79C3C34C52B45572883A05D425EB0F82
UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights
http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=31058&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
http://leaux.net/URLS/ConvertAPI Text Files/1EDBD814BBB7A11E38B8C354ECCF116B.en.txt
Examining the file media/Synopses/1EDBD814BBB7A11E38B8C354ECCF116B.html:
This file was generated: 2020-12-01 05:06:23
| Indicators in focus are typically shown highlighted in yellow; |
Peer Indicators (that share the same Vulnerability association) are shown highlighted in pink; |
"Outside" Indicators (those that do NOT share the same Vulnerability association) are shown highlighted in green; |
Trigger Words/Phrases are shown highlighted in gray. |
Link to Orphaned Trigger Words (Appendix (Indicator List, Indicator Peers, Trigger Words, Type/Vulnerability/Indicator Overlay)
Applicable Type / Vulnerability / Indicator Overlay for this Input
Political / Indigenous
Searching for indicator indigenous:
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p.(None): Genetic Data adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 16 October 2003,
p.(None):
p.(None): Noting the United Nations International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and
p.(None): Political Rights of 16 December 1966, the United Nations International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
p.(None): Discrimination of 21 December 1965, the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women of
p.(None): 18 December 1979, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child of 20 November 1989, the United Nations Convention on
p.(None): Biological Diversity of 5 June 1992, the Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities adopted by the
p.(None): Africa General Assembly of the United Nations in 1993, the UNESCO Recommendation on the Status of Scientific Researchers of 20
p.(None): November 1974, the UNESCO Declaration on Race and Racial Prejudice of 27 November 1978, the UNESCO Declaration on the
p.(None): Arab States Responsibilities of the Present Generations Towards Future Generations of 12 November 1997, the UNESCO Universal Declaration on
p.(None): Asia/Pacific Cultural Diversity of 2 November 2001, the ILO Convention 169 concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries of
p.(None): 27 June 1989, the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture which was adopted by the FAO Conference
p.(None): Europe/North America on 3 November 2001 and entered into force on 29 June 2004, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
p.(None): (TRIPS) annexed to the Marrakech Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization, which entered into force on 1 January 1995,
p.(None): Latin America/Caribbean
p.(None): the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health of 14 November 2001 and other relevant international instruments
p.(None): adopted by the United Nations and the specialized agencies of the United Nations system, in particular the Food and Agriculture
p.(None): Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO),
p.(None):
p.(None): Also noting international and regional instruments in the field of bioethics, including the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights
p.(None): and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine: Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine
p.(None): of the Council of Europe, which was adopted in 1997 and entered into force in 1999, together with its Additional Protocols, as well as
p.(None): national legislation and regulations in the field of bioethics and the international and regional codes of conduct and guidelines and other
p.(None): texts in the field of bioethics, such as the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association on Ethical Principles for Medical
...
p.(None): particular animals,
p.(None):
p.(None): Recognizing that, based on the freedom of science and research, scientific and technological developments have been, and can be, of
p.(None): great benefit to humankind in increasing, inter alia, life expectancy and improving the quality of life, and emphasizing that such
p.(None): developments should always seek to promote the welfare of individuals, families, groups or communities and humankind as a whole in
p.(None): the recognition of the dignity of the human person and universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental
p.(None): freedoms,
p.(None):
p.(None): Recognizing that health does not depend solely on scientific and technological research developments but also on psychosocial and
p.(None): cultural factors,
p.(None):
p.(None): Also recognizing that decisions regarding ethical issues in medicine, life sciences and associated technologies may have an impact on
p.(None): individuals, families, groups or communities and humankind as a whole,
p.(None):
p.(None): Bearing in mind that cultural diversity, as a source of exchange, innovation and creativity, is necessary to humankind and, in this sense,
p.(None): is the common heritage of humanity, but emphasizing that it may not be invoked at the expense of human rights and fundamental
p.(None): freedoms,
p.(None):
p.(None): Also bearing in mind that a person’s identity includes biological, psychological, social, cultural and spiritual dimensions,
p.(None):
p.(None): Recognizing that unethical scientific and technological conduct has had a particular impact on indigenous and local communities,
p.(None):
p.(None): Convinced that moral sensitivity and ethical reflection should be an integral part of the process of scientific and technological
p.(None): developments and that bioethics should play a predominant role in the choices that need to be made concerning issues arising from such
p.(None): developments,
p.(None):
p.(None): Considering the desirability of developing new approaches to social responsibility to ensure that progress in science and technology
p.(None): contributes to justice, equity and to the interest of humanity,
p.(None):
p.(None): Recognizing that an important way to evaluate social realities and achieve equity is to pay attention to the position of women,
p.(None):
p.(None): Stressing the need to reinforce international cooperation in the field of bioethics, taking into account, in particular, the special needs of
p.(None): developing countries, indigenous communities and vulnerable populations,
p.(None):
p.(None): Considering that all human beings, without distinction, should benefit from the same high ethical standards in medicine and life science
p.(None): research,
p.(None):
p.(None): Proclaims the principles that follow and adopts the present Declaration.
p.(None):
p.(None): General provisions
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 1 – Scope
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. This Declaration addresses ethical issues related to medicine, life sciences and associated technologies as applied to human beings,
p.(None): taking into account their social, legal and environmental dimensions.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. This Declaration is addressed to States. As appropriate and relevant, it also provides guidance to decisions or practices of individuals,
p.(None): groups, communities, institutions and corporations, public and private.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 2 – Aims
p.(None):
p.(None): The aims of this Declaration are:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) to provide a universal framework of principles and procedures to guide States in the formulation of their legislation, policies or other
p.(None): instruments in the field of bioethics;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) to guide the actions of individuals, groups, communities, institutions and corporations, public and private;
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) to promote respect for human dignity and protect human rights, by ensuring respect for the life of human beings, and fundamental
p.(None): freedoms, consistent with international human rights law;
p.(None):
p.(None): (d) to recognize the importance of freedom of scientific research and the benefits derived from scientific and technological developments,
...
Political / criminal
Searching for indicator criminal:
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p.(None): knowledge, the related know-how and the benefits thereof.
p.(None):
p.(None): 3. States should respect and promote solidarity between and among States, as well as individuals, families, groups and communities,
p.(None): with special regard for those rendered vulnerable by disease or disability or other personal, societal or environmental conditions and
p.(None): those with the most limited resources.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 25 – Follow-up action by UNESCO
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. UNESCO shall promote and disseminate the principles set out in this Declaration. In doing so, UNESCO should seek the help and
p.(None): assistance of the Intergovernmental Bioethics Committee (IGBC) and the International Bioethics Committee (IBC).
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. UNESCO shall reaffirm its commitment to dealing with bioethics and to promoting collaboration between IGBC and IBC.
p.(None):
p.(None): Final provisions
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 26 – Interrelation and complementarity of the principles
p.(None):
p.(None): This Declaration is to be understood as a whole and the principles are to be understood as complementary and interrelated. Each
p.(None): principle is to be considered in the context of the other principles, as appropriate and relevant in the circumstances.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 27 – Limitations on the application of the principles
p.(None):
p.(None): If the application of the principles of this Declaration is to be limited, it should be by law, including laws in the interests of public safety, for
p.(None): the investigation, detection and prosecution of criminal offences, for the protection of public health or for the protection of the rights and
p.(None): freedoms of others. Any such law needs to be consistent with international human rights law.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 28 – Denial of acts contrary to human rights, fundamental freedoms and human dignity
p.(None):
p.(None): Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any claim to engage in any activity or to perform
p.(None): any act contrary to human rights, fundamental freedoms and human dignity.
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): UNESDOC - (PDF) English - French - Spanish - Russian - Chinese - Arabic
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Date of adoption 2005
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Back
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): UNESCO.ORG Disclaimer - Privacy Policy - guest (Read) - ID: 31058
...
Political / political affiliation
Searching for indicator party:
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p.(None): issues within the scope of this Declaration;
p.(None):
p.(None): (d) foster debate, education and public awareness of, and engagement in, bioethics.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 20 – Risk assessment and management
p.(None):
p.(None): Appropriate assessment and adequate management of risk related to medicine, life sciences and associated technologies should be
p.(None): promoted.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 21 – Transnational practices
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. States, public and private institutions, and professionals associated with transnational activities should endeavour to ensure that any
p.(None): activity within the scope of this Declaration, undertaken, funded or otherwise pursued in whole or in part in different States, is consistent
p.(None): with the principles set out in this Declaration.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. When research is undertaken or otherwise pursued in one or more States (the host State(s)) and funded by a source in another State,
p.(None): such research should be the object of an appropriate level of ethical review in the host State(s) and the State in which the funder is
p.(None): located. This review should be based on ethical and legal standards that are consistent with the principles set out in this Declaration.
p.(None):
p.(None): 3. Transnational health research should be responsive to the needs of host countries, and the importance of research contributing to the
p.(None): alleviation of urgent global health problems should be recognized.
p.(None):
p.(None): 4. When negotiating a research agreement, terms for collaboration and agreement on the benefits of research should be established with
p.(None): equal participation by those party to the negotiation.
p.(None):
p.(None): 5. States should take appropriate measures, both at the national and international levels, to combat bioterrorism and illicit traffic in
p.(None): organs, tissues, samples, genetic resources and genetic-related materials.
p.(None):
p.(None): Promotion of the Declaration
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 22 – Role of States
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. States should take all appropriate measures, whether of a legislative, administrative or other character, to give effect to the principles
p.(None): set out in this Declaration in accordance with international human rights law. Such measures should be supported by action in the
p.(None): spheres of education, training and public information.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. States should encourage the establishment of independent, multidisciplinary and pluralist ethics committees, as set out in Article 19.
p.(None): Article 23 – Bioethics education, training and information
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. In order to promote the principles set out in this Declaration and to achieve a better understanding of the ethical implications of
p.(None): scientific and technological developments, in particular for young people, States should endeavour to foster bioethics education and
p.(None): training at all levels as well as to encourage information and knowledge dissemination programmes about bioethics.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. States should encourage the participation of international and regional intergovernmental organizations and international, regional and
p.(None): national non governmental organizations in this endeavour.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 24 – International cooperation
p.(None):
...
Searching for indicator political:
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p.(None): avoid danger, to assume responsibility, to seek cooperation and to exhibit the moral sense that gives expression to ethical principles,
p.(None): Natural Sciences
p.(None): Social & Human Sciences Reflecting on the rapid developments in science and technology, which increasingly affect our understanding of life and life itself,
p.(None): resulting in a strong demand for a global response to the ethical implications of such developments,
p.(None): Culture
p.(None): Recognizing that ethical issues raised by the rapid advances in science and their technological applications should be examined with
p.(None): Communication
p.(None): due respect to the dignity of the human person and universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms,
p.(None): & Information
p.(None): Resolving that it is necessary and timely for the international community to state universal principles that will provide a foundation for
p.(None): Other humanity’s response to the ever-increasing dilemmas and controversies that science and technology present for humankind and for the
p.(None): environment,
p.(None):
p.(None): BY REGION / COUNTRY Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 10 December 1948, the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and
p.(None): Human Rights adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 11 November 1997 and the International Declaration on Human
p.(None): Genetic Data adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 16 October 2003,
p.(None):
p.(None): Noting the United Nations International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and
p.(None): Political Rights of 16 December 1966, the United Nations International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
p.(None): Discrimination of 21 December 1965, the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women of
p.(None): 18 December 1979, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child of 20 November 1989, the United Nations Convention on
p.(None): Biological Diversity of 5 June 1992, the Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities adopted by the
p.(None): Africa General Assembly of the United Nations in 1993, the UNESCO Recommendation on the Status of Scientific Researchers of 20
p.(None): November 1974, the UNESCO Declaration on Race and Racial Prejudice of 27 November 1978, the UNESCO Declaration on the
p.(None): Arab States Responsibilities of the Present Generations Towards Future Generations of 12 November 1997, the UNESCO Universal Declaration on
p.(None): Asia/Pacific Cultural Diversity of 2 November 2001, the ILO Convention 169 concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries of
p.(None): 27 June 1989, the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture which was adopted by the FAO Conference
...
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 10 – Equality, justice and equity
p.(None):
p.(None): The fundamental equality of all human beings in dignity and rights is to be respected so that they are treated justly and equitably.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 11 – Non-discrimination and non-stigmatization
p.(None):
p.(None): No individual or group should be discriminated against or stigmatized on any grounds, in violation of human dignity, human rights and
p.(None): fundamental freedoms.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 12 – Respect for cultural diversity and pluralism
p.(None): The importance of cultural diversity and pluralism should be given due regard. However, such considerations are not to be invoked to
p.(None): infringe upon human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms, nor upon the principles set out in this Declaration, nor to limit their
p.(None): scope.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 13 – Solidarity and cooperation
p.(None):
p.(None): Solidarity among human beings and international cooperation towards that end are to be encouraged.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 14 – Social responsibility and health
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. The promotion of health and social development for their people is a central purpose of governments that all sectors of society share.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. Taking into account that the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human
p.(None): being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition, progress in science and technology should
p.(None): advance:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) access to quality health care and essential medicines, especially for the health of women and children, because health is essential to
p.(None): life itself and must be considered to be a social and human good;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) access to adequate nutrition and water;
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) improvement of living conditions and the environment;
p.(None):
p.(None): (d) elimination of the marginalization and the exclusion of persons on the basis of any grounds;
p.(None):
p.(None): (e) reduction of poverty and illiteracy.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 15 – Sharing of benefits
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. Benefits resulting from any scientific research and its applications should be shared with society as a whole and within the international
p.(None): community, in particular with developing countries. In giving effect to this principle, benefits may take any of the following forms:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) special and sustainable assistance to, and acknowledgement of, the persons and groups that have taken part in the research;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) access to quality health care;
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) provision of new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities or products stemming from research;
p.(None):
p.(None): (d) support for health services;
p.(None):
...
Political / vulnerable
Searching for indicator vulnerable:
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p.(None): is the common heritage of humanity, but emphasizing that it may not be invoked at the expense of human rights and fundamental
p.(None): freedoms,
p.(None):
p.(None): Also bearing in mind that a person’s identity includes biological, psychological, social, cultural and spiritual dimensions,
p.(None):
p.(None): Recognizing that unethical scientific and technological conduct has had a particular impact on indigenous and local communities,
p.(None):
p.(None): Convinced that moral sensitivity and ethical reflection should be an integral part of the process of scientific and technological
p.(None): developments and that bioethics should play a predominant role in the choices that need to be made concerning issues arising from such
p.(None): developments,
p.(None):
p.(None): Considering the desirability of developing new approaches to social responsibility to ensure that progress in science and technology
p.(None): contributes to justice, equity and to the interest of humanity,
p.(None):
p.(None): Recognizing that an important way to evaluate social realities and achieve equity is to pay attention to the position of women,
p.(None):
p.(None): Stressing the need to reinforce international cooperation in the field of bioethics, taking into account, in particular, the special needs of
p.(None): developing countries, indigenous communities and vulnerable populations,
p.(None):
p.(None): Considering that all human beings, without distinction, should benefit from the same high ethical standards in medicine and life science
p.(None): research,
p.(None):
p.(None): Proclaims the principles that follow and adopts the present Declaration.
p.(None):
p.(None): General provisions
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 1 – Scope
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. This Declaration addresses ethical issues related to medicine, life sciences and associated technologies as applied to human beings,
p.(None): taking into account their social, legal and environmental dimensions.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. This Declaration is addressed to States. As appropriate and relevant, it also provides guidance to decisions or practices of individuals,
p.(None): groups, communities, institutions and corporations, public and private.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 2 – Aims
p.(None):
p.(None): The aims of this Declaration are:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) to provide a universal framework of principles and procedures to guide States in the formulation of their legislation, policies or other
p.(None): instruments in the field of bioethics;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) to guide the actions of individuals, groups, communities, institutions and corporations, public and private;
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) to promote respect for human dignity and protect human rights, by ensuring respect for the life of human beings, and fundamental
p.(None): freedoms, consistent with international human rights law;
p.(None):
p.(None): (d) to recognize the importance of freedom of scientific research and the benefits derived from scientific and technological developments,
p.(None): while stressing the need for such research and developments to occur within the framework of ethical principles set out in this
...
p.(None): Article 23 – Bioethics education, training and information
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. In order to promote the principles set out in this Declaration and to achieve a better understanding of the ethical implications of
p.(None): scientific and technological developments, in particular for young people, States should endeavour to foster bioethics education and
p.(None): training at all levels as well as to encourage information and knowledge dissemination programmes about bioethics.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. States should encourage the participation of international and regional intergovernmental organizations and international, regional and
p.(None): national non governmental organizations in this endeavour.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 24 – International cooperation
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. States should foster international dissemination of scientific information and encourage the free flow and sharing of scientific and
p.(None): technological knowledge.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. Within the framework of international cooperation, States should promote cultural and scientific cooperation and enter into bilateral and
p.(None): multilateral agreements enabling developing countries to build up their capacity to participate in generating and sharing scientific
p.(None): knowledge, the related know-how and the benefits thereof.
p.(None):
p.(None): 3. States should respect and promote solidarity between and among States, as well as individuals, families, groups and communities,
p.(None): with special regard for those rendered vulnerable by disease or disability or other personal, societal or environmental conditions and
p.(None): those with the most limited resources.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 25 – Follow-up action by UNESCO
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. UNESCO shall promote and disseminate the principles set out in this Declaration. In doing so, UNESCO should seek the help and
p.(None): assistance of the Intergovernmental Bioethics Committee (IGBC) and the International Bioethics Committee (IBC).
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. UNESCO shall reaffirm its commitment to dealing with bioethics and to promoting collaboration between IGBC and IBC.
p.(None):
p.(None): Final provisions
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 26 – Interrelation and complementarity of the principles
p.(None):
p.(None): This Declaration is to be understood as a whole and the principles are to be understood as complementary and interrelated. Each
p.(None): principle is to be considered in the context of the other principles, as appropriate and relevant in the circumstances.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 27 – Limitations on the application of the principles
p.(None):
p.(None): If the application of the principles of this Declaration is to be limited, it should be by law, including laws in the interests of public safety, for
p.(None): the investigation, detection and prosecution of criminal offences, for the protection of public health or for the protection of the rights and
p.(None): freedoms of others. Any such law needs to be consistent with international human rights law.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 28 – Denial of acts contrary to human rights, fundamental freedoms and human dignity
p.(None):
...
Searching for indicator vulnerability:
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p.(None):
p.(None): In accordance with domestic law, special protection is to be given to persons who do not have the capacity to consent:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) authorization for research and medical practice should be obtained in accordance with the best interest of the person concerned and
p.(None): in accordance with domestic law. However, the person concerned should be involved to the greatest extent possible in the decision-
p.(None): making process of consent, as well as that of withdrawing consent;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) research should only be carried out for his or her direct health benefit, subject to the authorization and the protective conditions
p.(None): prescribed by law, and if there is no research alternative of comparable effectiveness with research participants able to consent.
p.(None): Research which does not have potential direct health benefit should only be undertaken by way of exception, with the utmost restraint,
p.(None): exposing the person only to a minimal risk and minimal burden and, if the research is expected to contribute to the health benefit of other
p.(None): persons in the same category, subject to the conditions prescribed by law and compatible with the protection of the individual’s human
p.(None): rights. Refusal of such persons to take part in research should be respected.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 8 – Respect for human vulnerability and personal integrity
p.(None):
p.(None): In applying and advancing scientific knowledge, medical practice and associated technologies, human vulnerability should be taken into
p.(None): account. Individuals and groups of special vulnerability should be protected and the personal integrity of such individuals respected.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 9 – Privacy and confidentiality
p.(None):
p.(None): The privacy of the persons concerned and the confidentiality of their personal information should be respected. To the greatest extent
p.(None): possible, such information should not be used or disclosed for purposes other than those for which it was collected or consented to,
p.(None): consistent with international law, in particular international human rights law.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 10 – Equality, justice and equity
p.(None):
p.(None): The fundamental equality of all human beings in dignity and rights is to be respected so that they are treated justly and equitably.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 11 – Non-discrimination and non-stigmatization
p.(None):
p.(None): No individual or group should be discriminated against or stigmatized on any grounds, in violation of human dignity, human rights and
p.(None): fundamental freedoms.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 12 – Respect for cultural diversity and pluralism
p.(None): The importance of cultural diversity and pluralism should be given due regard. However, such considerations are not to be invoked to
p.(None): infringe upon human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms, nor upon the principles set out in this Declaration, nor to limit their
p.(None): scope.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 13 – Solidarity and cooperation
p.(None):
p.(None): Solidarity among human beings and international cooperation towards that end are to be encouraged.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 14 – Social responsibility and health
p.(None):
...
Health / Mentally Disabled
Searching for indicator disability:
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p.(None):
p.(None): 1. In order to promote the principles set out in this Declaration and to achieve a better understanding of the ethical implications of
p.(None): scientific and technological developments, in particular for young people, States should endeavour to foster bioethics education and
p.(None): training at all levels as well as to encourage information and knowledge dissemination programmes about bioethics.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. States should encourage the participation of international and regional intergovernmental organizations and international, regional and
p.(None): national non governmental organizations in this endeavour.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 24 – International cooperation
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. States should foster international dissemination of scientific information and encourage the free flow and sharing of scientific and
p.(None): technological knowledge.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. Within the framework of international cooperation, States should promote cultural and scientific cooperation and enter into bilateral and
p.(None): multilateral agreements enabling developing countries to build up their capacity to participate in generating and sharing scientific
p.(None): knowledge, the related know-how and the benefits thereof.
p.(None):
p.(None): 3. States should respect and promote solidarity between and among States, as well as individuals, families, groups and communities,
p.(None): with special regard for those rendered vulnerable by disease or disability or other personal, societal or environmental conditions and
p.(None): those with the most limited resources.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 25 – Follow-up action by UNESCO
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. UNESCO shall promote and disseminate the principles set out in this Declaration. In doing so, UNESCO should seek the help and
p.(None): assistance of the Intergovernmental Bioethics Committee (IGBC) and the International Bioethics Committee (IBC).
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. UNESCO shall reaffirm its commitment to dealing with bioethics and to promoting collaboration between IGBC and IBC.
p.(None):
p.(None): Final provisions
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 26 – Interrelation and complementarity of the principles
p.(None):
p.(None): This Declaration is to be understood as a whole and the principles are to be understood as complementary and interrelated. Each
p.(None): principle is to be considered in the context of the other principles, as appropriate and relevant in the circumstances.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 27 – Limitations on the application of the principles
p.(None):
p.(None): If the application of the principles of this Declaration is to be limited, it should be by law, including laws in the interests of public safety, for
p.(None): the investigation, detection and prosecution of criminal offences, for the protection of public health or for the protection of the rights and
p.(None): freedoms of others. Any such law needs to be consistent with international human rights law.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 28 – Denial of acts contrary to human rights, fundamental freedoms and human dignity
p.(None):
p.(None): Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any claim to engage in any activity or to perform
...
Social / Access to Social Goods
Searching for indicator access:
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p.(None):
p.(None): General provisions
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 1 – Scope
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. This Declaration addresses ethical issues related to medicine, life sciences and associated technologies as applied to human beings,
p.(None): taking into account their social, legal and environmental dimensions.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. This Declaration is addressed to States. As appropriate and relevant, it also provides guidance to decisions or practices of individuals,
p.(None): groups, communities, institutions and corporations, public and private.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 2 – Aims
p.(None):
p.(None): The aims of this Declaration are:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) to provide a universal framework of principles and procedures to guide States in the formulation of their legislation, policies or other
p.(None): instruments in the field of bioethics;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) to guide the actions of individuals, groups, communities, institutions and corporations, public and private;
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) to promote respect for human dignity and protect human rights, by ensuring respect for the life of human beings, and fundamental
p.(None): freedoms, consistent with international human rights law;
p.(None):
p.(None): (d) to recognize the importance of freedom of scientific research and the benefits derived from scientific and technological developments,
p.(None): while stressing the need for such research and developments to occur within the framework of ethical principles set out in this
p.(None): Declaration and to respect human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms;
p.(None):
p.(None): (e) to foster multidisciplinary and pluralistic dialogue about bioethical issues between all stakeholders and within society as a whole;
p.(None):
p.(None): (f) to promote equitable access to medical, scientific and technological developments as well as the greatest possible flow and the rapid
p.(None): sharing of knowledge concerning those developments and the sharing of benefits, with particular attention to the needs of developing
p.(None): countries;
p.(None):
p.(None): (g) to safeguard and promote the interests of the present and future generations;
p.(None):
p.(None): (h) to underline the importance of biodiversity and its conservation as a common concern of humankind.
p.(None):
p.(None): Principles
p.(None):
p.(None): Within the scope of this Declaration, in decisions or practices taken or carried out by those to whom it is addressed, the following
p.(None): principles are to be respected.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 3 – Human dignity and human rights
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. Human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms are to be fully respected.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. The interests and welfare of the individual should have priority over the sole interest of science or society.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 4 – Benefit and harm
p.(None):
p.(None): In applying and advancing scientific knowledge, medical practice and associated technologies, direct and indirect benefits to patients,
p.(None): research participants and other affected individuals should be maximized and any possible harm to such individuals should be
p.(None): minimized.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 5 – Autonomy and individual responsibility
p.(None):
...
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 11 – Non-discrimination and non-stigmatization
p.(None):
p.(None): No individual or group should be discriminated against or stigmatized on any grounds, in violation of human dignity, human rights and
p.(None): fundamental freedoms.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 12 – Respect for cultural diversity and pluralism
p.(None): The importance of cultural diversity and pluralism should be given due regard. However, such considerations are not to be invoked to
p.(None): infringe upon human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms, nor upon the principles set out in this Declaration, nor to limit their
p.(None): scope.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 13 – Solidarity and cooperation
p.(None):
p.(None): Solidarity among human beings and international cooperation towards that end are to be encouraged.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 14 – Social responsibility and health
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. The promotion of health and social development for their people is a central purpose of governments that all sectors of society share.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. Taking into account that the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human
p.(None): being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition, progress in science and technology should
p.(None): advance:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) access to quality health care and essential medicines, especially for the health of women and children, because health is essential to
p.(None): life itself and must be considered to be a social and human good;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) access to adequate nutrition and water;
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) improvement of living conditions and the environment;
p.(None):
p.(None): (d) elimination of the marginalization and the exclusion of persons on the basis of any grounds;
p.(None):
p.(None): (e) reduction of poverty and illiteracy.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 15 – Sharing of benefits
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. Benefits resulting from any scientific research and its applications should be shared with society as a whole and within the international
p.(None): community, in particular with developing countries. In giving effect to this principle, benefits may take any of the following forms:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) special and sustainable assistance to, and acknowledgement of, the persons and groups that have taken part in the research;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) access to quality health care;
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) provision of new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities or products stemming from research;
p.(None):
p.(None): (d) support for health services;
p.(None):
p.(None): (e) access to scientific and technological knowledge;
p.(None):
p.(None): (f) capacity-building facilities for research purposes;
p.(None):
p.(None): (g) other forms of benefit consistent with the principles set out in this Declaration.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. Benefits should not constitute improper inducements to participate in research.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 16 – Protecting future generations
p.(None):
p.(None): The impact of life sciences on future generations, including on their genetic constitution, should be given due regard.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 17 – Protection of the environment, the biosphere and biodiversity
p.(None):
p.(None): Due regard is to be given to the interconnection between human beings and other forms of life, to the importance of appropriate access
p.(None): and utilization of biological and genetic resources, to respect for traditional knowledge and to the role of human beings in the protection of
p.(None): the environment, the biosphere and biodiversity.
p.(None):
p.(None): Application of the principles
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 18 – Decision-making and addressing bioethical issues
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. Professionalism, honesty, integrity and transparency in decision-making should be promoted, in particular declarations of all conflicts
p.(None): of interest and appropriate sharing of knowledge. Every endeavour should be made to use the best available scientific knowledge and
p.(None): methodology in addressing and periodically reviewing bioethical issues.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. Persons and professionals concerned and society as a whole should be engaged in dialogue on a regular basis.
p.(None):
p.(None): 3. Opportunities for informed pluralistic public debate, seeking the expression of all relevant opinions, should be promoted.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 19 – Ethics committees
p.(None):
p.(None): Independent, multidisciplinary and pluralist ethics committees should be established, promoted and supported at the appropriate level in
p.(None): order to:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) assess the relevant ethical, legal, scientific and social issues related to research projects involving human beings;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) provide advice on ethical problems in clinical settings;
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) assess scientific and technological developments, formulate recommendations and contribute to the preparation of guidelines on
p.(None): issues within the scope of this Declaration;
p.(None):
...
Social / Child
Searching for indicator child:
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p.(None): Culture
p.(None): Recognizing that ethical issues raised by the rapid advances in science and their technological applications should be examined with
p.(None): Communication
p.(None): due respect to the dignity of the human person and universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms,
p.(None): & Information
p.(None): Resolving that it is necessary and timely for the international community to state universal principles that will provide a foundation for
p.(None): Other humanity’s response to the ever-increasing dilemmas and controversies that science and technology present for humankind and for the
p.(None): environment,
p.(None):
p.(None): BY REGION / COUNTRY Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 10 December 1948, the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and
p.(None): Human Rights adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 11 November 1997 and the International Declaration on Human
p.(None): Genetic Data adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 16 October 2003,
p.(None):
p.(None): Noting the United Nations International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and
p.(None): Political Rights of 16 December 1966, the United Nations International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
p.(None): Discrimination of 21 December 1965, the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women of
p.(None): 18 December 1979, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child of 20 November 1989, the United Nations Convention on
p.(None): Biological Diversity of 5 June 1992, the Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities adopted by the
p.(None): Africa General Assembly of the United Nations in 1993, the UNESCO Recommendation on the Status of Scientific Researchers of 20
p.(None): November 1974, the UNESCO Declaration on Race and Racial Prejudice of 27 November 1978, the UNESCO Declaration on the
p.(None): Arab States Responsibilities of the Present Generations Towards Future Generations of 12 November 1997, the UNESCO Universal Declaration on
p.(None): Asia/Pacific Cultural Diversity of 2 November 2001, the ILO Convention 169 concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries of
p.(None): 27 June 1989, the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture which was adopted by the FAO Conference
p.(None): Europe/North America on 3 November 2001 and entered into force on 29 June 2004, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
p.(None): (TRIPS) annexed to the Marrakech Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization, which entered into force on 1 January 1995,
p.(None): Latin America/Caribbean
p.(None): the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health of 14 November 2001 and other relevant international instruments
p.(None): adopted by the United Nations and the specialized agencies of the United Nations system, in particular the Food and Agriculture
...
Searching for indicator children:
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p.(None): fundamental freedoms.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 12 – Respect for cultural diversity and pluralism
p.(None): The importance of cultural diversity and pluralism should be given due regard. However, such considerations are not to be invoked to
p.(None): infringe upon human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms, nor upon the principles set out in this Declaration, nor to limit their
p.(None): scope.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 13 – Solidarity and cooperation
p.(None):
p.(None): Solidarity among human beings and international cooperation towards that end are to be encouraged.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 14 – Social responsibility and health
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. The promotion of health and social development for their people is a central purpose of governments that all sectors of society share.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. Taking into account that the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human
p.(None): being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition, progress in science and technology should
p.(None): advance:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) access to quality health care and essential medicines, especially for the health of women and children, because health is essential to
p.(None): life itself and must be considered to be a social and human good;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) access to adequate nutrition and water;
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) improvement of living conditions and the environment;
p.(None):
p.(None): (d) elimination of the marginalization and the exclusion of persons on the basis of any grounds;
p.(None):
p.(None): (e) reduction of poverty and illiteracy.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 15 – Sharing of benefits
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. Benefits resulting from any scientific research and its applications should be shared with society as a whole and within the international
p.(None): community, in particular with developing countries. In giving effect to this principle, benefits may take any of the following forms:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) special and sustainable assistance to, and acknowledgement of, the persons and groups that have taken part in the research;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) access to quality health care;
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) provision of new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities or products stemming from research;
p.(None):
p.(None): (d) support for health services;
p.(None):
p.(None): (e) access to scientific and technological knowledge;
p.(None):
p.(None): (f) capacity-building facilities for research purposes;
p.(None):
p.(None): (g) other forms of benefit consistent with the principles set out in this Declaration.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. Benefits should not constitute improper inducements to participate in research.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 16 – Protecting future generations
...
Social / Property Ownership
Searching for indicator home:
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p.(None): UNESCO.ORG The Organization Education Natural Sciences Social & Human Sciences Culture Communication & Information Sitemap
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Français - Español HOME Print Send
p.(None):
p.(None): UNESCO ORGANIZATION
p.(None): Office of International Standards and
p.(None): UNESCO Constitution Legal Affairs
p.(None): Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights
p.(None): Mission
p.(None):
p.(None): BY TYPE 19 October 2005 Who´s who?
p.(None):
p.(None): Conventions
p.(None): Recommendations RESOURCES
p.(None):
p.(None): Declarations UNESDOC - (PDF) English - French - Spanish - Russian - Chinese - Arabic
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): BY THEME The General Conference ,
p.(None):
p.(None): Education Conscious of the unique capacity of human beings to reflect upon their own existence and on their environment, to perceive injustice, to
p.(None): avoid danger, to assume responsibility, to seek cooperation and to exhibit the moral sense that gives expression to ethical principles,
p.(None): Natural Sciences
p.(None): Social & Human Sciences Reflecting on the rapid developments in science and technology, which increasingly affect our understanding of life and life itself,
p.(None): resulting in a strong demand for a global response to the ethical implications of such developments,
...
Searching for indicator property:
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p.(None): Discrimination of 21 December 1965, the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women of
p.(None): 18 December 1979, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child of 20 November 1989, the United Nations Convention on
p.(None): Biological Diversity of 5 June 1992, the Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities adopted by the
p.(None): Africa General Assembly of the United Nations in 1993, the UNESCO Recommendation on the Status of Scientific Researchers of 20
p.(None): November 1974, the UNESCO Declaration on Race and Racial Prejudice of 27 November 1978, the UNESCO Declaration on the
p.(None): Arab States Responsibilities of the Present Generations Towards Future Generations of 12 November 1997, the UNESCO Universal Declaration on
p.(None): Asia/Pacific Cultural Diversity of 2 November 2001, the ILO Convention 169 concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries of
p.(None): 27 June 1989, the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture which was adopted by the FAO Conference
p.(None): Europe/North America on 3 November 2001 and entered into force on 29 June 2004, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
p.(None): (TRIPS) annexed to the Marrakech Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization, which entered into force on 1 January 1995,
p.(None): Latin America/Caribbean
p.(None): the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health of 14 November 2001 and other relevant international instruments
p.(None): adopted by the United Nations and the specialized agencies of the United Nations system, in particular the Food and Agriculture
p.(None): Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO),
p.(None):
p.(None): Also noting international and regional instruments in the field of bioethics, including the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights
p.(None): and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine: Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine
p.(None): of the Council of Europe, which was adopted in 1997 and entered into force in 1999, together with its Additional Protocols, as well as
p.(None): national legislation and regulations in the field of bioethics and the international and regional codes of conduct and guidelines and other
p.(None): texts in the field of bioethics, such as the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association on Ethical Principles for Medical
p.(None): Research Involving Human Subjects, adopted in 1964 and amended in 1975, 1983, 1989, 1996 and 2000 and the International Ethical
p.(None): Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects of the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences,
p.(None): adopted in 1982 and amended in 1993 and 2002,
p.(None):
p.(None): Recognizing that this Declaration is to be understood in a manner consistent with domestic and international law in conformity with
p.(None): human rights law,
p.(None):
...
Social / Racial Minority
Searching for indicator race:
(return to top)
p.(None): Other humanity’s response to the ever-increasing dilemmas and controversies that science and technology present for humankind and for the
p.(None): environment,
p.(None):
p.(None): BY REGION / COUNTRY Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 10 December 1948, the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and
p.(None): Human Rights adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 11 November 1997 and the International Declaration on Human
p.(None): Genetic Data adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 16 October 2003,
p.(None):
p.(None): Noting the United Nations International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and
p.(None): Political Rights of 16 December 1966, the United Nations International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
p.(None): Discrimination of 21 December 1965, the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women of
p.(None): 18 December 1979, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child of 20 November 1989, the United Nations Convention on
p.(None): Biological Diversity of 5 June 1992, the Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities adopted by the
p.(None): Africa General Assembly of the United Nations in 1993, the UNESCO Recommendation on the Status of Scientific Researchers of 20
p.(None): November 1974, the UNESCO Declaration on Race and Racial Prejudice of 27 November 1978, the UNESCO Declaration on the
p.(None): Arab States Responsibilities of the Present Generations Towards Future Generations of 12 November 1997, the UNESCO Universal Declaration on
p.(None): Asia/Pacific Cultural Diversity of 2 November 2001, the ILO Convention 169 concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries of
p.(None): 27 June 1989, the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture which was adopted by the FAO Conference
p.(None): Europe/North America on 3 November 2001 and entered into force on 29 June 2004, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
p.(None): (TRIPS) annexed to the Marrakech Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization, which entered into force on 1 January 1995,
p.(None): Latin America/Caribbean
p.(None): the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health of 14 November 2001 and other relevant international instruments
p.(None): adopted by the United Nations and the specialized agencies of the United Nations system, in particular the Food and Agriculture
p.(None): Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO),
p.(None):
p.(None): Also noting international and regional instruments in the field of bioethics, including the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights
p.(None): and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine: Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine
...
p.(None): consistent with international law, in particular international human rights law.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 10 – Equality, justice and equity
p.(None):
p.(None): The fundamental equality of all human beings in dignity and rights is to be respected so that they are treated justly and equitably.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 11 – Non-discrimination and non-stigmatization
p.(None):
p.(None): No individual or group should be discriminated against or stigmatized on any grounds, in violation of human dignity, human rights and
p.(None): fundamental freedoms.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 12 – Respect for cultural diversity and pluralism
p.(None): The importance of cultural diversity and pluralism should be given due regard. However, such considerations are not to be invoked to
p.(None): infringe upon human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms, nor upon the principles set out in this Declaration, nor to limit their
p.(None): scope.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 13 – Solidarity and cooperation
p.(None):
p.(None): Solidarity among human beings and international cooperation towards that end are to be encouraged.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 14 – Social responsibility and health
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. The promotion of health and social development for their people is a central purpose of governments that all sectors of society share.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. Taking into account that the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human
p.(None): being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition, progress in science and technology should
p.(None): advance:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) access to quality health care and essential medicines, especially for the health of women and children, because health is essential to
p.(None): life itself and must be considered to be a social and human good;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) access to adequate nutrition and water;
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) improvement of living conditions and the environment;
p.(None):
p.(None): (d) elimination of the marginalization and the exclusion of persons on the basis of any grounds;
p.(None):
p.(None): (e) reduction of poverty and illiteracy.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 15 – Sharing of benefits
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. Benefits resulting from any scientific research and its applications should be shared with society as a whole and within the international
p.(None): community, in particular with developing countries. In giving effect to this principle, benefits may take any of the following forms:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) special and sustainable assistance to, and acknowledgement of, the persons and groups that have taken part in the research;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) access to quality health care;
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) provision of new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities or products stemming from research;
p.(None):
...
Searching for indicator racial:
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p.(None): Natural Sciences
p.(None): Social & Human Sciences Reflecting on the rapid developments in science and technology, which increasingly affect our understanding of life and life itself,
p.(None): resulting in a strong demand for a global response to the ethical implications of such developments,
p.(None): Culture
p.(None): Recognizing that ethical issues raised by the rapid advances in science and their technological applications should be examined with
p.(None): Communication
p.(None): due respect to the dignity of the human person and universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms,
p.(None): & Information
p.(None): Resolving that it is necessary and timely for the international community to state universal principles that will provide a foundation for
p.(None): Other humanity’s response to the ever-increasing dilemmas and controversies that science and technology present for humankind and for the
p.(None): environment,
p.(None):
p.(None): BY REGION / COUNTRY Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 10 December 1948, the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and
p.(None): Human Rights adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 11 November 1997 and the International Declaration on Human
p.(None): Genetic Data adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 16 October 2003,
p.(None):
p.(None): Noting the United Nations International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and
p.(None): Political Rights of 16 December 1966, the United Nations International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
p.(None): Discrimination of 21 December 1965, the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women of
p.(None): 18 December 1979, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child of 20 November 1989, the United Nations Convention on
p.(None): Biological Diversity of 5 June 1992, the Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities adopted by the
p.(None): Africa General Assembly of the United Nations in 1993, the UNESCO Recommendation on the Status of Scientific Researchers of 20
p.(None): November 1974, the UNESCO Declaration on Race and Racial Prejudice of 27 November 1978, the UNESCO Declaration on the
p.(None): Arab States Responsibilities of the Present Generations Towards Future Generations of 12 November 1997, the UNESCO Universal Declaration on
p.(None): Asia/Pacific Cultural Diversity of 2 November 2001, the ILO Convention 169 concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries of
p.(None): 27 June 1989, the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture which was adopted by the FAO Conference
p.(None): Europe/North America on 3 November 2001 and entered into force on 29 June 2004, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
p.(None): (TRIPS) annexed to the Marrakech Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization, which entered into force on 1 January 1995,
p.(None): Latin America/Caribbean
p.(None): the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health of 14 November 2001 and other relevant international instruments
p.(None): adopted by the United Nations and the specialized agencies of the United Nations system, in particular the Food and Agriculture
p.(None): Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO),
p.(None):
p.(None): Also noting international and regional instruments in the field of bioethics, including the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights
p.(None): and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine: Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine
p.(None): of the Council of Europe, which was adopted in 1997 and entered into force in 1999, together with its Additional Protocols, as well as
...
Social / Religion
Searching for indicator belief:
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p.(None):
p.(None): The fundamental equality of all human beings in dignity and rights is to be respected so that they are treated justly and equitably.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 11 – Non-discrimination and non-stigmatization
p.(None):
p.(None): No individual or group should be discriminated against or stigmatized on any grounds, in violation of human dignity, human rights and
p.(None): fundamental freedoms.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 12 – Respect for cultural diversity and pluralism
p.(None): The importance of cultural diversity and pluralism should be given due regard. However, such considerations are not to be invoked to
p.(None): infringe upon human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms, nor upon the principles set out in this Declaration, nor to limit their
p.(None): scope.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 13 – Solidarity and cooperation
p.(None):
p.(None): Solidarity among human beings and international cooperation towards that end are to be encouraged.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 14 – Social responsibility and health
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. The promotion of health and social development for their people is a central purpose of governments that all sectors of society share.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. Taking into account that the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human
p.(None): being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition, progress in science and technology should
p.(None): advance:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) access to quality health care and essential medicines, especially for the health of women and children, because health is essential to
p.(None): life itself and must be considered to be a social and human good;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) access to adequate nutrition and water;
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) improvement of living conditions and the environment;
p.(None):
p.(None): (d) elimination of the marginalization and the exclusion of persons on the basis of any grounds;
p.(None):
p.(None): (e) reduction of poverty and illiteracy.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 15 – Sharing of benefits
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. Benefits resulting from any scientific research and its applications should be shared with society as a whole and within the international
p.(None): community, in particular with developing countries. In giving effect to this principle, benefits may take any of the following forms:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) special and sustainable assistance to, and acknowledgement of, the persons and groups that have taken part in the research;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) access to quality health care;
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) provision of new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities or products stemming from research;
p.(None):
p.(None): (d) support for health services;
p.(None):
p.(None): (e) access to scientific and technological knowledge;
p.(None):
...
Searching for indicator religion:
(return to top)
p.(None): consistent with international law, in particular international human rights law.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 10 – Equality, justice and equity
p.(None):
p.(None): The fundamental equality of all human beings in dignity and rights is to be respected so that they are treated justly and equitably.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 11 – Non-discrimination and non-stigmatization
p.(None):
p.(None): No individual or group should be discriminated against or stigmatized on any grounds, in violation of human dignity, human rights and
p.(None): fundamental freedoms.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 12 – Respect for cultural diversity and pluralism
p.(None): The importance of cultural diversity and pluralism should be given due regard. However, such considerations are not to be invoked to
p.(None): infringe upon human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms, nor upon the principles set out in this Declaration, nor to limit their
p.(None): scope.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 13 – Solidarity and cooperation
p.(None):
p.(None): Solidarity among human beings and international cooperation towards that end are to be encouraged.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 14 – Social responsibility and health
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. The promotion of health and social development for their people is a central purpose of governments that all sectors of society share.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. Taking into account that the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human
p.(None): being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition, progress in science and technology should
p.(None): advance:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) access to quality health care and essential medicines, especially for the health of women and children, because health is essential to
p.(None): life itself and must be considered to be a social and human good;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) access to adequate nutrition and water;
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) improvement of living conditions and the environment;
p.(None):
p.(None): (d) elimination of the marginalization and the exclusion of persons on the basis of any grounds;
p.(None):
p.(None): (e) reduction of poverty and illiteracy.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 15 – Sharing of benefits
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. Benefits resulting from any scientific research and its applications should be shared with society as a whole and within the international
p.(None): community, in particular with developing countries. In giving effect to this principle, benefits may take any of the following forms:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) special and sustainable assistance to, and acknowledgement of, the persons and groups that have taken part in the research;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) access to quality health care;
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) provision of new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities or products stemming from research;
p.(None):
...
Social / Threat of Stigma
Searching for indicator stigmatized:
(return to top)
p.(None): persons in the same category, subject to the conditions prescribed by law and compatible with the protection of the individual’s human
p.(None): rights. Refusal of such persons to take part in research should be respected.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 8 – Respect for human vulnerability and personal integrity
p.(None):
p.(None): In applying and advancing scientific knowledge, medical practice and associated technologies, human vulnerability should be taken into
p.(None): account. Individuals and groups of special vulnerability should be protected and the personal integrity of such individuals respected.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 9 – Privacy and confidentiality
p.(None):
p.(None): The privacy of the persons concerned and the confidentiality of their personal information should be respected. To the greatest extent
p.(None): possible, such information should not be used or disclosed for purposes other than those for which it was collected or consented to,
p.(None): consistent with international law, in particular international human rights law.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 10 – Equality, justice and equity
p.(None):
p.(None): The fundamental equality of all human beings in dignity and rights is to be respected so that they are treated justly and equitably.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 11 – Non-discrimination and non-stigmatization
p.(None):
p.(None): No individual or group should be discriminated against or stigmatized on any grounds, in violation of human dignity, human rights and
p.(None): fundamental freedoms.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 12 – Respect for cultural diversity and pluralism
p.(None): The importance of cultural diversity and pluralism should be given due regard. However, such considerations are not to be invoked to
p.(None): infringe upon human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms, nor upon the principles set out in this Declaration, nor to limit their
p.(None): scope.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 13 – Solidarity and cooperation
p.(None):
p.(None): Solidarity among human beings and international cooperation towards that end are to be encouraged.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 14 – Social responsibility and health
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. The promotion of health and social development for their people is a central purpose of governments that all sectors of society share.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. Taking into account that the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human
p.(None): being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition, progress in science and technology should
p.(None): advance:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) access to quality health care and essential medicines, especially for the health of women and children, because health is essential to
...
Social / Women
Searching for indicator women:
(return to top)
p.(None): resulting in a strong demand for a global response to the ethical implications of such developments,
p.(None): Culture
p.(None): Recognizing that ethical issues raised by the rapid advances in science and their technological applications should be examined with
p.(None): Communication
p.(None): due respect to the dignity of the human person and universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms,
p.(None): & Information
p.(None): Resolving that it is necessary and timely for the international community to state universal principles that will provide a foundation for
p.(None): Other humanity’s response to the ever-increasing dilemmas and controversies that science and technology present for humankind and for the
p.(None): environment,
p.(None):
p.(None): BY REGION / COUNTRY Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 10 December 1948, the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and
p.(None): Human Rights adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 11 November 1997 and the International Declaration on Human
p.(None): Genetic Data adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 16 October 2003,
p.(None):
p.(None): Noting the United Nations International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and
p.(None): Political Rights of 16 December 1966, the United Nations International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
p.(None): Discrimination of 21 December 1965, the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women of
p.(None): 18 December 1979, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child of 20 November 1989, the United Nations Convention on
p.(None): Biological Diversity of 5 June 1992, the Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities adopted by the
p.(None): Africa General Assembly of the United Nations in 1993, the UNESCO Recommendation on the Status of Scientific Researchers of 20
p.(None): November 1974, the UNESCO Declaration on Race and Racial Prejudice of 27 November 1978, the UNESCO Declaration on the
p.(None): Arab States Responsibilities of the Present Generations Towards Future Generations of 12 November 1997, the UNESCO Universal Declaration on
p.(None): Asia/Pacific Cultural Diversity of 2 November 2001, the ILO Convention 169 concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries of
p.(None): 27 June 1989, the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture which was adopted by the FAO Conference
p.(None): Europe/North America on 3 November 2001 and entered into force on 29 June 2004, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
p.(None): (TRIPS) annexed to the Marrakech Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization, which entered into force on 1 January 1995,
p.(None): Latin America/Caribbean
p.(None): the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health of 14 November 2001 and other relevant international instruments
...
p.(None):
p.(None): Also recognizing that decisions regarding ethical issues in medicine, life sciences and associated technologies may have an impact on
p.(None): individuals, families, groups or communities and humankind as a whole,
p.(None):
p.(None): Bearing in mind that cultural diversity, as a source of exchange, innovation and creativity, is necessary to humankind and, in this sense,
p.(None): is the common heritage of humanity, but emphasizing that it may not be invoked at the expense of human rights and fundamental
p.(None): freedoms,
p.(None):
p.(None): Also bearing in mind that a person’s identity includes biological, psychological, social, cultural and spiritual dimensions,
p.(None):
p.(None): Recognizing that unethical scientific and technological conduct has had a particular impact on indigenous and local communities,
p.(None):
p.(None): Convinced that moral sensitivity and ethical reflection should be an integral part of the process of scientific and technological
p.(None): developments and that bioethics should play a predominant role in the choices that need to be made concerning issues arising from such
p.(None): developments,
p.(None):
p.(None): Considering the desirability of developing new approaches to social responsibility to ensure that progress in science and technology
p.(None): contributes to justice, equity and to the interest of humanity,
p.(None):
p.(None): Recognizing that an important way to evaluate social realities and achieve equity is to pay attention to the position of women,
p.(None):
p.(None): Stressing the need to reinforce international cooperation in the field of bioethics, taking into account, in particular, the special needs of
p.(None): developing countries, indigenous communities and vulnerable populations,
p.(None):
p.(None): Considering that all human beings, without distinction, should benefit from the same high ethical standards in medicine and life science
p.(None): research,
p.(None):
p.(None): Proclaims the principles that follow and adopts the present Declaration.
p.(None):
p.(None): General provisions
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 1 – Scope
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. This Declaration addresses ethical issues related to medicine, life sciences and associated technologies as applied to human beings,
p.(None): taking into account their social, legal and environmental dimensions.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. This Declaration is addressed to States. As appropriate and relevant, it also provides guidance to decisions or practices of individuals,
p.(None): groups, communities, institutions and corporations, public and private.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 2 – Aims
p.(None):
p.(None): The aims of this Declaration are:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) to provide a universal framework of principles and procedures to guide States in the formulation of their legislation, policies or other
p.(None): instruments in the field of bioethics;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) to guide the actions of individuals, groups, communities, institutions and corporations, public and private;
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) to promote respect for human dignity and protect human rights, by ensuring respect for the life of human beings, and fundamental
...
p.(None):
p.(None): No individual or group should be discriminated against or stigmatized on any grounds, in violation of human dignity, human rights and
p.(None): fundamental freedoms.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 12 – Respect for cultural diversity and pluralism
p.(None): The importance of cultural diversity and pluralism should be given due regard. However, such considerations are not to be invoked to
p.(None): infringe upon human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms, nor upon the principles set out in this Declaration, nor to limit their
p.(None): scope.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 13 – Solidarity and cooperation
p.(None):
p.(None): Solidarity among human beings and international cooperation towards that end are to be encouraged.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 14 – Social responsibility and health
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. The promotion of health and social development for their people is a central purpose of governments that all sectors of society share.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. Taking into account that the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human
p.(None): being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition, progress in science and technology should
p.(None): advance:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) access to quality health care and essential medicines, especially for the health of women and children, because health is essential to
p.(None): life itself and must be considered to be a social and human good;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) access to adequate nutrition and water;
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) improvement of living conditions and the environment;
p.(None):
p.(None): (d) elimination of the marginalization and the exclusion of persons on the basis of any grounds;
p.(None):
p.(None): (e) reduction of poverty and illiteracy.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 15 – Sharing of benefits
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. Benefits resulting from any scientific research and its applications should be shared with society as a whole and within the international
p.(None): community, in particular with developing countries. In giving effect to this principle, benefits may take any of the following forms:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) special and sustainable assistance to, and acknowledgement of, the persons and groups that have taken part in the research;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) access to quality health care;
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) provision of new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities or products stemming from research;
p.(None):
p.(None): (d) support for health services;
p.(None):
p.(None): (e) access to scientific and technological knowledge;
p.(None):
p.(None): (f) capacity-building facilities for research purposes;
p.(None):
p.(None): (g) other forms of benefit consistent with the principles set out in this Declaration.
p.(None):
...
Social / education
Searching for indicator education:
(return to top)
p.(None): UNESCO.ORG The Organization Education Natural Sciences Social & Human Sciences Culture Communication & Information Sitemap
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): Français - Español HOME Print Send
p.(None):
p.(None): UNESCO ORGANIZATION
p.(None): Office of International Standards and
p.(None): UNESCO Constitution Legal Affairs
p.(None): Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights
p.(None): Mission
p.(None):
p.(None): BY TYPE 19 October 2005 Who´s who?
p.(None):
p.(None): Conventions
p.(None): Recommendations RESOURCES
p.(None):
p.(None): Declarations UNESDOC - (PDF) English - French - Spanish - Russian - Chinese - Arabic
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None):
p.(None): BY THEME The General Conference ,
p.(None):
p.(None): Education Conscious of the unique capacity of human beings to reflect upon their own existence and on their environment, to perceive injustice, to
p.(None): avoid danger, to assume responsibility, to seek cooperation and to exhibit the moral sense that gives expression to ethical principles,
p.(None): Natural Sciences
p.(None): Social & Human Sciences Reflecting on the rapid developments in science and technology, which increasingly affect our understanding of life and life itself,
p.(None): resulting in a strong demand for a global response to the ethical implications of such developments,
p.(None): Culture
p.(None): Recognizing that ethical issues raised by the rapid advances in science and their technological applications should be examined with
p.(None): Communication
p.(None): due respect to the dignity of the human person and universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms,
p.(None): & Information
p.(None): Resolving that it is necessary and timely for the international community to state universal principles that will provide a foundation for
p.(None): Other humanity’s response to the ever-increasing dilemmas and controversies that science and technology present for humankind and for the
p.(None): environment,
p.(None):
p.(None): BY REGION / COUNTRY Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 10 December 1948, the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and
p.(None): Human Rights adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 11 November 1997 and the International Declaration on Human
p.(None): Genetic Data adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO on 16 October 2003,
p.(None):
...
p.(None): and utilization of biological and genetic resources, to respect for traditional knowledge and to the role of human beings in the protection of
p.(None): the environment, the biosphere and biodiversity.
p.(None):
p.(None): Application of the principles
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 18 – Decision-making and addressing bioethical issues
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. Professionalism, honesty, integrity and transparency in decision-making should be promoted, in particular declarations of all conflicts
p.(None): of interest and appropriate sharing of knowledge. Every endeavour should be made to use the best available scientific knowledge and
p.(None): methodology in addressing and periodically reviewing bioethical issues.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. Persons and professionals concerned and society as a whole should be engaged in dialogue on a regular basis.
p.(None):
p.(None): 3. Opportunities for informed pluralistic public debate, seeking the expression of all relevant opinions, should be promoted.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 19 – Ethics committees
p.(None):
p.(None): Independent, multidisciplinary and pluralist ethics committees should be established, promoted and supported at the appropriate level in
p.(None): order to:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) assess the relevant ethical, legal, scientific and social issues related to research projects involving human beings;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) provide advice on ethical problems in clinical settings;
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) assess scientific and technological developments, formulate recommendations and contribute to the preparation of guidelines on
p.(None): issues within the scope of this Declaration;
p.(None):
p.(None): (d) foster debate, education and public awareness of, and engagement in, bioethics.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 20 – Risk assessment and management
p.(None):
p.(None): Appropriate assessment and adequate management of risk related to medicine, life sciences and associated technologies should be
p.(None): promoted.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 21 – Transnational practices
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. States, public and private institutions, and professionals associated with transnational activities should endeavour to ensure that any
p.(None): activity within the scope of this Declaration, undertaken, funded or otherwise pursued in whole or in part in different States, is consistent
p.(None): with the principles set out in this Declaration.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. When research is undertaken or otherwise pursued in one or more States (the host State(s)) and funded by a source in another State,
p.(None): such research should be the object of an appropriate level of ethical review in the host State(s) and the State in which the funder is
p.(None): located. This review should be based on ethical and legal standards that are consistent with the principles set out in this Declaration.
p.(None):
p.(None): 3. Transnational health research should be responsive to the needs of host countries, and the importance of research contributing to the
p.(None): alleviation of urgent global health problems should be recognized.
p.(None):
p.(None): 4. When negotiating a research agreement, terms for collaboration and agreement on the benefits of research should be established with
p.(None): equal participation by those party to the negotiation.
p.(None):
p.(None): 5. States should take appropriate measures, both at the national and international levels, to combat bioterrorism and illicit traffic in
p.(None): organs, tissues, samples, genetic resources and genetic-related materials.
p.(None):
p.(None): Promotion of the Declaration
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 22 – Role of States
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. States should take all appropriate measures, whether of a legislative, administrative or other character, to give effect to the principles
p.(None): set out in this Declaration in accordance with international human rights law. Such measures should be supported by action in the
p.(None): spheres of education, training and public information.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. States should encourage the establishment of independent, multidisciplinary and pluralist ethics committees, as set out in Article 19.
p.(None): Article 23 – Bioethics education, training and information
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. In order to promote the principles set out in this Declaration and to achieve a better understanding of the ethical implications of
p.(None): scientific and technological developments, in particular for young people, States should endeavour to foster bioethics education and
p.(None): training at all levels as well as to encourage information and knowledge dissemination programmes about bioethics.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. States should encourage the participation of international and regional intergovernmental organizations and international, regional and
p.(None): national non governmental organizations in this endeavour.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 24 – International cooperation
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. States should foster international dissemination of scientific information and encourage the free flow and sharing of scientific and
p.(None): technological knowledge.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. Within the framework of international cooperation, States should promote cultural and scientific cooperation and enter into bilateral and
p.(None): multilateral agreements enabling developing countries to build up their capacity to participate in generating and sharing scientific
p.(None): knowledge, the related know-how and the benefits thereof.
p.(None):
p.(None): 3. States should respect and promote solidarity between and among States, as well as individuals, families, groups and communities,
p.(None): with special regard for those rendered vulnerable by disease or disability or other personal, societal or environmental conditions and
p.(None): those with the most limited resources.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 25 – Follow-up action by UNESCO
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. UNESCO shall promote and disseminate the principles set out in this Declaration. In doing so, UNESCO should seek the help and
p.(None): assistance of the Intergovernmental Bioethics Committee (IGBC) and the International Bioethics Committee (IBC).
...
Economic / Economic/Poverty
Searching for indicator poverty:
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p.(None): infringe upon human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms, nor upon the principles set out in this Declaration, nor to limit their
p.(None): scope.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 13 – Solidarity and cooperation
p.(None):
p.(None): Solidarity among human beings and international cooperation towards that end are to be encouraged.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 14 – Social responsibility and health
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. The promotion of health and social development for their people is a central purpose of governments that all sectors of society share.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. Taking into account that the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human
p.(None): being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition, progress in science and technology should
p.(None): advance:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) access to quality health care and essential medicines, especially for the health of women and children, because health is essential to
p.(None): life itself and must be considered to be a social and human good;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) access to adequate nutrition and water;
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) improvement of living conditions and the environment;
p.(None):
p.(None): (d) elimination of the marginalization and the exclusion of persons on the basis of any grounds;
p.(None):
p.(None): (e) reduction of poverty and illiteracy.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 15 – Sharing of benefits
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. Benefits resulting from any scientific research and its applications should be shared with society as a whole and within the international
p.(None): community, in particular with developing countries. In giving effect to this principle, benefits may take any of the following forms:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) special and sustainable assistance to, and acknowledgement of, the persons and groups that have taken part in the research;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) access to quality health care;
p.(None):
p.(None): (c) provision of new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities or products stemming from research;
p.(None):
p.(None): (d) support for health services;
p.(None):
p.(None): (e) access to scientific and technological knowledge;
p.(None):
p.(None): (f) capacity-building facilities for research purposes;
p.(None):
p.(None): (g) other forms of benefit consistent with the principles set out in this Declaration.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. Benefits should not constitute improper inducements to participate in research.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 16 – Protecting future generations
p.(None):
p.(None): The impact of life sciences on future generations, including on their genetic constitution, should be given due regard.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 17 – Protection of the environment, the biosphere and biodiversity
p.(None):
p.(None): Due regard is to be given to the interconnection between human beings and other forms of life, to the importance of appropriate access
...
General/Other / Impaired Autonomy
Searching for indicator autonomy:
(return to top)
p.(None):
p.(None): (f) to promote equitable access to medical, scientific and technological developments as well as the greatest possible flow and the rapid
p.(None): sharing of knowledge concerning those developments and the sharing of benefits, with particular attention to the needs of developing
p.(None): countries;
p.(None):
p.(None): (g) to safeguard and promote the interests of the present and future generations;
p.(None):
p.(None): (h) to underline the importance of biodiversity and its conservation as a common concern of humankind.
p.(None):
p.(None): Principles
p.(None):
p.(None): Within the scope of this Declaration, in decisions or practices taken or carried out by those to whom it is addressed, the following
p.(None): principles are to be respected.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 3 – Human dignity and human rights
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. Human dignity, human rights and fundamental freedoms are to be fully respected.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. The interests and welfare of the individual should have priority over the sole interest of science or society.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 4 – Benefit and harm
p.(None):
p.(None): In applying and advancing scientific knowledge, medical practice and associated technologies, direct and indirect benefits to patients,
p.(None): research participants and other affected individuals should be maximized and any possible harm to such individuals should be
p.(None): minimized.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 5 – Autonomy and individual responsibility
p.(None):
p.(None): The autonomy of persons to make decisions, while taking responsibility for those decisions and respecting the autonomy of others, is to
p.(None): be respected. For persons who are not capable of exercising autonomy, special measures are to be taken to protect their rights and
p.(None): interests.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 6 – Consent
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. Any preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic medical intervention is only to be carried out with the prior, free and informed consent of
p.(None): the person concerned, based on adequate information. The consent should, where appropriate, be express and may be withdrawn by
p.(None): the person concerned at any time and for any reason without disadvantage or prejudice.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. Scientific research should only be carried out with the prior, free, express and informed consent of the person concerned. The
p.(None): information should be adequate, provided in a comprehensible form and should include modalities for withdrawal of consent. Consent
p.(None): may be withdrawn by the person concerned at any time and for any reason without any disadvantage or prejudice. Exceptions to this
p.(None): principle should be made only in accordance with ethical and legal standards adopted by States, consistent with the principles and
p.(None): provisions set out in this Declaration, in particular in Article 27, and international human rights law.
p.(None):
p.(None): 3. In appropriate cases of research carried out on a group of persons or a community, additional agreement of the legal representatives
p.(None): of the group or community concerned may be sought. In no case should a collective community agreement or the consent of a
...
General/Other / Relationship to Authority
Searching for indicator authority:
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p.(None): interests.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 6 – Consent
p.(None):
p.(None): 1. Any preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic medical intervention is only to be carried out with the prior, free and informed consent of
p.(None): the person concerned, based on adequate information. The consent should, where appropriate, be express and may be withdrawn by
p.(None): the person concerned at any time and for any reason without disadvantage or prejudice.
p.(None):
p.(None): 2. Scientific research should only be carried out with the prior, free, express and informed consent of the person concerned. The
p.(None): information should be adequate, provided in a comprehensible form and should include modalities for withdrawal of consent. Consent
p.(None): may be withdrawn by the person concerned at any time and for any reason without any disadvantage or prejudice. Exceptions to this
p.(None): principle should be made only in accordance with ethical and legal standards adopted by States, consistent with the principles and
p.(None): provisions set out in this Declaration, in particular in Article 27, and international human rights law.
p.(None):
p.(None): 3. In appropriate cases of research carried out on a group of persons or a community, additional agreement of the legal representatives
p.(None): of the group or community concerned may be sought. In no case should a collective community agreement or the consent of a
p.(None): community leader or other authority substitute for an individual’s informed consent.
p.(None):
p.(None): Article 7 – Persons without the capacity to consent
p.(None):
p.(None): In accordance with domestic law, special protection is to be given to persons who do not have the capacity to consent:
p.(None):
p.(None): (a) authorization for research and medical practice should be obtained in accordance with the best interest of the person concerned and
p.(None): in accordance with domestic law. However, the person concerned should be involved to the greatest extent possible in the decision-
p.(None): making process of consent, as well as that of withdrawing consent;
p.(None):
p.(None): (b) research should only be carried out for his or her direct health benefit, subject to the authorization and the protective conditions
p.(None): prescribed by law, and if there is no research alternative of comparable effectiveness with research participants able to consent.
p.(None): Research which does not have potential direct health benefit should only be undertaken by way of exception, with the utmost restraint,
p.(None): exposing the person only to a minimal risk and minimal burden and, if the research is expected to contribute to the health benefit of other
...
General/Other / declaration of helsinki
Searching for indicator helsinki:
(return to top)
p.(None): 27 June 1989, the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture which was adopted by the FAO Conference
p.(None): Europe/North America on 3 November 2001 and entered into force on 29 June 2004, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
p.(None): (TRIPS) annexed to the Marrakech Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization, which entered into force on 1 January 1995,
p.(None): Latin America/Caribbean
p.(None): the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health of 14 November 2001 and other relevant international instruments
p.(None): adopted by the United Nations and the specialized agencies of the United Nations system, in particular the Food and Agriculture
p.(None): Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO),
p.(None):
p.(None): Also noting international and regional instruments in the field of bioethics, including the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights
p.(None): and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine: Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine
p.(None): of the Council of Europe, which was adopted in 1997 and entered into force in 1999, together with its Additional Protocols, as well as
p.(None): national legislation and regulations in the field of bioethics and the international and regional codes of conduct and guidelines and other
p.(None): texts in the field of bioethics, such as the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association on Ethical Principles for Medical
p.(None): Research Involving Human Subjects, adopted in 1964 and amended in 1975, 1983, 1989, 1996 and 2000 and the International Ethical
p.(None): Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects of the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences,
p.(None): adopted in 1982 and amended in 1993 and 2002,
p.(None):
p.(None): Recognizing that this Declaration is to be understood in a manner consistent with domestic and international law in conformity with
p.(None): human rights law,
p.(None):
p.(None): Recalling the Constitution of UNESCO adopted on 16 November 1945,
p.(None):
p.(None): Considering UNESCO’s role in identifying universal principles based on shared ethical values to guide scientific and technological
p.(None): development and social transformation in order to identify emerging challenges in science and technology taking into account the
p.(None): responsibility of the present generations towards future generations, and that questions of bioethics, which necessarily have an
p.(None): international dimension, should be treated as a whole, drawing on the principles already stated in the Universal Declaration on the
p.(None): Human Genome and Human Rights and the International Declaration on Human Genetic Data and taking account not only of the current
p.(None): scientific context but also of future developments,
p.(None):
p.(None): Aware that human beings are an integral part of the biosphere, with an important role in protecting one another and other forms of life, in
p.(None): particular animals,
p.(None):
p.(None): Recognizing that, based on the freedom of science and research, scientific and technological developments have been, and can be, of
p.(None): great benefit to humankind in increasing, inter alia, life expectancy and improving the quality of life, and emphasizing that such
...
Orphaned Trigger Words
Appendix
Indicator List
| Indicator | Vulnerability |
|---|
| access | Access to Social Goods |
| authority | Relationship to Authority |
| autonomy | Impaired Autonomy |
| belief | Religion |
| child | Child |
| children | Child |
| criminal | criminal |
| disability | Mentally Disabled |
| education | education |
| helsinki | declaration of helsinki |
| home | Property Ownership |
| indigenous | Indigenous |
| party | political affiliation |
| political | political affiliation |
| poverty | Economic/Poverty |
| property | Property Ownership |
| race | Racial Minority |
| racial | Racial Minority |
| religion | Religion |
| stigmatized | Threat of Stigma |
| vulnerability | vulnerable |
| vulnerable | vulnerable |
| women | Women |
Indicator Peers (Indicators in Same Vulnerability)
| Indicator | Peers |
|---|
| belief | ['religion'] |
| child | ['children'] |
| children | ['child'] |
| home | ['property'] |
| party | ['political'] |
| political | ['party'] |
| property | ['home'] |
| race | ['racial'] |
| racial | ['race'] |
| religion | ['belief'] |
| vulnerability | ['vulnerable'] |
| vulnerable | ['vulnerability'] |
Trigger Words
capacity
consent
cultural
developing
ethics
harm
justice
protect
protection
risk
welfare
Applicable Type / Vulnerability / Indicator Overlay for this Input