupation in connection with the administration,
...
p.(None): representative.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): All facilities shall likewise be accorded to the prisoners' representatives for communication by
p.(None): post and telegraph with the detaining authorities, the Protecting Powers, the International
p.(None): Committee of the Red Cross and their delegates, the Mixed Medical Commissions and the
p.(None): bodies which give assistance to prisoners of war. Prisoners' representatives of labour
p.(None): detachments shall enjoy the same facilities for communication with the prisoners'
p.(None): representatives of the principal camp. Such communications shall not be restricted, nor
p.(None): considered as forming a part of the quota mentioned in Article 71.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners' representatives who are transferred shall be allowed a reasonable time to acquaint
p.(None): their successors with current affairs.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In case of dismissal, the reasons therefor shall be communicated to the Protecting Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter III. Penal and Disciplinary Sanctions
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): I. General Provisions
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 82. A prisoner of war shall be subject to the laws, regulations and orders in force in the
p.(None): armed forces of the Detaining Power; the Detaining Power shall be justified in taking judicial or
p.(None): disciplinary measures in respect of any offence committed by a prisoner of war against such
p.(None): laws, regulations or orders. However, no proceedings or punishments contrary to the provisions
p.(None): of this Chapter shall be allowed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If any law, regulation or order of the Detaining Power shall declare acts committed by a prisoner
p.(None): of war to be punishable, whereas the same acts would not be punishable if committed by a
p.(None): member of the forces of the Detaining Power, such acts shall entail disciplinary punishments
p.(None): only.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 83. In deciding whether proceedings in respect of an offence alleged to have been
p.(None): committed by a prisoner of war shall be judicial or disciplinary, the Detaining Power shall ensure
p.(None): that the competent authorities exercise the greatest leniency and adopt, wherever possible,
p.(None): disciplinary rather than judicial measures.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 84. A prisoner of war shall be tried only by a military court, unless the existing laws of the
p.(None): Detaining Power expressly permit the civil courts to try a member of the armed forces of the
p.(None): Detaining Power in respect of the particular offence alleged to have been committed by the
p.(None): prisoner of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In no circumstances whatever shall a prisoner of war be tried by a court of any kind which does
p.(None): not offer the essential guarantees of independence and impartiality as generally recognized,
p.(None): and, in particular, the procedure of which does not afford the accused the rights and means of
p.(None): defence provided for in Article 105.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 85. Prisoners of war prosecuted under the laws of the Detaining Power for acts committed
p.(None): prior to capture shall retain, even if convicted, the benefits of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 86. No prisoner of war may be punished more than once for the same act or on the same
p.(None): charge.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 87. Prisoners of war may not be sentenced by the military authorities and courts of the
p.(None): Detaining Power to any penalties except those provided for in respect of members of the armed
p.(None): forces of the said Power who have committed the same acts.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): When fixing the penalty, the courts or authorities of the Detaining Power shall take into
p.(None): consideration, to the widest extent possible, the fact that the accused, not being a national of the
p.(None): Detaining Power, is not bound to it by any duty of allegiance, and that he is in its power as the
p.(None): result of circumstances independent of his own will. The said courts or authorities shall be at
p.(None): liberty to reduce the penalty provided for the violation of which the prisoner of war is accused,
p.(None): and shall therefore not be bound to apply the minimum penalty prescribed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Collective punishment for individual acts, corporal punishment, imprisonment in premises
p.(None): without daylight and, in general, any form of torture or cruelty, are forbidden.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No prisoner of war may be deprived of his rank by the Detaining Power, or prevented from
p.(None): wearing his badges.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 88. Officers, non-commissioned officers and men who are prisoners of war undergoing a
p.(None): disciplinary or judicial punishment, shall not be subjected to more severe treatment than that
p.(None): applied in respect of the same punishment to members of the armed forces of the Detaining
p.(None): Power of equivalent rank.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A woman prisoner of war shall not be awarded or sentenced to a punishment more severe, or
p.(None): treated whilst undergoing punishment more severely, than a woman member of the armed
p.(None): forces of the Detaining Power dealt with for a similar offence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In no case may a woman prisoner of war be awarded or sentenced to a punishment more
p.(None): severe, or treated whilst undergoing punishment more severely, than a male member of the
p.(None): armed forces of the Detaining Power dealt with for a similar offence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who have served disciplinary or judicial sentences may not be treated
p.(None): differently from other prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): II. Disciplinary Sanctions
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 89. The disciplinary punishments applicable to prisoners of war are the following:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) A fine which shall not exceed 50 per cent of the advances of pay and working pay which the
p.(None): prisoner of war would otherwise receive under the provisions of Articles 60 and 62 during a
p.(None): period of not more than thirty days.
p.(None): (2) Discontinuance of privileges granted over and above the treatment provided for by the
p.(None): present Convention.
p.(None): (3) Fatigue duties not exceeding two hours daily.
p.(None): (4) Confinement.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The punishment referred to under (3) shall not be applied to officers.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In no case shall disciplinary punishments be inhuman, brutal or dangerous to the health of
p.(None): prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 90. The duration of any single punishment shall in no case exceed thirty days. Any period of
p.(None): confinement awaiting the hearing of a disciplinary offence or the award of disciplinary
p.(None): punishment shall be deducted from an award pronounced against a prisoner of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The maximum of thirty days provided above may not be exceeded, even if the prisoner of war is
p.(None): answerable for several acts at the same time when he is awarded punishment, whether such
p.(None): acts are related or not.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The period between the pronouncing of an award of disciplinary punishment and its execution
p.(None): shall not exceed one month.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): When a prisoner of war is awarded a further disciplinary punishment, a period of at least three
p.(None): days shall elapse between the execution of any two of the punishments, if the duration of one of
p.(None): these is ten days or more.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 91. The escape of a prisoner of war shall be deemed to have succeeded when:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) he has joined the armed forces of the Power on which he depends, or those of an allied
p.(None): Power;
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) he has left the territory under the control of the Detaining Power, or of an ally of the said
p.(None): Power;
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) he has joined a ship flying the flag of the Power on which he depends, or of an allied Power,
p.(None): in the territorial waters of the Detaining Power, the said ship not being under the control of the
p.(None): last named Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who have made good their escape in the sense of this Article and who are
p.(None): recaptured, shall not be liable to any punishment in respect of their previous escape.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 92. A prisoner of war who attempts to escape and is recaptured before having made good
p.(None): his escape in the sense of Article 91 shall be liable only to a disciplinary punishment in respect
p.(None): of this act, even if it is a repeated offence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A prisoner of war who is recaptured shall be handed over without delay to the competent military
p.(None): authority.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 88, fourth paragraph, notwithstanding, prisoners of war punished as a result of an
p.(None): unsuccessful escape may be subjected to special surveillance. Such surveillance must not
p.(None): affect the state of their health, must be undergone in a prisoner of war camp, and must not entail
p.(None): the suppression of any of the safeguards granted them by the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 93. Escape or attempt to escape, even if it is a repeated offence, shall not be deemed an
p.(None): aggravating circumstance if the prisoner of war is subjected to trial by judicial proceedings in
p.(None): respect of an offence committed during his escape or attempt to escape.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In conformity with the principle stated in Article 83, offences committed by prisoners of war with
p.(None): the sole intention of facilitating their escape and which do not entail any violence against life or
p.(None): limb, such as offences against public property, theft without intention of self-enrichment, the
p.(None): drawing up or use of false papers, or the wearing of civilian clothing, shall occasion disciplinary
p.(None): punishment only.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who aid or abet an escape or an attempt to escape shall be liable on this count
p.(None): to disciplinary punishment only.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 94. If an escaped prisoner of war is recaptured, the Power on which he depends shall be
p.(None): notified thereof in the manner defined in Article 122, provided notification of his escape has
p.(None): been made.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 95. A prisoner of war accused of an offence against discipline shall not be kept in
p.(None): confinement pending the hearing unless a member of the armed forces of the Detaining Power
p.(None): would be so kept if he were accused of a similar offence, or if it is essential in the interests of
p.(None): camp order and discipline.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any period spent by a prisoner of war in confinement awaiting the disposal of an offence
p.(None): against discipline shall be reduced to an absolute minimum and shall not exceed fourteen days.
p.(None): The provisions of Articles 97 and 98 of this Chapter shall apply to prisoners of war who are in
p.(None): confinement awaiting the disposal of offences against discipline.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 96. Acts which constitute offences against discipline shall be investigated immediately.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Without prejudice to the competence of courts and superior military authorities, disciplinary
p.(None): punishment may be ordered only by an officer having disciplinary powers in his capacity as
p.(None): camp commander, or by a responsible officer who replaces him or to whom he has delegated
p.(None): his disciplinary powers.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In no case may such powers be delegated to a prisoner of war or be exercised by a prisoner of
p.(None): war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Before any disciplinary award is pronounced, the accused shall be given precise information
p.(None): regarding the offences of which he is accused, and given an opportunity of explaining his
...
p.(None): concurrence of the Power on which the prisoners of war depend.
p.(None): The death sentence cannot be pronounced on a prisoner of war unless the attention of the court
p.(None): has, in accordance with Article 87, second paragraph, been particularly called to the fact that
p.(None): since the accused is not a national of the Detaining Power, he is not bound to it by any duty of
p.(None): allegiance, and that he is in its power as the result of circumstances independent of his own will.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 101. If the death penalty is pronounced on a prisoner of war, the sentence shall not be
p.(None): executed before the expiration of a period of at least six months from the date when the
p.(None): Protecting Power receives, at an indicated address, the detailed communication provided for in
p.(None): Article 107.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 102. A prisoner of war can be validly sentenced only if the sentence has been pronounced
p.(None): by the same courts according to the same procedure as in the case of members of the armed
p.(None): forces of the Detaining Power, and if, furthermore, the provisions of the present Chapter have
p.(None): been observed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 103. Judicial investigations relating to a prisoner of war shall be conducted as rapidly as
p.(None): circumstances permit and so that his trial shall take place as soon as possible. A prisoner of war
p.(None): shall not be confined while awaiting trial unless a member of the armed forces of the Detaining
p.(None): Power would be so confined if he were accused of a similar offence, or if it is essential to do so
p.(None): in the interests of national security. In no circumstances shall this confinement exceed three
p.(None): months.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any period spent by a prisoner of war in confinement awaiting trial shall be deducted from any
p.(None): sentence of imprisonment passed upon him and taken into account in fixing any penalty.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The provisions of Articles 97 and 98 of this Chapter shall apply to a prisoner of war whilst in
p.(None): confinement awaiting trial.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 104. In any case in which the Detaining Power has decided to institute judicial proceedings
p.(None): against a prisoner of war, it shall notify the Protecting Power as soon as possible and at least
p.(None): three weeks before the opening of the trial. This period of three weeks shall run as from the day
p.(None): on which such notification reaches the Protecting Power at the address previously indicated by
p.(None): the latter to the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The said notification shall contain the following information:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Surname and first names of the prisoner of war, his rank, his army, regimental, personal or
p.(None): serial number, his date of birth, and his profession or trade, if any;
p.(None): (2) Place of internment or confinement;
...
p.(None): he deems necessary, to the services of a competent interpreter. He shall be advised of these
p.(None): rights by the Detaining Power in due time before the trial.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Failing a choice by the prisoner of war, the Protecting Power shall find him an advocate or
p.(None): counsel, and shall have at least one week at its disposal for the purpose. The Detaining Power
p.(None): shall deliver to the said Power, on request, a list of persons qualified to present the defence.
p.(None): Failing a choice of an advocate or counsel by the prisoner of war or the Protecting Power, the
p.(None): Detaining Power shall appoint a competent advocate or counsel to conduct the defence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The advocate or counsel conducting the defence on behalf of the prisoner of war shall have at
p.(None): his disposal a period of two weeks at least before the opening of the trial, as well as the
p.(None): necessary facilities to prepare the defence of the accused. He may, in particular, freely visit the
p.(None): accused and interview him in private. He may also confer with any witnesses for the defence,
p.(None): including prisoners of war. He shall have the benefit of these facilities until the term of appeal or
p.(None): petition has expired.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Particulars of the charge or charges on which the prisoner of war is to be arraigned, as well as
p.(None): the documents which are generally communicated to the accused by virtue of the laws in force
p.(None): in the armed forces of the Detaining Power, shall be communicated to the accused prisoner of
p.(None): war in a language which he understands, and in good time before the opening of the trial. The
p.(None): same communication in the same circumstances shall be made to the advocate or counsel
p.(None): conducting the defence on behalf of the prisoner of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The representatives of the Protecting Power shall be entitled to attend the trial of the case,
p.(None): unless, exceptionally, this is held in camera in the interest of State security. In such a case the
p.(None): Detaining Power shall advise the Protecting Power accordingly.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 106. Every prisoner of war shall have, in the same manner as the members of the armed
p.(None): forces of the Detaining Power, the right of appeal or petition from any sentence pronounced
p.(None): upon him, with a view to the quashing or revising of the sentence or the reopening of the trial.
p.(None): He shall be fully informed of his right to appeal or petition and of the time limit within which he
p.(None): may do so.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 107. Any judgment and sentence pronounced upon a prisoner of war shall be immediately
p.(None): reported to the Protecting Power in the form of a summary communication, which shall also
p.(None): indicate whether he has the right of appeal with a view to the quashing of the sentence or the
p.(None): reopening of the trial. This communication shall likewise be sent to the prisoners' representative
p.(None): concerned. It shall also be sent to the accused prisoner of war in a language he understands, if
p.(None): the sentence was not pronounced in his presence. The Detaining Power shall also immediately
p.(None): communicate to the Protecting Power the decision of the prisoner of war to use or to waive his
p.(None): right of appeal.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Furthermore, if a prisoner of war is finally convicted or if a sentence pronounced on a prisoner of
p.(None): war in the first instance is a death sentence, the Detaining Power shall as soon as possible
p.(None): address to the Protecting Power a detailed communication containing:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) the precise wording of the finding and sentence;
p.(None): (2) a summarized report of any preliminary investigation and of the trial, emphasizing in
p.(None): particular the elements of the prosecution and the defence;
p.(None): (3) notification, where applicable, of the establishment where the sentence will be served.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The communications provided for in the foregoing sub-paragraphs shall be sent to the
p.(None): Protecting Power at the address previously made known to the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 108.Sentences pronounced on prisoners of war after a conviction has become duly
p.(None): enforceable, shall be served in the same establishments and under the same conditions as in
p.(None): the case of members of the armed forces of the Detaining Power. These conditions shall in all
p.(None): cases conform to the requirements of health and humanity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A woman prisoner of war on whom such a sentence has been pronounced shall be confined in
p.(None): separate quarters and shall be under the supervision of women.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In any case, prisoners of war sentenced to a penalty depriving them of their liberty shall retain
p.(None): the benefit of the provisions of Articles 78 and 126 of the present Convention. Furthermore, they
p.(None): shall be entitled to receive and despatch correspondence, to receive at least one relief parcel
p.(None): monthly, to take regular exercise in the open air, to have the medical care required by their state
p.(None): of health, and the spiritual assistance they may desire. Penalties to which they may be
p.(None): subjected shall be in accordance with the provisions of Article 87, third paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part IV. Termination of Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section I. Direct Repatriation and Accommodation in Neutral Countries
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 109. Subject to the provisions of the third paragraph of this Article, Parties to the conflict are
p.(None): bound to send back to their own country, regardless of number or rank, seriously wounded and
p.(None): seriously sick prisoners of war, after having cared for them until they are fit to travel, in
p.(None): accordance with the first paragraph of the following Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
Searching for indicator army:
(return to top)
p.(None): The Detaining Power may not restrict the exercise, either within or without its own territory, of the
p.(None): rights such capacity confers except in so far as the captivity requires.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 15. The Power detaining prisoners of war shall be bound to provide free of charge for their
p.(None): maintenance and for the medical attention required by their state of health.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 16. Taking into consideration the provisions of the present Convention relating to rank and
p.(None): sex, and subject to any privileged treatment which may be accorded to them by reason of their
p.(None): state of health, age or professional qualifications, all prisoners of war shall be treated alike by
p.(None): the Detaining Power, without any adverse distinction based on race, nationality, religious belief
p.(None): or political opinions, or any other distinction founded on similar criteria.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part III. Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section 1. Beginning of Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 17. Every prisoner of war, when questioned on the subject, is bound to give only his
p.(None): surname, first names and rank, date of birth, and army, regimental, personal or serial number, or
p.(None): failing this, equivalent information.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If he wilfully infringes this rule, he may render himself liable to a restriction of the privileges
p.(None): accorded to his rank or status.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Each Party to a conflict is required to furnish the persons under its jurisdiction who are liable to
p.(None): become prisoners of war, with an identity card showing the owner's surname, first names, rank,
p.(None): army, regimental, personal or serial number or equivalent information, and date of birth. The
p.(None): identity card may, furthermore, bear the signature or the fingerprints, or both, of the owner, and
p.(None): may bear, as well, any other information the Party to the conflict may wish to add concerning
p.(None): persons belonging to its armed forces. As far as possible the card shall measure 6.5 x 10 cm.
p.(None): and shall be issued in duplicate. The identity card shall be shown by the prisoner of war upon
p.(None): demand, but may in no case be taken away from him.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No physical or mental torture, nor any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on prisoners of
p.(None): war to secure from them information of any kind whatever. Prisoners of war who refuse to
p.(None): answer may not be threatened, insulted, or exposed to unpleasant or disadvantageous
p.(None): treatment of any kind.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who, owing to their physical or mental condition, are unable to state their
p.(None): identity, shall be handed over to the medical service. The identity of such prisoners shall be
p.(None): established by all possible means, subject to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): shall not be confined while awaiting trial unless a member of the armed forces of the Detaining
p.(None): Power would be so confined if he were accused of a similar offence, or if it is essential to do so
p.(None): in the interests of national security. In no circumstances shall this confinement exceed three
p.(None): months.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any period spent by a prisoner of war in confinement awaiting trial shall be deducted from any
p.(None): sentence of imprisonment passed upon him and taken into account in fixing any penalty.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The provisions of Articles 97 and 98 of this Chapter shall apply to a prisoner of war whilst in
p.(None): confinement awaiting trial.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 104. In any case in which the Detaining Power has decided to institute judicial proceedings
p.(None): against a prisoner of war, it shall notify the Protecting Power as soon as possible and at least
p.(None): three weeks before the opening of the trial. This period of three weeks shall run as from the day
p.(None): on which such notification reaches the Protecting Power at the address previously indicated by
p.(None): the latter to the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The said notification shall contain the following information:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Surname and first names of the prisoner of war, his rank, his army, regimental, personal or
p.(None): serial number, his date of birth, and his profession or trade, if any;
p.(None): (2) Place of internment or confinement;
p.(None): (3) Specification of the charge or charges on which the prisoner of war is to be arraigned, giving
p.(None): the legal provisions applicable;
p.(None): (4) Designation of the court which will try the case, likewise the date and place fixed for the
p.(None): opening of the trial.
p.(None): The same communication shall be made by the Detaining Power to the prisoners'
p.(None): representative.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If no evidence is submitted, at the opening of a trial, that the notification referred to above was
p.(None): received by the Protecting Power, by the prisoner of war and by the prisoners' representative
p.(None): concerned, at least three weeks before the opening of the trial, then the latter cannot take place
p.(None): and must be adjourned.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 105. The prisoner of war shall be entitled to assistance by one of his prisoner comrades, to
p.(None): defence by a qualified advocate or counsel of his own choice, to the calling of witnesses and, if
p.(None): he deems necessary, to the services of a competent interpreter. He shall be advised of these
p.(None): rights by the Detaining Power in due time before the trial.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Failing a choice by the prisoner of war, the Protecting Power shall find him an advocate or
p.(None): counsel, and shall have at least one week at its disposal for the purpose. The Detaining Power
...
p.(None): respect to such persons. The Power concerned shall ensure that the Prisoners of War
p.(None): Information Bureau is provided with the necessary accommodation, equipment and staff to
p.(None): ensure its efficient working. It shall be at liberty to employ prisoners of war in such a Bureau
p.(None): under the conditions laid down in the Section of the present Convention dealing with work by
p.(None): prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Within the shortest possible period, each of the Parties to the conflict shall give its Bureau the
p.(None): information referred to in the fourth, fifth and sixth paragraphs of this Article regarding any
p.(None): enemy person belonging to one of the categories referred to in Article 4, who has fallen into its
p.(None): power. Neutral or non-belligerent Powers shall take the same action with regard to persons
p.(None): belonging to such categories whom they have received within their territory.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Bureau shall immediately forward such information by the most rapid means to the Powers
p.(None): concerned, through the intermediary of the Protecting Powers and likewise of the Central
p.(None): Agency provided for in Article 123.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): This information shall make it possible quickly to advise the next of kin concerned. Subject to
p.(None): the provisions of Article 17, the information shall include, in so far as available to the Information
p.(None): Bureau, in respect of each prisoner of war, his surname, first names, rank, army, regimental,
p.(None): personal or serial number, place and full date of birth, indication of the Power on which he
p.(None): depends, first name of the father and maiden name of the mother, name and address of the
p.(None): person to be informed and the address to which correspondence for the prisoner may be sent.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Information Bureau shall receive from the various departments concerned information
p.(None): regarding transfers, releases, repatriations, escapes, admissions to hospital, and deaths, and
p.(None): shall transmit such information in the manner described in the third paragraph above.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Likewise, information regarding the state of health of prisoners of war who are seriously ill or
p.(None): seriously wounded shall be supplied regularly, every week if possible.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Information Bureau shall also be responsible for replying to all enquiries sent to it
p.(None): concerning prisoners of war, including those who have died in captivity; it will make any
p.(None): enquiries necessary to obtain the information which is asked for if this is not in its possession.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): All written communications made by the Bureau shall be authenticated by a signature or a seal.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Information Bureau shall furthermore be charged with collecting all personal valuables,
p.(None): including sums in currencies other than that of the Detaining Power and documents of
p.(None): importance to the next of kin, left by prisoners of war who have been repatriated or released, or
...
Searching for indicator military:
(return to top)
p.(None): volunteer corps forming part of such armed forces.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Members of other militias and members of other volunteer corps, including those of
p.(None): organized resistance movements, belonging to a Party to the conflict and operating in or outside
p.(None): their own territory, even if this territory is occupied, provided that such militias or volunteer corps,
p.(None): including such organized resistance movements, fulfil the following conditions:
p.(None): (a) that of being commanded by a person responsible for his subordinates;
p.(None): (b) that of having a fixed distinctive sign recognizable at a distance;
p.(None): (c) that of carrying arms openly;
p.(None): (d) that of conducting their operations in accordance with the laws and customs of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Members of regular armed forces who profess allegiance to a government or an authority not
p.(None): recognized by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (4) Persons who accompany the armed forces without actually being members thereof, such as
p.(None): civilian members of military aircraft crews, war correspondents, supply contractors, members of
p.(None): labour units or of services responsible for the welfare of the armed forces, provided that they
p.(None): have received authorization, from the armed forces which they accompany, who shall provide
p.(None): them for that purpose with an identity card similar to the annexed model.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (5) Members of crews, including masters, pilots and apprentices, of the merchant marine and
p.(None): the crews of civil aircraft of the Parties to the conflict, who do not benefit by more favourable
p.(None): treatment under any other provisions of international law.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (6) Inhabitants of a non-occupied territory, who on the approach of the enemy spontaneously
p.(None): take up arms to resist the invading forces, without having had time to form themselves into
p.(None): regular armed units, provided they carry arms openly and respect the laws and customs of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): B. The following shall likewise be treated as prisoners of war under the present Convention:
p.(None): (1) Persons belonging, or having belonged, to the armed forces of the occupied country, if the
p.(None): occupying Power considers it necessary by reason of such allegiance to intern them, even
p.(None): though it has originally liberated them while hostilities were going on outside the territory it
...
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): When prisoners of war do not benefit or cease to benefit, no matter for what reason, by the
p.(None): activities of a Protecting Power or of an organization provided for in the first paragraph above,
p.(None): the Detaining Power shall request a neutral State, or such an organization, to undertake the
p.(None): functions performed under the present Convention by a Protecting Power designated by the
p.(None): Parties to a conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If protection cannot be arranged accordingly, the Detaining Power shall request or shall accept,
p.(None): subject to the provisions of this Article, the offer of the services of a humanitarian organization,
p.(None): such as the International Committee of the Red Cross to assume the humanitarian functions
p.(None): performed by Protecting Powers under the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any neutral Power or any organization invited by the Power concerned or offering itself for these
p.(None): purposes, shall be required to act with a sense of responsibility towards the Party to the conflict
p.(None): on which persons protected by the present Convention depend, and shall be required to furnish
p.(None): sufficient assurances that it is in a position to undertake the appropriate functions and to
p.(None): discharge them impartially.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No derogation from the preceding provisions shall be made by special agreements between
p.(None): Powers one of which is restricted, even temporarily, in its freedom to negotiate with the other
p.(None): Power or its allies by reason of military events, more particularly where the whole, or a
p.(None): substantial part, of the territory of the said Power is occupied.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Whenever in the present Convention mention is made of a Protecting Power, such mention
p.(None): applies to substitute organizations in the sense of the present Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 11. In cases where they deem it advisable in the interest of protected persons, particularly in
p.(None): cases of disagreement between the Parties to the conflict as to the application or interpretation
p.(None): of the provisions of the present Convention, the Protecting Powers shall lend their good offices
p.(None): with a view to settling the disagreement.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): For this purpose, each of the Protecting Powers may, either at the invitation of one Party or on
p.(None): its own initiative, propose to the Parties to the conflict a meeting of their representatives, and in
p.(None): particular of the authorities responsible for prisoners of war, possibly on neutral territory suitably
p.(None): chosen. The Parties to the conflict shall be bound to give effect to the proposals made to them
p.(None): for this purpose. The Protecting Powers may, if necessary, propose for approval by the Parties
p.(None): to the conflict a person belonging to a neutral Power, or delegated by the International
p.(None): Committee of the Red Cross, who shall be invited to take part in such a meeting.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part II. General Protection of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 12. Prisoners of war are in the hands of the enemy Power, but not of the individuals or
p.(None): military units who have captured them. Irrespective of the individual responsibilities that may
p.(None): exist, the Detaining Power is responsible for the treatment given them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war may only be transferred by the Detaining Power to a Power which is a party to
p.(None): the Convention and after the Detaining Power has satisfied itself of the willingness and ability of
p.(None): such transferee Power to apply the Convention. When prisoners of war are transferred under
p.(None): such circumstances, responsibility for the application of the Convention rests on the Power
p.(None): accepting them while they are in its custody.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Nevertheless, if that Power fails to carry out the provisions of the Convention in any important
p.(None): respect, the Power by whom the prisoners of war were transferred shall, upon being notified by
p.(None): the Protecting Power, take effective measures to correct the situation or shall request the return
p.(None): of the prisoners of war. Such requests must be complied with.
p.(None): Art 13. Prisoners of war must at all times be humanely treated. Any unlawful act or omission by
p.(None): the Detaining Power causing death or seriously endangering the health of a prisoner of war in
p.(None): its custody is prohibited, and will be regarded as a serious breach of the present Convention. In
...
p.(None): persons belonging to its armed forces. As far as possible the card shall measure 6.5 x 10 cm.
p.(None): and shall be issued in duplicate. The identity card shall be shown by the prisoner of war upon
p.(None): demand, but may in no case be taken away from him.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No physical or mental torture, nor any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on prisoners of
p.(None): war to secure from them information of any kind whatever. Prisoners of war who refuse to
p.(None): answer may not be threatened, insulted, or exposed to unpleasant or disadvantageous
p.(None): treatment of any kind.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who, owing to their physical or mental condition, are unable to state their
p.(None): identity, shall be handed over to the medical service. The identity of such prisoners shall be
p.(None): established by all possible means, subject to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The questioning of prisoners of war shall be carried out in a language which they understand.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 18. All effects and articles of personal use, except arms, horses, military equipment and
p.(None): military documents, shall remain in the possession of prisoners of war, likewise their metal
p.(None): helmets and gas masks and like articles issued for personal protection. Effects and articles used
p.(None): for their clothing or feeding shall likewise remain in their possession, even if such effects and
p.(None): articles belong to their regulation military equipment.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): At no time should prisoners of war be without identity documents. The Detaining Power shall
p.(None): supply such documents to prisoners of war who possess none.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Badges of rank and nationality, decorations and articles having above all a personal or
p.(None): sentimental value may not be taken from prisoners of war.
p.(None): Sums of money carried by prisoners of war may not be taken away from them except by order
p.(None): of an officer, and after the amount and particulars of the owner have been recorded in a special
p.(None): register and an itemized receipt has been given, legibly inscribed with the name, rank and unit
p.(None): of the person issuing the said receipt. Sums in the currency of the Detaining Power, or which
p.(None): are changed into such currency at the prisoner's request, shall be placed to the credit of the
p.(None): prisoner's account as provided in Article 64.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power may withdraw articles of value from prisoners of war only for reasons of
p.(None): security; when such articles are withdrawn, the procedure laid down for sums of money
p.(None): impounded shall apply.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Such objects, likewise sums taken away in any currency other than that of the Detaining Power
p.(None): and the conversion of which has not been asked for by the owners, shall be kept in the custody
...
p.(None): promise given.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 22. Prisoners of war may be interned only in premises located on land and affording every
p.(None): guarantee of hygiene and healthfulness. Except in particular cases which are justified by the
p.(None): interest of the prisoners themselves, they shall not be interned in penitentiaries.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war interned in unhealthy areas, or where the climate is injurious for them, shall be
p.(None): removed as soon as possible to a more favourable climate.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power shall assemble prisoners of war in camps or camp compounds according
p.(None): to their nationality, language and customs, provided that such prisoners shall not be separated
p.(None): from prisoners of war belonging to the armed forces with which they were serving at the time of
p.(None): their capture, except with their consent.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 23. No prisoner of war may at any time be sent to, or detained in areas where he may be
p.(None): exposed to the fire of the combat zone, nor may his presence be used to render certain points
p.(None): or areas immune from military operations.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall have shelters against air bombardment and other hazards of war, to the
p.(None): same extent as the local civilian population. With the exception of those engaged in the
p.(None): protection of their quarters against the aforesaid hazards, they may enter such shelters as soon
p.(None): as possible after the giving of the alarm. Any other protective measure taken in favour of the
p.(None): population shall also apply to them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Detaining Powers shall give the Powers concerned, through the intermediary of the Protecting
p.(None): Powers, all useful information regarding the geographical location of prisoner of war camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Whenever military considerations permit, prisoner of war camps shall be indicated in the day-
p.(None): time by the letters PW or PG, placed so as to be clearly visible from the air. The Powers
p.(None): concerned may, however, agree upon any other system of marking. Only prisoner of war camps
p.(None): shall be marked as such.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 24. Transit or screening camps of a permanent kind shall be fitted out under conditions
p.(None): similar to those described in the present Section, and the prisoners therein shall have the same
p.(None): treatment as in other camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter II. Quarters, Food and Clothing of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 25. Prisoners of war shall be quartered under conditions as favourable as those for the
p.(None): forces of the Detaining Power who are billeted in the same area. The said conditions shall make
p.(None): allowance for the habits and customs of the prisoners and shall in no case be prejudicial to their
p.(None): health.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The foregoing provisions shall apply in particular to the dormitories of prisoners of war as
p.(None): regards both total surface and minimum cubic space, and the general installations, bedding and
p.(None): blankets.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The premises provided for the use of prisoners of war individually or collectively, shall be
...
p.(None): the Powers concerned.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter III. Hygene and Medical Attention
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 29. The Detaining Power shall be bound to take all sanitary measures necessary to ensure
p.(None): the cleanliness and healthfulness of camps and to prevent epidemics.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall have for their use, day and night, conveniences which conform to the
p.(None): rules of hygiene and are maintained in a constant state of cleanliness. In any camps in which
p.(None): women prisoners of war are accommodated, separate conveniences shall be provided for them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Also, apart from the baths and showers with which the camps shall be furnished prisoners of
p.(None): war shall be provided with sufficient water and soap for their personal toilet and for washing their
p.(None): personal laundry; the necessary installations, facilities and time shall be granted them for that
p.(None): purpose.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 30. Every camp shall have an adequate infirmary where prisoners of war may have the
p.(None): attention they require, as well as appropriate diet. Isolation wards shall, if necessary, be set
p.(None): aside for cases of contagious or mental disease.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war suffering from serious disease, or whose condition necessitates special
p.(None): treatment, a surgical operation or hospital care, must be admitted to any military or civilian
p.(None): medical unit where such treatment can be given, even if their repatriation is contemplated in the
p.(None): near future. Special facilities shall be afforded for the care to be given to the disabled, in
p.(None): particular to the blind, and for their. rehabilitation, pending repatriation.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall have the attention, preferably, of medical personnel of the Power on
p.(None): which they depend and, if possible, of their nationality.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war may not be prevented from presenting themselves to the medical authorities
p.(None): for examination. The detaining authorities shall, upon request, issue to every prisoner who has
p.(None): undergone treatment, an official certificate indicating the nature of his illness or injury, and the
p.(None): duration and kind of treatment received. A duplicate of this certificate shall be forwarded to the
p.(None): Central Prisoners of War Agency.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The costs of treatment, including those of any apparatus necessary for the maintenance of
p.(None): prisoners of war in good health, particularly dentures and other artificial appliances, and
p.(None): spectacles, shall be borne by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 31. Medical inspections of prisoners of war shall be held at least once a month. They shall
...
p.(None): dependent on the same Power. In that case they shall continue to be prisoners of war, but shall
p.(None): receive the same treatment as corresponding medical personnel retained by the Detaining
p.(None): Power. They shall be exempted from any other work under Article 49.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter IV. Medical Personnel and Chaplains Retained to Assist Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 33. Members of the medical personnel and chaplains while retained by the Detaining Power
p.(None): with a view to assisting prisoners of war, shall not be considered as prisoners of war. They shall,
p.(None): however, receive as a minimum the benefits and protection of the present Convention, and shall
p.(None): also be granted all facilities necessary to provide for the medical care of, and religious
p.(None): ministration to prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): They shall continue to exercise their medical and spiritual functions for the benefit of prisoners
p.(None): of war, preferably those belonging to the armed forces upon which they depend, within the
p.(None): scope of the military laws and regulations of the Detaining Power and under the control of its
p.(None): competent services, in accordance with their professional etiquette. They shall also benefit by
p.(None): the following facilities in the exercise of their medical
p.(None): or spiritual functions:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) They shall be authorized to visit periodically prisoners of war situated in working
p.(None): detachments or in hospitals outside the camp. For this purpose, the Detaining Power shall place
p.(None): at their disposal the necessary means of transport.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) The senior medical officer in each camp shall be responsible to the camp military authorities
p.(None): for everything connected with the activities of retained medical personnel. For this purpose,
p.(None): Parties to the conflict shall agree at the outbreak of hostilities on the subject of the
p.(None): corresponding ranks of the medical personnel, including that of societies mentioned in Article 26
p.(None): of the Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in
p.(None): ArmedXForces in the Field of August 12, 1949. This senior medical officer, as well as chaplains,
p.(None): shall have the right to deal with the competent authorities of the camp on all questions relating
p.(None): to their duties. Such authorities shall afford them all necessary facilities for correspondence
p.(None): relating to these questions.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) Although they shall be subject to the internal discipline of the camp in which they are
p.(None): retained, such personnel may not be compelled to carry out any work other than that concerned
p.(None): with their medical or religious duties.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): During hostilities, the Parties to the conflict shall agree concerning the possible relief of retained
p.(None): personnel and shall settle the procedure to be followed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): None of the preceding provisions shall relieve the Detaining Power of its obligations with regard
p.(None): to prisoners of war from the medical or spiritual point of view.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter V. Religious, Intellectual and Physical Activities
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 34. Prisoners of war shall enjoy complete latitude in the exercise of their religious duties,
p.(None): including attendance at the service of their faith, on condition that they comply with the
p.(None): disciplinary routine prescribed by the military authorities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Adequate premises shall be provided where religious services may be held.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 35. Chaplains who fall into the hands of the enemy Power and who remain or are retained
p.(None): with a view to assisting prisoners of war, shall be allowed to minister to them and to exercise
p.(None): freely their ministry amongst prisoners of war of the same religion, in accordance with their
p.(None): religious conscience. They shall be allocated among the various camps and labour
p.(None): detachments containing prisoners of war belonging to the same forces, speaking the same
p.(None): language or practising the same religion. They shall enjoy the necessary facilities, including the
p.(None): means of transport provided for in Article 33, for visiting the prisoners of war outside their camp.
p.(None): They shall be free to correspond, subject to censorship, on matters concerning their religious
p.(None): duties with the ecclesiastical authorities in the country of detention and with international
p.(None): religious organizations. Letters and cards which they may send for this purpose shall be in
p.(None): addition to the quota provided for in Article 71.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 36. Prisoners of war who are ministers of religion, without having officiated as chaplains to
p.(None): their own forces, shall be at liberty, whatever their denomination, to minister freely to the
p.(None): members of their community. For this purpose, they shall receive the same treatment as the
p.(None): chaplains retained by the Detaining Power. They shall not be obliged to do any other work.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 37. When prisoners of war have not the assistance of a retained chaplain or of a prisoner of
p.(None): war minister of their faith, a minister belonging to the prisoners' or a similar denomination, or in
p.(None): his absence a qualified layman, if such a course is feasible from a confessional point of view,
p.(None): shall be appointed, at the request of the prisoners concerned, to fill this office. This appointment,
p.(None): subject to the approval of the Detaining Power, shall take place with the agreement of the
p.(None): community of prisoners concerned and, wherever necessary, with the approval of the local
p.(None): religious authorities of the same faith. The person thus appointed shall comply with all
p.(None): regulations established by the Detaining Power in the interests of discipline and military security.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 38. While respecting the individual preferences of every prisoner, the Detaining Power shall
p.(None): encourage the practice of intellectual, educational, and recreational pursuits, sports and games
p.(None): amongst prisoners, and shall take the measures necessary to ensure the exercise thereof by
p.(None): providing them with adequate premises and necessary equipment.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners shall have opportunities for taking physical exercise, including sports and games, and
p.(None): for being out of doors. Sufficient open spaces shall be provided for this purpose in all camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter VI. Discipline
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 39. Every prisoner of war camp shall be put under the immediate authority of a responsible
p.(None): commissioned officer belonging to the regular armed forces of the Detaining Power. Such officer
p.(None): shall have in his possession a copy of the present Convention; he shall ensure that its
p.(None): provisions are known to the camp staff and the guard and shall be responsible, under the
p.(None): direction of his government, for its application.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war, with the exception of officers, must salute and show to all officers of the
...
p.(None): paragraph of this Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The costs of transfers shall be borne by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section III. Labour of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 49. The Detaining Power may utilize the labour of prisoners of war who are physically fit,
p.(None): taking into account their age, sex, rank and physical aptitude, and with a view particularly to
p.(None): maintaining them in a good state of physical and mental health.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Non-commissioned officers who are prisoners of war shall only be required to do supervisory
p.(None): work. Those not so required may ask for other suitable work which shall, so far as possible, be
p.(None): found for them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If officers or persons of equivalent status ask for suitable work, it shall be found for them, so far
p.(None): as possible, but they may in no circumstances be compelled to work.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 50. Besides work connected with camp administration, installation or maintenance, prisoners
p.(None): of war may be compelled to do only such work as is included in the following classes:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) agriculture;
p.(None): (b) industries connected with the production or the extraction of raw materials, and
p.(None): manufacturing industries, with the exception of metallurgical, machinery and chemical
p.(None): industries; public works and building operations which have no military character or purpose;
p.(None): (c) transport and handling of stores which are not military in character or purpose;
p.(None): (d) commercial business, and arts and crafts;
p.(None): (e) domestic service;
p.(None): (f) public utility services having no military character or purpose.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Should the above provisions be infringed, prisoners of war shall be allowed to exercise their
p.(None): right of complaint, in conformity with Article 78.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 51. Prisoners of war must be granted suitable working conditions, especially as regards
p.(None): accommodation, food, clothing and equipment; such conditions shall not be inferior to those
p.(None): enjoyed by nationals of the Detaining Power employed in similar work; account shall also be
p.(None): taken of climatic conditions.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power, in utilizing the labour of prisoners of war, shall ensure that in areas in
p.(None): which such prisoners are employed, the national legislation concerning the protection of labour,
p.(None): and, more particularly, the regulations for the safety of workers, are duly applied.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall receive training and be provided with the means of protection suitable to
p.(None): the work they will have to do and similar to those accorded to the nationals of the Detaining
p.(None): Power. Subject to the provisions of Article 52, prisoners may be submitted to the normal risks
p.(None): run by these civilian workers.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Conditions of labour shall in no case be rendered more arduous by disciplinary measures.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): require. The Detaining Power shall furthermore deliver to such prisoners of war a medical
p.(None): certificate enabling them to submit their claims to the Power on which they depend, and shall
p.(None): send a duplicate to the Central Prisoners of War Agency provided for in Article 123.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 55. The fitness of prisoners of war for work shall be periodically verified by medical
p.(None): examinations at least once a month. The examinations shall have particular regard to the nature
p.(None): of the work which prisoners of war are required to do.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If any prisoner of war considers himself incapable of working, he shall be permitted to appear
p.(None): before the medical authorities of his camp. Physicians or surgeons may recommend that the
p.(None): prisoners who are, in their opinion, unfit for work, be exempted therefrom.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 56. The organization and administration of labour detachments shall be similar to those of
p.(None): prisoner of war camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Every labour detachment shall remain under the control of and administratively part of a
p.(None): prisoner of war camp. The military authorities and the commander of the said camp shall be
p.(None): responsible, under the direction of their government, for the observance of the provisions of the
p.(None): present Convention in labour detachments.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The camp commander shall keep an up-to-date record of the labour detachments dependent on
p.(None): his camp, and shall communicate it to the delegates of the Protecting Power, of the International
p.(None): Committee of the Red Cross, or of other agencies giving relief to prisoners of war, who may visit
p.(None): the camp.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 57. The treatment of prisoners of war who work for private persons, even if the latter are
p.(None): responsible for guarding and protecting them, shall not be inferior to that which is provided for by
p.(None): the present Convention. The Detaining Power, the military authorities and the commander of the
p.(None): camp to which such prisoners belong shall be entirely responsible for the maintenance, care,
p.(None): treatment, and payment of the working pay of such prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Such prisoners of war shall have the right to remain in communication with the prisoners'
p.(None): representatives in the camps on which they depend.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section IV. Financial Resources of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 58. Upon the outbreak of hostilities, and pending an arrangement on this matter with the
p.(None): Protecting Power, the Detaining Power may determine the maximum amount of money in cash
p.(None): or in any similar form, that prisoners may have in their possession. Any amount in excess,
p.(None): which was properly in their possession and which has been taken or withheld from them, shall
p.(None): be placed to their account, together with any monies deposited by them, and shall not be
p.(None): converted into any other currency without their consent.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If prisoners of war are permitted to purchase services or commodities outside the camp against
p.(None): payment in cash, such payments shall be made by the prisoner himself or by the camp
p.(None): administration who will charge them to the accounts of the prisoners concerned. The Detaining
...
p.(None): distribution to the recipients.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 74. All relief shipments for prisoners of war shall be exempt from import, customs and other
p.(None): dues.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Correspondence, relief shipments and authorized remittances of money addressed to prisoners
p.(None): of war or despatched by them through the post office, either direct or through the Information
p.(None): Bureaux provided for in Article 122 and the Central Prisoners of War Agency provided for in
p.(None): Article 123, shall be exempt from any postal dues, both in the countries of origin and
p.(None): destination, and in intermediate countries.
p.(None): If relief shipments intended for prisoners of war cannot be sent through the post office by reason
p.(None): of weight or for any other cause, the cost of transportation shall be borne by the Detaining
p.(None): Power in all the territories under its control. The other Powers party to the Convention shall bear
p.(None): the cost of transport in their respective territories. In the absence of special agreements
p.(None): between the Parties concerned, the costs connected with transport of such shipments, other
p.(None): than costs covered by the above exemption, shall be charged to the senders.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The High Contracting Parties shall endeavour to reduce, so far as possible, the rates charged
p.(None): for telegrams sent by prisoners of war, or addressed to them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 75. Should military operations prevent the Powers concerned from fulfilling their obligation to
p.(None): assure the transport of the shipments referred to in Articles 70, 71, 72 and 77, the Protecting
p.(None): Powers concerned, the International Committee of the Red Cross or any other organization duly
p.(None): approved by the Parties to the conflict may undertake to ensure the conveyance of such
p.(None): shipments by suitable means (railway wagons, motor vehicles, vessels or aircraft, etc.). For this
p.(None): purpose, the High Contracting Parties shall endeavour to supply them with such transport and
p.(None): to allow its circulation, especially by granting the necessary safe-conducts.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Such transport may also be used to convey:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) correspondence, lists and reports exchanged between the Central Information Agency
p.(None): referred to in Article 123 and the National Bureaux referred to in Article 122;
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) correspondence and reports relating to prisoners of war which the Protecting Powers, the
p.(None): International Committee of the Red Cross or any other body assisting the prisoners, exchange
p.(None): either with their own delegates or with the Parties to the conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): These provisions in no way detract from the right of any Party to the conflict to arrange other
p.(None): means of transport, if it should so prefer, nor preclude the granting of safe-conducts, under
p.(None): mutually agreed conditions, to such means of transport.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In the absence of special agreements, the costs occasioned by the use of such means of
p.(None): transport shall be borne proportionally by the Parties to the conflict whose nationals are
p.(None): benefited thereby.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 76. The censoring of correspondence addressed to prisoners of war or despatched by them
p.(None): shall be done as quickly as possible. Mail shall be censored only by the despatching State and
p.(None): the receiving State, and once only by each.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The examination of consignments intended for prisoners of war shall not be carried out under
p.(None): conditions that will expose the goods contained in them to deterioration; except in the case of
p.(None): written or printed matter, it shall be done in the presence of the addressee, or of a fellow-
p.(None): prisoner duly delegated by him. The delivery to prisoners of individual or collective
p.(None): consignments shall not be delayed under the pretext of difficulties of censorship.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any prohibition of correspondence ordered by Parties to the conflict, either for military or political
p.(None): reasons, shall be only temporary and its duration shall be as short as possible.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 77. The Detaining Powers shall provide all facilities for the transmission, through the
p.(None): Protecting Power or the Central Prisoners of War Agency provided for in Article 123 of
p.(None): instruments, papers or documents intended for prisoners of war or despatched by them,
p.(None): especially powers of attorney and wills.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In all cases they shall facilitate the preparation and execution of such documents on behalf of
p.(None): prisoners of war; in particular, they shall allow them to consult a lawyer and shall take what
p.(None): measures are necessary for the authentication of their signatures.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section VI. Relations Between Prisoners of War and the Authorities
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter I. Complaints of Prisoners of War Respecting the Conditions of Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 78 Prisoners of war shall have the right to make known to the military authorities in whose
p.(None): power they are, their requests regarding the conditions of captivity to which they are subjected.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): They shall also have the unrestricted right to apply to the representatives of the Protecting
p.(None): Powers either through their prisoners' representative or, if they consider it necessary, direct, in
p.(None): order to draw their attention to any points on which they may have complaints to make regarding
p.(None): their conditions of captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): These requests and complaints shall not be limited nor considered to be a part of the
p.(None): correspondence quota referred to in Article 71. They must be transmitted immediately. Even if
p.(None): they are recognized to be unfounded, they may not give rise to any punishment.
p.(None): Prisoners' representatives may send periodic reports on the situation in the camps and the
p.(None): needs of the prisoners of war to the representatives of the Protecting Powers.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter II. Prisoner of War Representatives
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 79. IIn all places where there are prisoners of war, except in those where there are officers,
p.(None): the prisoners shall freely elect by secret ballot, every six months, and also in case of vacancies,
p.(None): prisoners' representatives entrusted with representing them before the military authorities, the
p.(None): Protecting Powers, the International Committee of the Red Cross and any other organization
p.(None): which may assist them. These prisoners' representatives shall be eligible for re-election.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In camps for officers and persons of equivalent status or in mixed camps, the senior officer
p.(None): among the prisoners of war shall be recognized as the camp prisoners' representative. In
p.(None): camps for officers, he shall be assisted by one or more advisers chosen by the officers; in mixed
p.(None): camps, his assistants shall be chosen from among the prisoners of war who are not officers and
p.(None): shall be elected by them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Officer prisoners of war of the same nationality shall be stationed in labour camps for prisoners
p.(None): of war, for the purpose of carrying out the camp administration duties for which the prisoners of
p.(None): war are responsible. These officers may be elected as prisoners' representatives under the first
p.(None): paragraph of this Article. In such a case the assistants to the prisoners' representatives shall be
p.(None): chosen from among those prisoners of war who are not officers.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): In case of dismissal, the reasons therefor shall be communicated to the Protecting Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter III. Penal and Disciplinary Sanctions
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): I. General Provisions
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 82. A prisoner of war shall be subject to the laws, regulations and orders in force in the
p.(None): armed forces of the Detaining Power; the Detaining Power shall be justified in taking judicial or
p.(None): disciplinary measures in respect of any offence committed by a prisoner of war against such
p.(None): laws, regulations or orders. However, no proceedings or punishments contrary to the provisions
p.(None): of this Chapter shall be allowed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If any law, regulation or order of the Detaining Power shall declare acts committed by a prisoner
p.(None): of war to be punishable, whereas the same acts would not be punishable if committed by a
p.(None): member of the forces of the Detaining Power, such acts shall entail disciplinary punishments
p.(None): only.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 83. In deciding whether proceedings in respect of an offence alleged to have been
p.(None): committed by a prisoner of war shall be judicial or disciplinary, the Detaining Power shall ensure
p.(None): that the competent authorities exercise the greatest leniency and adopt, wherever possible,
p.(None): disciplinary rather than judicial measures.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 84. A prisoner of war shall be tried only by a military court, unless the existing laws of the
p.(None): Detaining Power expressly permit the civil courts to try a member of the armed forces of the
p.(None): Detaining Power in respect of the particular offence alleged to have been committed by the
p.(None): prisoner of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In no circumstances whatever shall a prisoner of war be tried by a court of any kind which does
p.(None): not offer the essential guarantees of independence and impartiality as generally recognized,
p.(None): and, in particular, the procedure of which does not afford the accused the rights and means of
p.(None): defence provided for in Article 105.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 85. Prisoners of war prosecuted under the laws of the Detaining Power for acts committed
p.(None): prior to capture shall retain, even if convicted, the benefits of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 86. No prisoner of war may be punished more than once for the same act or on the same
p.(None): charge.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 87. Prisoners of war may not be sentenced by the military authorities and courts of the
p.(None): Detaining Power to any penalties except those provided for in respect of members of the armed
p.(None): forces of the said Power who have committed the same acts.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): When fixing the penalty, the courts or authorities of the Detaining Power shall take into
p.(None): consideration, to the widest extent possible, the fact that the accused, not being a national of the
p.(None): Detaining Power, is not bound to it by any duty of allegiance, and that he is in its power as the
p.(None): result of circumstances independent of his own will. The said courts or authorities shall be at
p.(None): liberty to reduce the penalty provided for the violation of which the prisoner of war is accused,
p.(None): and shall therefore not be bound to apply the minimum penalty prescribed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Collective punishment for individual acts, corporal punishment, imprisonment in premises
p.(None): without daylight and, in general, any form of torture or cruelty, are forbidden.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No prisoner of war may be deprived of his rank by the Detaining Power, or prevented from
p.(None): wearing his badges.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 88. Officers, non-commissioned officers and men who are prisoners of war undergoing a
p.(None): disciplinary or judicial punishment, shall not be subjected to more severe treatment than that
p.(None): applied in respect of the same punishment to members of the armed forces of the Detaining
p.(None): Power of equivalent rank.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): days shall elapse between the execution of any two of the punishments, if the duration of one of
p.(None): these is ten days or more.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 91. The escape of a prisoner of war shall be deemed to have succeeded when:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) he has joined the armed forces of the Power on which he depends, or those of an allied
p.(None): Power;
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) he has left the territory under the control of the Detaining Power, or of an ally of the said
p.(None): Power;
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) he has joined a ship flying the flag of the Power on which he depends, or of an allied Power,
p.(None): in the territorial waters of the Detaining Power, the said ship not being under the control of the
p.(None): last named Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who have made good their escape in the sense of this Article and who are
p.(None): recaptured, shall not be liable to any punishment in respect of their previous escape.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 92. A prisoner of war who attempts to escape and is recaptured before having made good
p.(None): his escape in the sense of Article 91 shall be liable only to a disciplinary punishment in respect
p.(None): of this act, even if it is a repeated offence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A prisoner of war who is recaptured shall be handed over without delay to the competent military
p.(None): authority.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 88, fourth paragraph, notwithstanding, prisoners of war punished as a result of an
p.(None): unsuccessful escape may be subjected to special surveillance. Such surveillance must not
p.(None): affect the state of their health, must be undergone in a prisoner of war camp, and must not entail
p.(None): the suppression of any of the safeguards granted them by the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 93. Escape or attempt to escape, even if it is a repeated offence, shall not be deemed an
p.(None): aggravating circumstance if the prisoner of war is subjected to trial by judicial proceedings in
p.(None): respect of an offence committed during his escape or attempt to escape.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In conformity with the principle stated in Article 83, offences committed by prisoners of war with
p.(None): the sole intention of facilitating their escape and which do not entail any violence against life or
p.(None): limb, such as offences against public property, theft without intention of self-enrichment, the
p.(None): drawing up or use of false papers, or the wearing of civilian clothing, shall occasion disciplinary
p.(None): punishment only.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who aid or abet an escape or an attempt to escape shall be liable on this count
p.(None): to disciplinary punishment only.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 94. If an escaped prisoner of war is recaptured, the Power on which he depends shall be
p.(None): notified thereof in the manner defined in Article 122, provided notification of his escape has
p.(None): been made.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 95. A prisoner of war accused of an offence against discipline shall not be kept in
p.(None): confinement pending the hearing unless a member of the armed forces of the Detaining Power
p.(None): would be so kept if he were accused of a similar offence, or if it is essential in the interests of
p.(None): camp order and discipline.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any period spent by a prisoner of war in confinement awaiting the disposal of an offence
p.(None): against discipline shall be reduced to an absolute minimum and shall not exceed fourteen days.
p.(None): The provisions of Articles 97 and 98 of this Chapter shall apply to prisoners of war who are in
p.(None): confinement awaiting the disposal of offences against discipline.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 96. Acts which constitute offences against discipline shall be investigated immediately.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Without prejudice to the competence of courts and superior military authorities, disciplinary
p.(None): punishment may be ordered only by an officer having disciplinary powers in his capacity as
p.(None): camp commander, or by a responsible officer who replaces him or to whom he has delegated
p.(None): his disciplinary powers.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In no case may such powers be delegated to a prisoner of war or be exercised by a prisoner of
p.(None): war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Before any disciplinary award is pronounced, the accused shall be given precise information
p.(None): regarding the offences of which he is accused, and given an opportunity of explaining his
p.(None): conduct and of defending himself. He shall be permitted, in particular, to call witnesses and to
p.(None): have recourse, if necessary, to the services of a qualified interpreter. The decision shall be
p.(None): announced to the accused prisoner of war and to the prisoners' representative.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A record of disciplinary punishments shall be maintained by the camp commander and shall be
p.(None): open to inspection by representatives of the Protecting Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 97. Prisoners of war shall not in any case be transferred to penitentiary establishments
p.(None): (prisons, penitentiaries, convict prisons, etc.) to undergo disciplinary punishment therein.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): All premises in which disciplinary punishments are undergone shall conform to the sanitary
...
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 114. Prisoners of war who meet with accidents shall, unless the injury is self-inflicted, have
p.(None): the benefit of the provisions of this Convention as regards repatriation or accommodation in a
p.(None): neutral country.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 115. No prisoner of war on whom a disciplinary punishment has been imposed and who is
p.(None): eligible for repatriation or for accommodation in a neutral country, may be kept back on the plea
p.(None): that he has not undergone his punishment.
p.(None): Prisoners of war detained in connection with a judicial prosecution or conviction, and who are
p.(None): designated for repatriation or accommodation in a neutral country, may benefit by such
p.(None): measures before the end of the proceedings or the completion of the punishment, if the
p.(None): Detaining Power consents.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Parties to the conflict shall communicate to each other the names of those who will be detained
p.(None): until the end of the proceedings or the completion of the punishment.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 116. The cost of repatriating prisoners of war or of transporting them to a neutral country
p.(None): shall be borne, from the frontiers of the Detaining Power, by the Power on which the said
p.(None): prisoners depend.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 117. No repatriated person may be employed on active military service.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section II. Release and Repatriation of Prisoners of War at the Close of Hostilities
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 118. Prisoners of war shall be released and repatriated without delay after the cessation of
p.(None): active hostilities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In the absence of stipulations to the above effect in any agreement concluded between the
p.(None): Parties to the conflict with a view to the cessation of hostilities, or failing any such agreement,
p.(None): each of the Detaining Powers shall itself establish and execute without delay a plan of
p.(None): repatriation in conformity with the principle laid down in the foregoing paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In either case, the measures adopted shall be brought to the knowledge of the prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The costs of repatriation of prisoners of war shall in all cases be equitably apportioned between
p.(None): the Detaining Power and the Power on which the prisoners depend. This apportionment shall be
p.(None): carried out on the following basis:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) If the two Powers are contiguous, the Power on which the prisoners of war depend shall
p.(None): bear the costs of repatriation from the frontiers of the Detaining Power.
p.(None): (b) If the two Powers are not contiguous, the Detaining Power shall bear the costs of transport of
...
p.(None): shipment. At the same time, receipts for these consignments shall be supplied by the
p.(None): administrative authorities responsible for guarding the prisoners.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part VI. Execution of the Convention
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section I. General Provisions
p.(None): Art 126. Representatives or delegates of the Protecting Powers shall have permission to go to all
p.(None): places where prisoners of war may be, particularly to places of internment, imprisonment and
p.(None): labour, and shall have access to all premises occupied by prisoners of war; they shall also be
p.(None): allowed to go to the places of departure, passage and arrival of prisoners who are being
p.(None): transferred. They shall be able to interview the prisoners, and in particular the prisoners'
p.(None): representatives, without witnesses, either personally or through an interpreter.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Representatives and delegates of the Protecting Powers shall have full liberty to select the
p.(None): places they wish to visit. The duration and frequency of these visits shall not be restricted. Visits
p.(None): may not be prohibited except for reasons of imperative military necessity, and then only as an
p.(None): exceptional and temporary measure.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power and the Power on which the said prisoners of war depend may agree, if
p.(None): necessary, that compatriots of these prisoners of war be permitted to participate in the visits.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The delegates of the International Committee of the Red Cross shall enjoy the same
p.(None): prerogatives. The appointment of such delegates shall be submitted to the approval of the
p.(None): Power detaining the prisoners of war to be visited.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 127. The High Contracting Parties undertake, in time of peace as in time of war, to
p.(None): disseminate the text of the present Convention as widely as possible in their respective
p.(None): countries, and, in particular, to include the study thereof in their programmes of military and, if
p.(None): possible, civil instruction, so that the principles thereof may become known to all their armed
p.(None): forces and to the entire population.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any military or other authorities, who in time of war assume responsibilities in respect of
p.(None): prisoners of war, must possess the text of the Convention and be specially instructed as to its
p.(None): provisions.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 128. The High Contracting Parties shall communicate to one another through the Swiss
p.(None): Federal Council and, during hostilities, through the Protecting Powers, the official translations of
p.(None): the present Convention, as well as the laws and regulations which they may adopt to ensure the
p.(None): application thereof.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 129. The High Contracting Parties undertake to enact any legislation necessary to provide
p.(None): effective penal sanctions for persons committing, or ordering to be committed, any of the grave
p.(None): breaches of the present Convention defined in the following Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Each High Contracting Party shall be under the obligation to search for persons alleged to have
p.(None): committed. or to have ordered to be committed, such grave breaches, and shall bring such
p.(None): persons, regardless of their nationality, before its own courts. It may also, if it prefers, and in
p.(None): accordance with the provisions of its own legislation, hand such persons over for trial to another
p.(None): High Contracting Party concerned, provided such High Contracting Party has made out a prima
p.(None): facie case.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Each High Contracting Party shall take measures necessary for the suppression of all acts
...
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following cases shall not be eligible for accommodation in a neutral country:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) All duly verified chronic psychoses.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) All organic or functional nervous affections considered to be incurable.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) All contagious diseases during the period in which they are transmissible, with the exception
p.(None): of tuberculosis.
p.(None): II. General Observations
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) The conditions given shall, in a general way, be interpreted and applied in as broad a spirit
p.(None): as possible. Neuropathic and psychopathic conditions caused by war or captivity, as well as
p.(None): cases of tuberculosis in all stages, shall above all benefit by such liberal interpretation. Prisoners
p.(None): of war who have sustained several wounds, none of which, considered by itself, justifies
p.(None): repatriation, shall be examined in the same spirit, with due regard for the psychic traumatism
p.(None): due to the number of their wounds.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) All unquestionable cases giving the right to direct repatriation (amputation, total blindness or
p.(None): deafness, open pulmonary tuberculosis, mental disorder, malignant growth, etc.) shall be
p.(None): examined and repatriated as soon as possible by the camp physicians or by military medical
p.(None): commissions appointed by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Injuries and diseases which existed before the war and which have not become worse, as
p.(None): well as war injuries which have not prevented subsequent military service, shall not entitle to
p.(None): direct repatriation.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (4) The provisions of this Annex shall be interpreted and applied in a similar manner in all
p.(None): countries party to the conflict. The Powers and authorities concerned shall grant to Mixed
p.(None): Medical Commissions all the facilities necessary for the accomplishment of their task.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (5) The examples quoted under (1) above represent only typical cases. Cases which do not
p.(None): correspond exactly to these provisions shall be judged in the spirit of the provisions of Article
p.(None): 110 of the present Convention, and of the principles embodied in the present Agreement.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Annex II. Regulations Concerning Mixed Medical Commissions (see Art 112.)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 1. The Mixed Medical Commissions provided for in Article 112 of the Convention shall be
p.(None): composed of three members, two of whom shall belong to a neutral country, the third being
p.(None): appointed by the Detaining Power. One of the neutral members shall take the chair.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 2. The two neutral members shall be appointed by the International Committee of the Red
p.(None): Cross, acting in agreement with the Protecting Power, at the request of the Detaining Power.
p.(None): They may be domiciled either in their country of origin, in any other neutral country, or in the
p.(None): territory of the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 3. The neutral members shall be approved by the Parties to the conflict concerned, who shall
p.(None): notify their approval to the International Committee of the Red Cross and to the Protecting
p.(None): Power. Upon such notification, the neutral members shall be considered as effectively
p.(None): appointed.
...
Social / Threat of Stigma
Searching for indicator threat:
(return to top)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 110. The following shall be repatriated direct:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Incurably wounded and sick whose mental or physical fitness seems to have been gravely
p.(None): diminished.
p.(None): (2) Wounded and sick who, according to medical opinion, are not likely to recover within one
p.(None): year, whose condition requires treatment and whose mental or physical fitness seems to have
p.(None): been gravely diminished.
p.(None): (3) Wounded and sick who have recovered, but whose mental or physical fitness seems to have
p.(None): been gravely and permanently diminished.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following may be accommodated in a neutral country:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Wounded and sick whose recovery may be expected within one year of the date of the
p.(None): wound or the beginning of the illness, if treatment in a neutral country might increase the
p.(None): prospects of a more certain and speedy recovery.
p.(None): (2) Prisoners of war whose mental or physical health, according to medical opinion, is seriously
p.(None): threatened by continued captivity, but whose accommodation in a neutral country might remove
p.(None): such a threat.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The conditions which prisoners of war accommodated in a neutral country must fulfil in order to
p.(None): permit their repatriation shall be fixed, as shall likewise their status, by agreement between the
p.(None): Powers concerned. In general, prisoners of war who have been accommodated in a neutral
p.(None): country, and who belong to the following categories, should be repatriated:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Those whose state of health has deteriorated so as to fulfil the condition laid down for direct
p.(None): repatriation;
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Those whose mental or physical powers remain, even after treatment, considerably
p.(None): impaired.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If no special agreements are concluded between the Parties to the conflict concerned, to
p.(None): determine the cases of disablement or sickness entailing direct repatriation or accommodation
p.(None): in a neutral country, such cases shall be settled in accordance with the principles laid down in
p.(None): the Model Agreement concerning direct repatriation and accommodation in neutral countries of
p.(None): wounded and sick prisoners of war and in the Regulations concerning Mixed Medical
p.(None): Commissions annexed to the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 111. The Detaining Power, the Power on which the prisoners of war depend, and a neutral
p.(None): Power agreed upon by these two Powers, shall endeavour to conclude agreements which will
...
Social / Threat of Violence
Searching for indicator violence:
(return to top)
p.(None): High Contracting Party, even if the said occupation meets with no armed resistance.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Although one of the Powers in conflict may not be a party to the present Convention, the Powers
p.(None): who are parties thereto shall remain bound by it in their mutual relations. They shall furthermore
p.(None): be bound by the Convention in relation to the said Power, if the latter accepts and applies the
p.(None): provisions thereof.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 3. In the case of armed conflict not of an international character occurring in the territory of
p.(None): one of the High Contracting Parties, each Party to the conflict shall be bound to apply, as a
p.(None): minimum, the following
p.(None): provisions:
p.(None): (1) Persons taking no active part in the hostilities, including members of armed forces who have
p.(None): laid down their arms and those placed hors de combat by sickness, wounds, detention, or any
p.(None): other cause, shall in all circumstances be treated humanely, without any adverse distinction
p.(None): founded on race, colour, religion or faith, sex, birth or wealth, or any other similar criteria. To this
p.(None): end the following acts are and shall remain prohibited at any time and in any place whatsoever
p.(None): with respect to the above-mentioned persons:
p.(None): (a) violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds, mutilation, cruel treatment and
p.(None): torture;
p.(None): (b) taking of hostages;
p.(None): (c) outrages upon personal dignity, in particular, humiliating and degrading treatment;
p.(None): (d) the passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgment
p.(None): pronounced by a regularly constituted court affording all the judicial guarantees which are
p.(None): recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples.
p.(None): (2) The wounded and sick shall be collected and cared for.
p.(None): An impartial humanitarian body, such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, may
p.(None): offer its services to the Parties to the conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Parties to the conflict should further endeavour to bring into force, by means of special
p.(None): agreements, all or part of the other provisions of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The application of the preceding provisions shall not affect the legal status of the Parties to the
p.(None): conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 4. A. Prisoners of war, in the sense of the present Convention, are persons belonging to one
p.(None): of the following categories, who have fallen into the power of the enemy:
p.(None): (1) Members of the armed forces of a Party to the conflict, as well as members of militias or
p.(None): volunteer corps forming part of such armed forces.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): such transferee Power to apply the Convention. When prisoners of war are transferred under
p.(None): such circumstances, responsibility for the application of the Convention rests on the Power
p.(None): accepting them while they are in its custody.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Nevertheless, if that Power fails to carry out the provisions of the Convention in any important
p.(None): respect, the Power by whom the prisoners of war were transferred shall, upon being notified by
p.(None): the Protecting Power, take effective measures to correct the situation or shall request the return
p.(None): of the prisoners of war. Such requests must be complied with.
p.(None): Art 13. Prisoners of war must at all times be humanely treated. Any unlawful act or omission by
p.(None): the Detaining Power causing death or seriously endangering the health of a prisoner of war in
p.(None): its custody is prohibited, and will be regarded as a serious breach of the present Convention. In
p.(None): particular, no prisoner of war may be subjected to physical mutilation or to medical or scientific
p.(None): experiments of any kind which are not justified by the medical, dental or hospital treatment of
p.(None): the prisoner concerned and carried out in his interest.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Likewise, prisoners of war must at all times be protected, particularly against acts of violence or
p.(None): intimidation and against insults and public curiosity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Measures of reprisal against prisoners of war are prohibited.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 14. Prisoners of war are entitled in all circumstances to respect for their persons and their
p.(None): honour.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Women shall be treated with all the regard due to their sex and shall in all cases benefit by
p.(None): treatment as favourable as that granted to men.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall retain the full civil capacity which they enjoyed at the time of their capture.
p.(None): The Detaining Power may not restrict the exercise, either within or without its own territory, of the
p.(None): rights such capacity confers except in so far as the captivity requires.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 15. The Power detaining prisoners of war shall be bound to provide free of charge for their
p.(None): maintenance and for the medical attention required by their state of health.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 16. Taking into consideration the provisions of the present Convention relating to rank and
p.(None): sex, and subject to any privileged treatment which may be accorded to them by reason of their
p.(None): state of health, age or professional qualifications, all prisoners of war shall be treated alike by
...
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 92. A prisoner of war who attempts to escape and is recaptured before having made good
p.(None): his escape in the sense of Article 91 shall be liable only to a disciplinary punishment in respect
p.(None): of this act, even if it is a repeated offence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A prisoner of war who is recaptured shall be handed over without delay to the competent military
p.(None): authority.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 88, fourth paragraph, notwithstanding, prisoners of war punished as a result of an
p.(None): unsuccessful escape may be subjected to special surveillance. Such surveillance must not
p.(None): affect the state of their health, must be undergone in a prisoner of war camp, and must not entail
p.(None): the suppression of any of the safeguards granted them by the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 93. Escape or attempt to escape, even if it is a repeated offence, shall not be deemed an
p.(None): aggravating circumstance if the prisoner of war is subjected to trial by judicial proceedings in
p.(None): respect of an offence committed during his escape or attempt to escape.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In conformity with the principle stated in Article 83, offences committed by prisoners of war with
p.(None): the sole intention of facilitating their escape and which do not entail any violence against life or
p.(None): limb, such as offences against public property, theft without intention of self-enrichment, the
p.(None): drawing up or use of false papers, or the wearing of civilian clothing, shall occasion disciplinary
p.(None): punishment only.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who aid or abet an escape or an attempt to escape shall be liable on this count
p.(None): to disciplinary punishment only.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 94. If an escaped prisoner of war is recaptured, the Power on which he depends shall be
p.(None): notified thereof in the manner defined in Article 122, provided notification of his escape has
p.(None): been made.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 95. A prisoner of war accused of an offence against discipline shall not be kept in
p.(None): confinement pending the hearing unless a member of the armed forces of the Detaining Power
p.(None): would be so kept if he were accused of a similar offence, or if it is essential in the interests of
p.(None): camp order and discipline.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Any period spent by a prisoner of war in confinement awaiting the disposal of an offence
p.(None): against discipline shall be reduced to an absolute minimum and shall not exceed fourteen days.
p.(None): The provisions of Articles 97 and 98 of this Chapter shall apply to prisoners of war who are in
p.(None): confinement awaiting the disposal of offences against discipline.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
Social / Victim of Abuse
Searching for indicator trauma:
(return to top)
p.(None): principles of the law of nations, as they result from the usages established among civilized
p.(None): peoples, from the laws of humanity and the dictates of the public conscience.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 143. The Swiss Federal Council shall register the present Convention with the Secretariat of
p.(None): the United Nations. The Swiss Federal Council shall also inform the Secretariat of the United
p.(None): Nations of all ratifications, accessions and denunciations received by it with respect to the
p.(None): present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, having deposited their respective full powers, have
p.(None): signed the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): DONE at Geneva this twelfth day of August 1949, in the English and French languages. The
p.(None): original shall be deposited in the Archives of the Swiss Confederation. The Swiss Federal
p.(None): Council shall transmit certified copies thereof to each of the signatory and acceding States.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Annex I. Model Agreement Concerning Direct Repatriation and Accommodation in Neutral
p.(None): Countries of Wounded and Sick Prisoners of War.(see Art 110.)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): I. Principles for Direct Repatriation and Accommodation in Neutral Countries
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A. DIRECT REPATRIATION
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following shall be repatriated direct:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) All prisoners of war suffering from the following disabilities as the result of trauma: loss of a
p.(None): limb, paralysis, articular or other disabilities, when this disability is at least the loss of a hand or
p.(None): a foot, or the equivalent of the loss of a hand or a foot.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Without prejudice to a more generous interpretation, the following shall be considered as
p.(None): equivalent to the loss of a hand or a foot:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) Loss of a hand or of all the fingers, or of the thumb and forefinger of one hand; loss of a foot,
p.(None): or of all the toes and metatarsals of one foot.
p.(None): (b) Ankylosis, loss of osseous tissue, cicatricial contracture preventing the functioning of one of
p.(None): the large articulations or of all the digital joints of one hand.
p.(None): (c) Pseudarthrosis of the long bones.
p.(None): (d) Deformities due to fracture or other injury which seriously interfere with function and weight-
p.(None): bearing power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) All wounded prisoners of war whose condition has become chronic, to the extent that
p.(None): prognosis appears to exclude recovery--in spite of treatment--within one year from the date of
p.(None): the injury, as, for example, in case of:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) Projectile in the heart, even if the Mixed Medical Commission should fail, at the time of their
p.(None): examination, to detect any serious disorders.
p.(None): (b) Metallic splinter in the brain or the lungs, even if the Mixed Medical Commission cannot, at
p.(None): the time of examination, detect any local or general reaction.
p.(None): (c) Osteomyelitis, when recovery cannot be foreseen in the course of the year following the
p.(None): injury, and which seems likely to result in ankylosis of a joint, or other impairments equivalent to
...
Social / Women
Searching for indicator women:
(return to top)
p.(None): the Protecting Power, take effective measures to correct the situation or shall request the return
p.(None): of the prisoners of war. Such requests must be complied with.
p.(None): Art 13. Prisoners of war must at all times be humanely treated. Any unlawful act or omission by
p.(None): the Detaining Power causing death or seriously endangering the health of a prisoner of war in
p.(None): its custody is prohibited, and will be regarded as a serious breach of the present Convention. In
p.(None): particular, no prisoner of war may be subjected to physical mutilation or to medical or scientific
p.(None): experiments of any kind which are not justified by the medical, dental or hospital treatment of
p.(None): the prisoner concerned and carried out in his interest.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Likewise, prisoners of war must at all times be protected, particularly against acts of violence or
p.(None): intimidation and against insults and public curiosity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Measures of reprisal against prisoners of war are prohibited.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 14. Prisoners of war are entitled in all circumstances to respect for their persons and their
p.(None): honour.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Women shall be treated with all the regard due to their sex and shall in all cases benefit by
p.(None): treatment as favourable as that granted to men.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall retain the full civil capacity which they enjoyed at the time of their capture.
p.(None): The Detaining Power may not restrict the exercise, either within or without its own territory, of the
p.(None): rights such capacity confers except in so far as the captivity requires.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 15. The Power detaining prisoners of war shall be bound to provide free of charge for their
p.(None): maintenance and for the medical attention required by their state of health.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 16. Taking into consideration the provisions of the present Convention relating to rank and
p.(None): sex, and subject to any privileged treatment which may be accorded to them by reason of their
p.(None): state of health, age or professional qualifications, all prisoners of war shall be treated alike by
p.(None): the Detaining Power, without any adverse distinction based on race, nationality, religious belief
p.(None): or political opinions, or any other distinction founded on similar criteria.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part III. Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section 1. Beginning of Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): concerned may, however, agree upon any other system of marking. Only prisoner of war camps
p.(None): shall be marked as such.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 24. Transit or screening camps of a permanent kind shall be fitted out under conditions
p.(None): similar to those described in the present Section, and the prisoners therein shall have the same
p.(None): treatment as in other camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter II. Quarters, Food and Clothing of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 25. Prisoners of war shall be quartered under conditions as favourable as those for the
p.(None): forces of the Detaining Power who are billeted in the same area. The said conditions shall make
p.(None): allowance for the habits and customs of the prisoners and shall in no case be prejudicial to their
p.(None): health.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The foregoing provisions shall apply in particular to the dormitories of prisoners of war as
p.(None): regards both total surface and minimum cubic space, and the general installations, bedding and
p.(None): blankets.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The premises provided for the use of prisoners of war individually or collectively, shall be
p.(None): entirely protected from dampness and adequately heated and lighted, in particular between
p.(None): dusk and lights out. All precautions must be taken against the danger of fire.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In any camps in which women prisoners of war, as well as men, are accommodated, separate
p.(None): dormitories shall be provided for them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 26. The basic daily food rations shall be sufficient in quantity, quality and variety to keep
p.(None): prisoners of war in good health and to prevent loss of weight or the development of nutritional
p.(None): deficiencies. Account shall also be taken of the habitual diet of the prisoners.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power shall supply prisoners of war who work with such additional rations as are
p.(None): necessary for the labour on which they are employed.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Sufficient drinking water shall be supplied to prisoners of war. The use of tobacco shall be
p.(None): permitted.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall, as far as possible, be associated with the preparation of their meals; they
p.(None): may be employed for that purpose in the kitchens. Furthermore, they shall be given the means
p.(None): of preparing, themselves, the additional food in their possession.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Adequate premises shall be provided for messing.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Collective disciplinary measures affecting food are prohibited.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 27. Clothing, underwear and footwear shall be supplied to prisoners of war in sufficient
p.(None): quantities by the Detaining Power, which shall make allowance for the climate of the region
...
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 28. Canteens shall be installed in all camps, where prisoners of war may procure foodstuffs,
p.(None): soap and tobacco and ordinary articles in daily use. The tariff shall never be in excess of local
p.(None): market prices.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The profits made by camp canteens shall be used for the benefit of the prisoners; a special fund
p.(None): shall be created for this purpose. The prisoners' representative shall have the right to
p.(None): collaborate in the management of the canteen and of this fund.
p.(None): When a camp is closed down, the credit balance of the special fund shall be handed to an
p.(None): international welfare organization, to be employed for the benefit of prisoners of war of the same
p.(None): nationality as those who have contributed to the fund. In case of a general repatriation, such
p.(None): profits shall be kept by the Detaining Power, subject to any agreement to the contrary between
p.(None): the Powers concerned.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter III. Hygene and Medical Attention
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 29. The Detaining Power shall be bound to take all sanitary measures necessary to ensure
p.(None): the cleanliness and healthfulness of camps and to prevent epidemics.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall have for their use, day and night, conveniences which conform to the
p.(None): rules of hygiene and are maintained in a constant state of cleanliness. In any camps in which
p.(None): women prisoners of war are accommodated, separate conveniences shall be provided for them.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Also, apart from the baths and showers with which the camps shall be furnished prisoners of
p.(None): war shall be provided with sufficient water and soap for their personal toilet and for washing their
p.(None): personal laundry; the necessary installations, facilities and time shall be granted them for that
p.(None): purpose.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 30. Every camp shall have an adequate infirmary where prisoners of war may have the
p.(None): attention they require, as well as appropriate diet. Isolation wards shall, if necessary, be set
p.(None): aside for cases of contagious or mental disease.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war suffering from serious disease, or whose condition necessitates special
p.(None): treatment, a surgical operation or hospital care, must be admitted to any military or civilian
p.(None): medical unit where such treatment can be given, even if their repatriation is contemplated in the
p.(None): near future. Special facilities shall be afforded for the care to be given to the disabled, in
p.(None): particular to the blind, and for their. rehabilitation, pending repatriation.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war shall have the attention, preferably, of medical personnel of the Power on
p.(None): which they depend and, if possible, of their nationality.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Before any disciplinary award is pronounced, the accused shall be given precise information
p.(None): regarding the offences of which he is accused, and given an opportunity of explaining his
p.(None): conduct and of defending himself. He shall be permitted, in particular, to call witnesses and to
p.(None): have recourse, if necessary, to the services of a qualified interpreter. The decision shall be
p.(None): announced to the accused prisoner of war and to the prisoners' representative.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A record of disciplinary punishments shall be maintained by the camp commander and shall be
p.(None): open to inspection by representatives of the Protecting Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 97. Prisoners of war shall not in any case be transferred to penitentiary establishments
p.(None): (prisons, penitentiaries, convict prisons, etc.) to undergo disciplinary punishment therein.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): All premises in which disciplinary punishments are undergone shall conform to the sanitary
p.(None): requirements set forth in Article 25. A prisoner of war undergoing punishment shall be enabled
p.(None): to keep himself in a state of cleanliness, in conformity with Article 29.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Officers and persons of equivalent status shall not be lodged in the same quarters as non-
p.(None): commissioned officers or men.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Women prisoners of war undergoing disciplinary punishment shall be confined in separate
p.(None): quarters from male prisoners of war and shall be under the immediate supervision of women.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 98. A prisoner of war undergoing confinement as a disciplinary punishment, shall continue to
p.(None): enjoy the benefits of.the provisions of this Convention except in so far as these are necessarily
p.(None): rendered inapplicable by the mere fact that he is confined. In no case may he be deprived of the
p.(None): benefits of the provisions of Articles 78 and 126.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A prisoner of war awarded disciplinary punishment may not be deprived of the prerogatives
p.(None): attached to his rank.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war awarded disciplinary punishment shall be allowed to exercise and to stay in the
p.(None): open air at least two hours daily.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): They shall be allowed, on their request, to be present at the daily medical inspections. They
p.(None): shall receive the attention which their state of health requires and, if necessary, shall be
p.(None): removed to the camp infirmary or to a hospital.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): They shall have permission to read and write, likewise to send and receive letters. Parcels and
p.(None): remittances of money however, may be withheld from them until the completion of the
p.(None): punishment; they shall meanwhile be entrusted to the prisoners' representative, who-will hand
p.(None): over to the infirmary the perishable goods contained in such parcels.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): III. Juridicial Proceedings
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 99. No prisoner of war may be tried or sentenced for an act which is not forbidden by the law
...
p.(None): right of appeal.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Furthermore, if a prisoner of war is finally convicted or if a sentence pronounced on a prisoner of
p.(None): war in the first instance is a death sentence, the Detaining Power shall as soon as possible
p.(None): address to the Protecting Power a detailed communication containing:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) the precise wording of the finding and sentence;
p.(None): (2) a summarized report of any preliminary investigation and of the trial, emphasizing in
p.(None): particular the elements of the prosecution and the defence;
p.(None): (3) notification, where applicable, of the establishment where the sentence will be served.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The communications provided for in the foregoing sub-paragraphs shall be sent to the
p.(None): Protecting Power at the address previously made known to the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 108.Sentences pronounced on prisoners of war after a conviction has become duly
p.(None): enforceable, shall be served in the same establishments and under the same conditions as in
p.(None): the case of members of the armed forces of the Detaining Power. These conditions shall in all
p.(None): cases conform to the requirements of health and humanity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A woman prisoner of war on whom such a sentence has been pronounced shall be confined in
p.(None): separate quarters and shall be under the supervision of women.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In any case, prisoners of war sentenced to a penalty depriving them of their liberty shall retain
p.(None): the benefit of the provisions of Articles 78 and 126 of the present Convention. Furthermore, they
p.(None): shall be entitled to receive and despatch correspondence, to receive at least one relief parcel
p.(None): monthly, to take regular exercise in the open air, to have the medical care required by their state
p.(None): of health, and the spiritual assistance they may desire. Penalties to which they may be
p.(None): subjected shall be in accordance with the provisions of Article 87, third paragraph.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part IV. Termination of Captivity
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section I. Direct Repatriation and Accommodation in Neutral Countries
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 109. Subject to the provisions of the third paragraph of this Article, Parties to the conflict are
p.(None): bound to send back to their own country, regardless of number or rank, seriously wounded and
p.(None): seriously sick prisoners of war, after having cared for them until they are fit to travel, in
p.(None): accordance with the first paragraph of the following Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Throughout the duration of hostilities, Parties to the conflict shall endeavour, with the
p.(None): cooperation of the neutral Powers concerned, to make arrangements for the accommodation in
p.(None): neutral countries of the sick and wounded prisoners of war referred to in the second paragraph
...
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Prisoners of war suffering from any form of tuberculosis, of whatever organ, and whose
p.(None): treatment in a neutral country would be likely to lead to recovery or at least to considerable
p.(None): improvement, with the exception of primary tuberculosis cured before captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Prisoners of war suffering from affections requiring treatment of the respiratory, circulatory,
p.(None): digestive, nervous, sensory, genito-urinary, cutaneous, locomotive organs, etc., if such
p.(None): treatment would clearly have better results in a neutral country than in captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (4) Prisoners of war who have undergone a nephrectomy in captivity for a non-tubercular renal
p.(None): affection; cases of osteomyelitis, on the way to recovery or latent; diabetes mellitus not requiring
p.(None): insulin treatment; etc.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (5) Prisoners of war suffering from war or captivity neuroses. Cases of captivity neurosis which
p.(None): are not cured after three months of accommodation in a neutral country, or which after that
p.(None): length of time are not clearly on the way to complete cure, shall be repatriated.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (6) All prisoners of war suffering from chronic intoxication (gases, metals, alkaloids, etc.), for
p.(None): whom the prospects of cure in a neutral country are especially favourable.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (7) All women prisoners of war who are pregnant or mothers with infants and small children.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following cases shall not be eligible for accommodation in a neutral country:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) All duly verified chronic psychoses.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) All organic or functional nervous affections considered to be incurable.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) All contagious diseases during the period in which they are transmissible, with the exception
p.(None): of tuberculosis.
p.(None): II. General Observations
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) The conditions given shall, in a general way, be interpreted and applied in as broad a spirit
p.(None): as possible. Neuropathic and psychopathic conditions caused by war or captivity, as well as
p.(None): cases of tuberculosis in all stages, shall above all benefit by such liberal interpretation. Prisoners
p.(None): of war who have sustained several wounds, none of which, considered by itself, justifies
p.(None): repatriation, shall be examined in the same spirit, with due regard for the psychic traumatism
p.(None): due to the number of their wounds.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) All unquestionable cases giving the right to direct repatriation (amputation, total blindness or
p.(None): deafness, open pulmonary tuberculosis, mental disorder, malignant growth, etc.) shall be
p.(None): examined and repatriated as soon as possible by the camp physicians or by military medical
...
Social / education
Searching for indicator educational:
(return to top)
p.(None): their own forces, shall be at liberty, whatever their denomination, to minister freely to the
p.(None): members of their community. For this purpose, they shall receive the same treatment as the
p.(None): chaplains retained by the Detaining Power. They shall not be obliged to do any other work.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 37. When prisoners of war have not the assistance of a retained chaplain or of a prisoner of
p.(None): war minister of their faith, a minister belonging to the prisoners' or a similar denomination, or in
p.(None): his absence a qualified layman, if such a course is feasible from a confessional point of view,
p.(None): shall be appointed, at the request of the prisoners concerned, to fill this office. This appointment,
p.(None): subject to the approval of the Detaining Power, shall take place with the agreement of the
p.(None): community of prisoners concerned and, wherever necessary, with the approval of the local
p.(None): religious authorities of the same faith. The person thus appointed shall comply with all
p.(None): regulations established by the Detaining Power in the interests of discipline and military security.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 38. While respecting the individual preferences of every prisoner, the Detaining Power shall
p.(None): encourage the practice of intellectual, educational, and recreational pursuits, sports and games
p.(None): amongst prisoners, and shall take the measures necessary to ensure the exercise thereof by
p.(None): providing them with adequate premises and necessary equipment.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners shall have opportunities for taking physical exercise, including sports and games, and
p.(None): for being out of doors. Sufficient open spaces shall be provided for this purpose in all camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter VI. Discipline
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 39. Every prisoner of war camp shall be put under the immediate authority of a responsible
p.(None): commissioned officer belonging to the regular armed forces of the Detaining Power. Such officer
p.(None): shall have in his possession a copy of the present Convention; he shall ensure that its
p.(None): provisions are known to the camp staff and the guard and shall be responsible, under the
p.(None): direction of his government, for its application.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war, with the exception of officers, must salute and show to all officers of the
p.(None): Detaining Power the external marks of respect provided for by the regulations applying in their
p.(None): own forces.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): cards must be conveyed by the most rapid method at the disposal of the Detaining Power; they
p.(None): may not be delayed or retained for
p.(None): disciplinary reasons.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who have been without news for a long period, or who are unable to receive
p.(None): news from their next of kin or to give them news by the ordinary postal route, as well as those
p.(None): who are at a great distance from their homes, shall be permitted to send telegrams, the fees
p.(None): being charged against the prisoners of war's accounts with the Detaining Power or paid in the
p.(None): currency at their disposal. They shall likewise benefit by this measure in cases of urgency.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): As a general rule, the correspondence of prisoners of war shall be written in their native
p.(None): language. The Parties to the conflict may allow correspondence in other languages.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Sacks containing prisoner of war mail must be securely sealed and labelled so as clearly to
p.(None): indicate their contents, and must be addressed to offices of destination.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 72. Prisoners of war shall be allowed to receive by post or by any other means individual
p.(None): parcels or collective shipments containing, in particular, foodstuffs, clothing, medical supplies
p.(None): and articles of a religious, educational or recreational character which may meet their needs,
p.(None): including books, devotional articles, scientific equipment, examination papers, musical
p.(None): instruments, sports outfits and materials allowing prisoners of war to pursue their studies or their
p.(None): cultural activities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Such shipments shall in no way free the Detaining Power from the obligations imposed upon it
p.(None): by virtue of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The only limits which may be placed on these shipments shall be those proposed by the
p.(None): Protecting Power in the interest of the prisoners themselves, or by the International Committee
p.(None): of the Red Cross or any other organization giving assistance to the prisoners, in respect of their
p.(None): own shipments only, on account of exceptional strain on transport or communications.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The conditions for the sending of individual parcels and collective relief shall, if necessary, be
p.(None): the subject of special agreements between the Powers concerned, which may in no case delay
p.(None): the receipt by the prisoners of relief supplies. Books may not be included in parcels of clothing
p.(None): and foodstuffs. Medical supplies shall, as a rule, be sent in collective parcels.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 73. In the absence of special agreements between the Powers concerned on the conditions
p.(None): for the receipt and distribution of collective relief shipments, the rules and regulations concerning
p.(None): collective shipments, which are annexed to the present Convention, shall be applied.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
p.(None): country of origin of the prisoners of war or to the Power on which they depend. It shall receive
p.(None): from the Parties to the conflict all facilities for effecting such transmissions.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The High Contracting Parties, and in particular those whose nationals benefit by the services of
p.(None): the Central Agency, are requested to give the said Agency the financial aid it may require.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The foregoing provisions shall in no way be interpreted as restricting the humanitarian activities
p.(None): of the International Committee of the Red Cross, or of the relief societies provided for in Article
p.(None): 125.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 124. The national Information Bureaux and the Central Information Agency shall enjoy free
p.(None): postage for mail, likewise all the exemptions provided for in Article 74, and further, so far as
p.(None): possible, exemption from telegraphic charges or, at least, greatly reduced rates.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 125. Subject to the measures which the Detaining Powers may consider essential to ensure
p.(None): their security or to meet any other reasonable need, the representatives of religious
p.(None): organizations, relief societies, or any other organization assisting prisoners of war, shall receive
p.(None): from the said Powers, for themselves and their duly accredited agents, all necessary facilities for
p.(None): visiting the prisoners, for distributing relief supplies and material, from any source, intended for
p.(None): religious, educational or recreative purposes, and for assisting them in organizing their leisure
p.(None): time within the camps. Such societies or organizations may be constituted in the territory of the
p.(None): Detaining Power or in any other country, or they may have an international character.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power may limit the number of societies and organizations whose delegates are
p.(None): allowed to carry out their activities in its territory and under its supervision, on condition,
p.(None): however, that such limitation shall not hinder the effective operation of adequate relief to all
p.(None): prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The special position of the International Committee of the Red Cross in this field shall be
p.(None): recognized and respected at all times.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): As soon as relief supplies or material intended for the above-mentioned purposes are handed
p.(None): over to prisoners of war, or very shortly afterwards, receipts for each consignment, signed by
p.(None): the prisoners' representative, shall be forwarded to the relief society or organization making the
p.(None): shipment. At the same time, receipts for these consignments shall be supplied by the
p.(None): administrative authorities responsible for guarding the prisoners.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part VI. Execution of the Convention
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section I. General Provisions
p.(None): Art 126. Representatives or delegates of the Protecting Powers shall have permission to go to all
...
Social / philosophical differences/differences of opinion
Searching for indicator opinion:
(return to top)
p.(None): not be rendered excessive thereby.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 54. The working pay due to prisoners of war shall be fixed in accordance with the provisions
p.(None): of Article 62 of the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who sustain accidents in connection with work, or who contract a disease in
p.(None): the course, or in consequence of their work, shall receive all the care their condition may
p.(None): require. The Detaining Power shall furthermore deliver to such prisoners of war a medical
p.(None): certificate enabling them to submit their claims to the Power on which they depend, and shall
p.(None): send a duplicate to the Central Prisoners of War Agency provided for in Article 123.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 55. The fitness of prisoners of war for work shall be periodically verified by medical
p.(None): examinations at least once a month. The examinations shall have particular regard to the nature
p.(None): of the work which prisoners of war are required to do.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If any prisoner of war considers himself incapable of working, he shall be permitted to appear
p.(None): before the medical authorities of his camp. Physicians or surgeons may recommend that the
p.(None): prisoners who are, in their opinion, unfit for work, be exempted therefrom.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 56. The organization and administration of labour detachments shall be similar to those of
p.(None): prisoner of war camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Every labour detachment shall remain under the control of and administratively part of a
p.(None): prisoner of war camp. The military authorities and the commander of the said camp shall be
p.(None): responsible, under the direction of their government, for the observance of the provisions of the
p.(None): present Convention in labour detachments.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The camp commander shall keep an up-to-date record of the labour detachments dependent on
p.(None): his camp, and shall communicate it to the delegates of the Protecting Power, of the International
p.(None): Committee of the Red Cross, or of other agencies giving relief to prisoners of war, who may visit
p.(None): the camp.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 57. The treatment of prisoners of war who work for private persons, even if the latter are
p.(None): responsible for guarding and protecting them, shall not be inferior to that which is provided for by
p.(None): the present Convention. The Detaining Power, the military authorities and the commander of the
p.(None): camp to which such prisoners belong shall be entirely responsible for the maintenance, care,
...
p.(None): seriously sick prisoners of war, after having cared for them until they are fit to travel, in
p.(None): accordance with the first paragraph of the following Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Throughout the duration of hostilities, Parties to the conflict shall endeavour, with the
p.(None): cooperation of the neutral Powers concerned, to make arrangements for the accommodation in
p.(None): neutral countries of the sick and wounded prisoners of war referred to in the second paragraph
p.(None): of the following Article. They may, in addition, conclude agreements with a view to the direct
p.(None): repatriation or internment in a neutral country of able-bodied prisoners of war who have
p.(None): undergone a long period of captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No sick or injured prisoner of war who is eligible for repatriation under the first paragraph of this
p.(None): Article, may be repatriated against his will during hostilities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 110. The following shall be repatriated direct:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Incurably wounded and sick whose mental or physical fitness seems to have been gravely
p.(None): diminished.
p.(None): (2) Wounded and sick who, according to medical opinion, are not likely to recover within one
p.(None): year, whose condition requires treatment and whose mental or physical fitness seems to have
p.(None): been gravely diminished.
p.(None): (3) Wounded and sick who have recovered, but whose mental or physical fitness seems to have
p.(None): been gravely and permanently diminished.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following may be accommodated in a neutral country:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Wounded and sick whose recovery may be expected within one year of the date of the
p.(None): wound or the beginning of the illness, if treatment in a neutral country might increase the
p.(None): prospects of a more certain and speedy recovery.
p.(None): (2) Prisoners of war whose mental or physical health, according to medical opinion, is seriously
p.(None): threatened by continued captivity, but whose accommodation in a neutral country might remove
p.(None): such a threat.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The conditions which prisoners of war accommodated in a neutral country must fulfil in order to
p.(None): permit their repatriation shall be fixed, as shall likewise their status, by agreement between the
p.(None): Powers concerned. In general, prisoners of war who have been accommodated in a neutral
p.(None): country, and who belong to the following categories, should be repatriated:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Those whose state of health has deteriorated so as to fulfil the condition laid down for direct
p.(None): repatriation;
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Those whose mental or physical powers remain, even after treatment, considerably
p.(None): impaired.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If no special agreements are concluded between the Parties to the conflict concerned, to
p.(None): determine the cases of disablement or sickness entailing direct repatriation or accommodation
p.(None): in a neutral country, such cases shall be settled in accordance with the principles laid down in
p.(None): the Model Agreement concerning direct repatriation and accommodation in neutral countries of
p.(None): wounded and sick prisoners of war and in the Regulations concerning Mixed Medical
p.(None): Commissions annexed to the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 111. The Detaining Power, the Power on which the prisoners of war depend, and a neutral
p.(None): Power agreed upon by these two Powers, shall endeavour to conclude agreements which will
p.(None): enable prisoners of war to be interned in the territory of the said neutral Power until the close of
p.(None): hostilities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 112. Upon the outbreak of hostilities, Mixed Medical Commissions shall be appointed to
p.(None): examine sick and wounded prisoners of war, and to make all appropriate decisions regarding
p.(None): them. The appointment, duties and functioning of these Commissions shall be in conformity with
p.(None): the provisions of the Regulations annexed to the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): However, prisoners of war who, in the opinion of the medical authorities of the Detaining Power,
p.(None): are manifestly seriously injured or seriously sick, may be repatriated without having to be
p.(None): examined by a Mixed Medical Commission.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 113. Besides those who are designated by the medical authorities of the Detaining Power,
p.(None): wounded or sick prisoners of war belonging to the categories listed below shall be entitled to
p.(None): present themselves for examination by the Mixed Medical Commissions provided for in the
p.(None): foregoing Article:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Wounded and sick proposed by a physician or surgeon who is of the same nationality, or a
p.(None): national of a Party to the conflict allied with the Power on which the said prisoners depend, and
p.(None): who exercises his functions in the camp.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Wounded and sick proposed by their prisoners' representative.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Wounded and sick proposed by the Power on which they depend, or by an organization duly
p.(None): recognized by the said Power and giving assistance to the prisoners.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
General/Other / Dependent
Searching for indicator dependent:
(return to top)
p.(None): duration and kind of treatment received. A duplicate of this certificate shall be forwarded to the
p.(None): Central Prisoners of War Agency.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The costs of treatment, including those of any apparatus necessary for the maintenance of
p.(None): prisoners of war in good health, particularly dentures and other artificial appliances, and
p.(None): spectacles, shall be borne by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 31. Medical inspections of prisoners of war shall be held at least once a month. They shall
p.(None): include the checking and the recording of the weight of each prisoner of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Their purpose shall be, in particular, to supervise the general state of health, nutrition and
p.(None): cleanliness of prisoners and to detect contagious diseases, especially tuberculosis, malaria and
p.(None): venereal disease. For this purpose the most efficient methods available shall be employed, e.g.
p.(None): periodic mass miniature radiography for the early detection of tuberculosis.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 32. Prisoners of war who, though not attached to the medical service of their armed forces,
p.(None): are physicians, surgeons, dentists, nurses or medical orderlies, may be required by the
p.(None): Detaining Power to exercise their medical functions in the interests of prisoners of war
p.(None): dependent on the same Power. In that case they shall continue to be prisoners of war, but shall
p.(None): receive the same treatment as corresponding medical personnel retained by the Detaining
p.(None): Power. They shall be exempted from any other work under Article 49.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter IV. Medical Personnel and Chaplains Retained to Assist Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 33. Members of the medical personnel and chaplains while retained by the Detaining Power
p.(None): with a view to assisting prisoners of war, shall not be considered as prisoners of war. They shall,
p.(None): however, receive as a minimum the benefits and protection of the present Convention, and shall
p.(None): also be granted all facilities necessary to provide for the medical care of, and religious
p.(None): ministration to prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): They shall continue to exercise their medical and spiritual functions for the benefit of prisoners
p.(None): of war, preferably those belonging to the armed forces upon which they depend, within the
p.(None): scope of the military laws and regulations of the Detaining Power and under the control of its
p.(None): competent services, in accordance with their professional etiquette. They shall also benefit by
p.(None): the following facilities in the exercise of their medical
...
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 55. The fitness of prisoners of war for work shall be periodically verified by medical
p.(None): examinations at least once a month. The examinations shall have particular regard to the nature
p.(None): of the work which prisoners of war are required to do.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If any prisoner of war considers himself incapable of working, he shall be permitted to appear
p.(None): before the medical authorities of his camp. Physicians or surgeons may recommend that the
p.(None): prisoners who are, in their opinion, unfit for work, be exempted therefrom.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 56. The organization and administration of labour detachments shall be similar to those of
p.(None): prisoner of war camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Every labour detachment shall remain under the control of and administratively part of a
p.(None): prisoner of war camp. The military authorities and the commander of the said camp shall be
p.(None): responsible, under the direction of their government, for the observance of the provisions of the
p.(None): present Convention in labour detachments.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The camp commander shall keep an up-to-date record of the labour detachments dependent on
p.(None): his camp, and shall communicate it to the delegates of the Protecting Power, of the International
p.(None): Committee of the Red Cross, or of other agencies giving relief to prisoners of war, who may visit
p.(None): the camp.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 57. The treatment of prisoners of war who work for private persons, even if the latter are
p.(None): responsible for guarding and protecting them, shall not be inferior to that which is provided for by
p.(None): the present Convention. The Detaining Power, the military authorities and the commander of the
p.(None): camp to which such prisoners belong shall be entirely responsible for the maintenance, care,
p.(None): treatment, and payment of the working pay of such prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Such prisoners of war shall have the right to remain in communication with the prisoners'
p.(None): representatives in the camps on which they depend.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section IV. Financial Resources of Prisoners of War
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 58. Upon the outbreak of hostilities, and pending an arrangement on this matter with the
p.(None): Protecting Power, the Detaining Power may determine the maximum amount of money in cash
p.(None): or in any similar form, that prisoners may have in their possession. Any amount in excess,
...
General/Other / Diminished Autonomy
Searching for indicator diminished:
(return to top)
p.(None): bound to send back to their own country, regardless of number or rank, seriously wounded and
p.(None): seriously sick prisoners of war, after having cared for them until they are fit to travel, in
p.(None): accordance with the first paragraph of the following Article.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Throughout the duration of hostilities, Parties to the conflict shall endeavour, with the
p.(None): cooperation of the neutral Powers concerned, to make arrangements for the accommodation in
p.(None): neutral countries of the sick and wounded prisoners of war referred to in the second paragraph
p.(None): of the following Article. They may, in addition, conclude agreements with a view to the direct
p.(None): repatriation or internment in a neutral country of able-bodied prisoners of war who have
p.(None): undergone a long period of captivity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): No sick or injured prisoner of war who is eligible for repatriation under the first paragraph of this
p.(None): Article, may be repatriated against his will during hostilities.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 110. The following shall be repatriated direct:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Incurably wounded and sick whose mental or physical fitness seems to have been gravely
p.(None): diminished.
p.(None): (2) Wounded and sick who, according to medical opinion, are not likely to recover within one
p.(None): year, whose condition requires treatment and whose mental or physical fitness seems to have
p.(None): been gravely diminished.
p.(None): (3) Wounded and sick who have recovered, but whose mental or physical fitness seems to have
p.(None): been gravely and permanently diminished.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The following may be accommodated in a neutral country:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Wounded and sick whose recovery may be expected within one year of the date of the
p.(None): wound or the beginning of the illness, if treatment in a neutral country might increase the
p.(None): prospects of a more certain and speedy recovery.
p.(None): (2) Prisoners of war whose mental or physical health, according to medical opinion, is seriously
p.(None): threatened by continued captivity, but whose accommodation in a neutral country might remove
p.(None): such a threat.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The conditions which prisoners of war accommodated in a neutral country must fulfil in order to
p.(None): permit their repatriation shall be fixed, as shall likewise their status, by agreement between the
p.(None): Powers concerned. In general, prisoners of war who have been accommodated in a neutral
p.(None): country, and who belong to the following categories, should be repatriated:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) Those whose state of health has deteriorated so as to fulfil the condition laid down for direct
p.(None): repatriation;
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Those whose mental or physical powers remain, even after treatment, considerably
p.(None): impaired.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): If no special agreements are concluded between the Parties to the conflict concerned, to
...
General/Other / Other Country
Searching for indicator another country:
(return to top)
p.(None): settle the terms of service of the nominees.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 9. The Mixed Medical Commissions shall begin their work as soon as possible after the
p.(None): neutral members have been approved, and in any case within a period of three months from the
p.(None): date of such approval.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 10. The Mixed Medical Commissions shall examine all the prisoners designated in Article
p.(None): 113 of the Convention. They shall propose repatriation, rejection, or reference to a later
p.(None): examination. Their decisions shall be made by a majority vote.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 11. The decisions made by the Mixed Medical Commissions in each specific case shall be
p.(None): communicated, during the month following their visit, to the Detaining Power, the Protecting
p.(None): Power and the International Committee of the Red Cross. The Mixed Medical Commissions shall
p.(None): also inform each prisoner of war examined of the decision made, and shall issue to those whose
p.(None): repatriation has been proposed, certificates similar to the model appended to the present
p.(None): Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 12. The Detaining Power shall be required to carry out the decisions of the Mixed Medical
p.(None): Commissions within three months of the time when it receives due notification of such
p.(None): decisions.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 13. If there is no neutral physician in a country where the services of a Mixed Medical
p.(None): Commission seem to be required, and if it is for any reason impossible to appoint neutral
p.(None): doctors who are resident in another country, the Detaining Power, acting in agreement with the
p.(None): Protecting Power, shall set up a Medical Commission which shall undertake the same duties as
p.(None): a Mixed Medical Commission, subject to the provisions of Articles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8 of the
p.(None): present Regulations.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 14. Mixed Medical Commissions shall function permanently and shall visit each camp at
p.(None): intervals of not more than six months.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Annex III. Regulations Concerning Collective Relief (See Art 73.)
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 1. Prisoners' representatives shall be allowed to distribute collective relief shipments for
p.(None): which they are responsible, to all prisoners of war administered by their camp, including those
p.(None): who are in hospitals, or in prisons or other penal establishments.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 2. The distribution of collective relief shipments shall be effected in accordance with the
p.(None): instructions of the donors and with a plan drawn up by the prisoners' representatives. The issue
p.(None): of medical stores shall, however, be made for preference in agreement with the senior medical
p.(None): officers, and the latter may, in hospitals and infirmaries, waive the said instructions, if the needs
p.(None): of their patients so demand. Within the limits thus defined, the distribution shall always be
p.(None): carried out equitably.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 3. The said prisoners' representatives or their assistants shall be allowed to go to the points
...
Searching for indicator other country:
(return to top)
p.(None): The High Contracting Parties, and in particular those whose nationals benefit by the services of
p.(None): the Central Agency, are requested to give the said Agency the financial aid it may require.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The foregoing provisions shall in no way be interpreted as restricting the humanitarian activities
p.(None): of the International Committee of the Red Cross, or of the relief societies provided for in Article
p.(None): 125.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 124. The national Information Bureaux and the Central Information Agency shall enjoy free
p.(None): postage for mail, likewise all the exemptions provided for in Article 74, and further, so far as
p.(None): possible, exemption from telegraphic charges or, at least, greatly reduced rates.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 125. Subject to the measures which the Detaining Powers may consider essential to ensure
p.(None): their security or to meet any other reasonable need, the representatives of religious
p.(None): organizations, relief societies, or any other organization assisting prisoners of war, shall receive
p.(None): from the said Powers, for themselves and their duly accredited agents, all necessary facilities for
p.(None): visiting the prisoners, for distributing relief supplies and material, from any source, intended for
p.(None): religious, educational or recreative purposes, and for assisting them in organizing their leisure
p.(None): time within the camps. Such societies or organizations may be constituted in the territory of the
p.(None): Detaining Power or in any other country, or they may have an international character.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The Detaining Power may limit the number of societies and organizations whose delegates are
p.(None): allowed to carry out their activities in its territory and under its supervision, on condition,
p.(None): however, that such limitation shall not hinder the effective operation of adequate relief to all
p.(None): prisoners of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): The special position of the International Committee of the Red Cross in this field shall be
p.(None): recognized and respected at all times.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): As soon as relief supplies or material intended for the above-mentioned purposes are handed
p.(None): over to prisoners of war, or very shortly afterwards, receipts for each consignment, signed by
p.(None): the prisoners' representative, shall be forwarded to the relief society or organization making the
p.(None): shipment. At the same time, receipts for these consignments shall be supplied by the
p.(None): administrative authorities responsible for guarding the prisoners.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Part VI. Execution of the Convention
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Section I. General Provisions
p.(None): Art 126. Representatives or delegates of the Protecting Powers shall have permission to go to all
p.(None): places where prisoners of war may be, particularly to places of internment, imprisonment and
p.(None): labour, and shall have access to all premises occupied by prisoners of war; they shall also be
...
General/Other / Relationship to Authority
Searching for indicator authority:
(return to top)
p.(None):
p.(None): The application of the preceding provisions shall not affect the legal status of the Parties to the
p.(None): conflict.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 4. A. Prisoners of war, in the sense of the present Convention, are persons belonging to one
p.(None): of the following categories, who have fallen into the power of the enemy:
p.(None): (1) Members of the armed forces of a Party to the conflict, as well as members of militias or
p.(None): volunteer corps forming part of such armed forces.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) Members of other militias and members of other volunteer corps, including those of
p.(None): organized resistance movements, belonging to a Party to the conflict and operating in or outside
p.(None): their own territory, even if this territory is occupied, provided that such militias or volunteer corps,
p.(None): including such organized resistance movements, fulfil the following conditions:
p.(None): (a) that of being commanded by a person responsible for his subordinates;
p.(None): (b) that of having a fixed distinctive sign recognizable at a distance;
p.(None): (c) that of carrying arms openly;
p.(None): (d) that of conducting their operations in accordance with the laws and customs of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) Members of regular armed forces who profess allegiance to a government or an authority not
p.(None): recognized by the Detaining Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (4) Persons who accompany the armed forces without actually being members thereof, such as
p.(None): civilian members of military aircraft crews, war correspondents, supply contractors, members of
p.(None): labour units or of services responsible for the welfare of the armed forces, provided that they
p.(None): have received authorization, from the armed forces which they accompany, who shall provide
p.(None): them for that purpose with an identity card similar to the annexed model.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (5) Members of crews, including masters, pilots and apprentices, of the merchant marine and
p.(None): the crews of civil aircraft of the Parties to the conflict, who do not benefit by more favourable
p.(None): treatment under any other provisions of international law.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (6) Inhabitants of a non-occupied territory, who on the approach of the enemy spontaneously
p.(None): take up arms to resist the invading forces, without having had time to form themselves into
p.(None): regular armed units, provided they carry arms openly and respect the laws and customs of war.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): B. The following shall likewise be treated as prisoners of war under the present Convention:
p.(None): (1) Persons belonging, or having belonged, to the armed forces of the occupied country, if the
p.(None): occupying Power considers it necessary by reason of such allegiance to intern them, even
...
p.(None): shall be appointed, at the request of the prisoners concerned, to fill this office. This appointment,
p.(None): subject to the approval of the Detaining Power, shall take place with the agreement of the
p.(None): community of prisoners concerned and, wherever necessary, with the approval of the local
p.(None): religious authorities of the same faith. The person thus appointed shall comply with all
p.(None): regulations established by the Detaining Power in the interests of discipline and military security.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 38. While respecting the individual preferences of every prisoner, the Detaining Power shall
p.(None): encourage the practice of intellectual, educational, and recreational pursuits, sports and games
p.(None): amongst prisoners, and shall take the measures necessary to ensure the exercise thereof by
p.(None): providing them with adequate premises and necessary equipment.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners shall have opportunities for taking physical exercise, including sports and games, and
p.(None): for being out of doors. Sufficient open spaces shall be provided for this purpose in all camps.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Chapter VI. Discipline
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 39. Every prisoner of war camp shall be put under the immediate authority of a responsible
p.(None): commissioned officer belonging to the regular armed forces of the Detaining Power. Such officer
p.(None): shall have in his possession a copy of the present Convention; he shall ensure that its
p.(None): provisions are known to the camp staff and the guard and shall be responsible, under the
p.(None): direction of his government, for its application.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war, with the exception of officers, must salute and show to all officers of the
p.(None): Detaining Power the external marks of respect provided for by the regulations applying in their
p.(None): own forces.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Officer prisoners of war are bound to salute only officers of a higher rank of the Detaining
p.(None): Power; they must, however, salute the camp commander regardless of his rank.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 40. The wearing of badges of rank and nationality, as well as of decorations, shall be
p.(None): permitted.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 41. In every camp the text of the present Convention and its Annexes and the contents of
p.(None): any special agreement provided for in Article 6, shall be posted, in the prisoners' own language,
p.(None): in places where all may read them. Copies shall be supplied, on request, to the prisoners who
...
p.(None): days shall elapse between the execution of any two of the punishments, if the duration of one of
p.(None): these is ten days or more.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 91. The escape of a prisoner of war shall be deemed to have succeeded when:
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (1) he has joined the armed forces of the Power on which he depends, or those of an allied
p.(None): Power;
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (2) he has left the territory under the control of the Detaining Power, or of an ally of the said
p.(None): Power;
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): (3) he has joined a ship flying the flag of the Power on which he depends, or of an allied Power,
p.(None): in the territorial waters of the Detaining Power, the said ship not being under the control of the
p.(None): last named Power.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who have made good their escape in the sense of this Article and who are
p.(None): recaptured, shall not be liable to any punishment in respect of their previous escape.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 92. A prisoner of war who attempts to escape and is recaptured before having made good
p.(None): his escape in the sense of Article 91 shall be liable only to a disciplinary punishment in respect
p.(None): of this act, even if it is a repeated offence.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): A prisoner of war who is recaptured shall be handed over without delay to the competent military
p.(None): authority.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 88, fourth paragraph, notwithstanding, prisoners of war punished as a result of an
p.(None): unsuccessful escape may be subjected to special surveillance. Such surveillance must not
p.(None): affect the state of their health, must be undergone in a prisoner of war camp, and must not entail
p.(None): the suppression of any of the safeguards granted them by the present Convention.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Art 93. Escape or attempt to escape, even if it is a repeated offence, shall not be deemed an
p.(None): aggravating circumstance if the prisoner of war is subjected to trial by judicial proceedings in
p.(None): respect of an offence committed during his escape or attempt to escape.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): In conformity with the principle stated in Article 83, offences committed by prisoners of war with
p.(None): the sole intention of facilitating their escape and which do not entail any violence against life or
p.(None): limb, such as offences against public property, theft without intention of self-enrichment, the
p.(None): drawing up or use of false papers, or the wearing of civilian clothing, shall occasion disciplinary
p.(None): punishment only.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Prisoners of war who aid or abet an escape or an attempt to escape shall be liable on this count
p.(None): to disciplinary punishment only.
p.(None):
p.(None):
...
Orphaned Trigger Words
Appendix
Indicator List
| Indicator | Vulnerability |
|---|
| access | Access to Social Goods |
| age | Age |
| alcoholism | alcoholism |
| another country | Other Country |
| armed forces | Soldier |
| army | Soldier |
| authority | Relationship to Authority |
| blind | visual impairment |
| blindness | visual impairment |
| children | Child |
| convict | Criminal Convictions |
| conviction | Religion |
| criminal | criminal |
| dependent | Dependent |
| detained | person in detention center |
| diminished | Diminished Autonomy |
| disability | Mentally Disabled |
| disabled | Mentally Disabled |
| educational | education |
| faith | Religion |
| family | Motherhood/Family |
| home | Property Ownership |
| ill | ill |
| illness | Physically Disabled |
| impairment | Cognitive Impairment |
| incapable | Mentally Incapacitated |
| injured | injured |
| intoxication | Intoxication |
| language | Linguistic Proficiency |
| liberty | Incarcerated |
| military | Soldier |
| mothers | Mothers |
| occupation | Occupation |
| officer | Police Officer |
| opinion | philosophical differences/differences of opinion |
| other country | Other Country |
| party | political affiliation |
| physically | Physically Disabled |
| political | political affiliation |
| pregnant | Pregnant |
| prisoner of war | Prisoner of War |
| prisoners | Criminal Convictions |
| property | Property Ownership |
| prosecuted | Prosecuted |
| race | Racial Minority |
| religion | Religion |
| religious | Religion |
| restricted | Incarcerated |
| sensory | sensory impairment |
| sick | Physically Ill |
| single | Marital Status |
| threat | Threat of Stigma |
| trauma | Victim of Abuse |
| unlawful | Illegal Activity |
| usage | Drug Usage |
| violence | Threat of Violence |
| women | Women |
Indicator Peers (Indicators in Same Vulnerability)
| Indicator | Peers |
|---|
| another country | ['otherXcountry'] |
| armed forces | ['army', 'military'] |
| army | ['armedXforces', 'military'] |
| blind | ['blindness'] |
| blindness | ['blind'] |
| convict | ['prisoners'] |
| conviction | ['faith', 'religion', 'religious'] |
| disability | ['disabled'] |
| disabled | ['disability'] |
| faith | ['conviction', 'religion', 'religious'] |
| home | ['property'] |
| illness | ['physically'] |
| liberty | ['restricted'] |
| military | ['armedXforces', 'army'] |
| other country | ['anotherXcountry'] |
| party | ['political'] |
| physically | ['illness'] |
| political | ['party'] |
| prisoners | ['convict'] |
| property | ['home'] |
| religion | ['faith', 'conviction', 'religious'] |
| religious | ['faith', 'conviction', 'religion'] |
| restricted | ['liberty'] |
Trigger Words
capacity
coercion
consent
protection
volunteer
welfare
Applicable Type / Vulnerability / Indicator Overlay for this Input