MEDICAL PROMISE
I accept with respect and gratitude to my Masters the title of doctor given me and fully aware of it
I promise duties:
• perform these duties conscientiously;
• serve human life and health;
• to the best of my knowledge, counteract suffering and prevent disease, and help the sick without any help
differences such as: race, religion, nationality, political views, property status and others, with the sole aim of
good and showing them due respect;
• not to abuse their trust and to keep medical confidentiality even after the patient's death;
• protect the dignity of the medical condition and do not stain it with anything, and refer to fellow doctors with their due
with kindness, without undermining confidence in them, but with impartiality and for the well-being of the sick;
• constantly expand my knowledge of medicine and communicate everything I can to the medical world
invent and improve.
I promise you this celebration!
GENERAL PART
Art. 1.
1. The principles of medical ethics result from general ethical standards.
2. They oblige the doctor to respect human rights and to care for the dignity of the medical profession.
3. Any conduct of a physician which undermines trust in the profession is a violation of the dignity of the profession.
Art. 2.
1. The doctor's calling is to protect human life and health, prevent diseases, treat the sick and carry them
relief from suffering; the doctor cannot use his medical knowledge and skill in any way contrary to this
calling.
2. The highest ethical imperative of a doctor is the good of the sick - salus aegroti suprema lex esto. Market mechanisms,
social pressures and administrative requirements do not exempt a doctor from complying with this rule.
Art. 3.
The doctor should always fulfill his duties with respect for the human being without
due to age, sex, race, genetic equipment, nationality, religion, social affiliation, situation
material, political opinions or other conditions.
Art. 4.
In order to fulfill his tasks, the doctor should remain free in his professional activities, in accordance with his conscience and
modern medical knowledge.
Art. 5.
The medical chamber is obliged to ensure the observance of the principles of medical ethics and deontology and behavior
the dignity of the profession by all members of the self-government
medical as well as to ensure that the law does not violate the principles of medical ethics.
DETAILED PART CHAPTER I
Doctor's conduct towards the patient Art. 6.
The physician is free to choose the methods of treatment which he considers most effective. However, it should limit
medical activities actually needed by the patient according to the current state of knowledge.
Art. 7.
In particularly justified cases, the doctor may refrain from or withdraw from the treatment of the patient, except for:
urgent cases. Without starting or withdrawing from treatment, the physician should indicate to the patient another one
possibility of obtaining medical assistance.
Quality of medical care Art. 8.
The physician should carry out all diagnostic, treatment and preventive procedures with due diligence,
giving them the necessary time.
Art. 9.
The doctor may start treatment only after prior examination of the patient. The exceptions are when medical advice is provided
may only be granted remotely.
Art. 10.
1. The physician should not exceed his professional skills in performing diagnostic activities,
preventive, therapeutic and certifying.
2. If the scope of these activities exceeds the skills of the doctor, then he should refer to a more competent one
friend. This does not apply to emergencies and
serious illnesses, when delay may endanger the health or life of the patient.
Art. 11.
A physician should endeavor to practice his profession in conditions that ensure the appropriate quality of care
patient.
Respect for patients' rights Art. 12.
1. A doctor should treat patients in a friendly and cultural manner, respecting their personal dignity, the right to intimacy and
privacy.
2. The relationship between the patient and the doctor should be based on their mutual trust; therefore the patient should have
the right to choose a doctor.
Art. 13.
1. It is the doctor's duty to respect the patient's right to consciously participate in decisions concerning
his health.
2. The information provided to the patient should be formulated in a way that is understandable to him.
3. The physician should inform the patient about the potential risk of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures i
the expected benefits related to the performance of these procedures, as well as the possibilities of using another
medical procedure.
Art. 14.
The doctor cannot use his influence on the patient for any purpose other than therapeutic.
Art. 15.
1. Diagnostic, treatment and preventive measures require the patient's consent. If the patient is incapable of
informed consent should be expressed by his statutory representative or the person actually caring for it
patient.
2. In the case of a minor, the doctor should also try to obtain his consent, if he is able to do so
knowingly expressing this consent.
3. The initiation of diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive procedures without the patient's consent may be allowed
only exceptionally in special cases of threat to the life or health of the patient or other people.
4. The examination without the required consent of the patient may also be performed by the physician on the order of an authority or institution
authorized to do so under the law, as long as it does not create excessive health risk for the patient.
5. If consent to the proposed procedure is not obtained, the physician should continue to surround him as much as possible
the patient under medical care.
Art. 16.
1. A physician may not inform a patient about his or her health condition or treatment, if the patient so wishes.
Informing the family or other people should be agreed with the patient.
2. In the case of an unconscious patient, the doctor may provide the patient with the necessary information for the patient's benefit
whom he is convinced that it is acting in the patient's interest.
3. In the case of a minor patient, the doctor is obliged to inform his / her legal representative or
de facto guardian.
Art. 17.
In the event of an unfavorable prognosis for the patient, the doctor should inform the patient with tact and caution.
The message about the diagnosis and poor prognosis may not be given to the patient only if the doctor is present
deeply convinced that its disclosure will cause serious suffering of the patient or other adverse health
aftermath; however, at the patient's express request, the physician should provide full information.
Art. 18.
The attending physician may not object to the patient asking for an opinion on his or her health condition and medical procedures
another doctor. At the patient's request, it should facilitate such a consultation.
Art. 19.
During treatment, the patient has the right to benefit from the care of family or friends, as well as to contact a clergyman.
The physician should be sympathetic towards the relatives of the patient who express concerns about their health and life towards the physician
sick.
Art. 20.
The doctor undertaking the care of the patient should try to ensure the continuity of treatment, and if necessary also
help from other doctors.
Art. 21.
If a doctor makes a serious mistake or unexpected complications occur during treatment,
the physician should inform the patient about it and take steps to correct their consequences.
Art. 22.
In cases requiring specific forms of diagnosis, therapy or preventive actions, which cannot be
when used simultaneously in all in need, the ordering physician should be based on
medical criteria.
Medical confidentiality Art. 23.
The doctor is obliged to keep medical confidentiality. The information about the patient and his surroundings are kept secret
obtained by a doctor in connection with performed professional activities. The death of a sick person does not release him from his duty
keeping medical confidentiality.
Art. 24.
It is not a breach of medical confidentiality to provide information about the patient's health to another doctor, if
it is necessary for further treatment or for the assessment of the patient's state of health.
Art. 25.
Exemption from keeping medical confidentiality may take place:
• when the patient agrees to it,
• if keeping the secrecy significantly threatens the health or life of the patient or other people, and
• if required by law.
Art. 26.
It is not a breach of medical confidentiality if, following a medical examination at the request of an authorized
under the law of the authority, the test result will be communicated
principals; However, an indispensable condition is that the doctor informs the person who is about it before the examination
is to be investigated. Any information that is not necessary to support the conclusions of the audit should
still be covered
medical secret.
Art. 27.
The doctor has the right to reveal any noticed facts of a threat to health or life as a result of violating human rights.
Art. 28.
The physician should ensure that persons assisting or assisting him in his work observe professional secrecy.
Their admission to confidentiality should cover only information necessary for proper performance
their professional activities. The doctor must ensure that medical records are properly kept and secured
before its disclosure. Medical documentation should contain
only the information needed for medical treatment.
Art. 29.
The doctor and persons cooperating with him are obliged to protect the confidentiality of the information contained in the material
the genetic makeup of patients and their families.
Helping the sick in terminal states Art. 30.
The doctor should make every effort to provide the patient with humane care
terminal and dignified conditions for dying. The physician should fully alleviate the suffering of terminally ill patients and
maintain, as far as possible, the quality of the ending life.
Art. 31.
The doctor must not use euthanasia or assist the patient in committing suicide.
Art. 32.
1. In terminal states the physician is not obliged to undertake and conduct resuscitation or persistent therapy i
the use of emergency measures.
2. The decision to stop resuscitation rests with the physician and is related to the assessment of therapeutic chances.
Transplantation Art. 33.
The physician may take cells, tissues, and organs from the cadaver for transplantation, as long as the deceased did not express
objection.
Art. 34.
After confirming cerebral death, the doctor should support the functioning of cells, tissues and organs, if any
be transplanted.
Art. 35.
The physician may not receive any material or personal benefit for the collected or transplanted cells, tissues and organs.
Art. 36.
Collection of cells, tissues or organs from a living donor for the purpose of transplantation may only be performed from an adult
with his written consent, under the conditions of full voluntary, after informing him of all possible
the consequences of this treatment. Collection of an organ necessary for life from a living donor is not allowed.
Art. 37.
Taking bone marrow from a child is allowed with the consent of the child's legal representative. In the case of a minor,
if it is capable of giving informed consent, its consent should also be obtained.
Procreation Art. 38.
1. The physician should be particularly responsible for the process of transmitting human life.
2. The physician should provide information consistent with medical knowledge about fertilization processes and methods of regulation
conception, taking into account their effectiveness, mechanism of action and risk.
3. The doctor is obliged to familiarize patients with the possibilities of modern medical genetics, as well as diagnostics and
pre-birth therapy. By passing on the above
information, the physician is obliged to inform about the risks associated with prenatal examinations.
Art. 39.
By taking medical measures in a pregnant woman, the doctor is also responsible for the health and life of her baby. Because
it is the doctor's responsibility to try to preserve the health and life of the child also before its birth.
Art. 39a.
The physician may not participate in human cloning procedures for reproductive or therapeutic purposes.
Medical certificates Art. 40.
The issuing of medical certificates is allowed only on the basis of a recent examination or appropriate documentation.
Art. 41.
Any medical certificate or other medical document should allow
identification of the doctor who issued it. The content of the document should be consistent with the physician's knowledge and conscience. Can not be
it is formulated by a doctor under pressure or in the expectation of personal gain.
CHAPTER II
Scientific research and biomedical experiments Art. 41a.
A doctor who conducts scientific research, in particular medical experiments,
should comply with the standards and obligations arising from the Code of Medical Ethics and generally accepted ethical principles
scientific research 1
Art. 42.
Medical experiments with human participation can be performed by a physician as long as they serve to improve the health of the patient
participating in the experiment or contribute important data expanding the scope of medical knowledge and skills.
The physician conducting the treatment experiment should be convinced of the expected benefits for the patient
materially outweigh the inevitable risks.
Art. 42a.
1. A physician conducting a therapeutic experiment may not expose the patient to a risk significantly greater than
the one that threatens a person not subjected to this experiment.
2. A physician conducting a research experiment may take only a minimal risk.
Art. 43.
1. The physician must obtain prior informed consent from the person to be subjected to the medical experiment
her about all aspects of the experience that may concern her and about the right to withdraw from
participate in the experiment.
2. The person expressing consent to participate in the experiment cannot do so under the influence of dependence on the doctor or
being under any pressure.
3. The doctor cannot conduct research experiments with the participation of incapacitated persons, service soldiers
essential and persons deprived of liberty, with the exception of research conducted for the benefit of these groups.
Art. 44.
1. In the case of a patient incapable of making informed decisions and expressing will, the physician should get on
the consent of his statutory representative or guardianship court in writing.
2. A necessary condition to undertake a medical experiment with the participation of the persons mentioned in sec. 1 is missing
the possibility of carrying out tests of comparable effectiveness with the participation of people capable of giving consent.
Art. 45.
1. A physician participating in medical experiments must conduct them in accordance with the principles of scientific research.
Experiments involving humans should be preceded by in vitro and in vivo tests on animals. Pets
subjected to experiments should be handled appropriately and, as far as possible, protected from suffering.
2. A physician is not allowed to carry out research experiments involving a human being in the embryonic stage.
3. A physician may conduct therapeutic experiments involving a human in the embryonic stage only if:
the expected health benefits significantly exceed the health risks of untested embryos
healing.
Art. 46.
The design of any human experiment should be clearly defined and submitted for independent evaluation
ethics committee for its approval.
Art. 47.
A medical experiment involving a human can only be carried out under the supervision of a medical practitioner
appropriately high qualifications.
Art. 48.
All discoveries and observations related to the practice of the profession should be passed on to the medical community and
publish mainly in the medical press.
Art. 49.
Copyright in scientific publications must be strictly observed. Adding one's name to the works of teams, in
which were not attended or the omission of the names of those who participated in them is a violation of ethics.
The use of clinical material for scientific research requires the consent of the head of the clinic or the head of the department
treating the patient.
Art. 50.
The results of tests conducted contrary to the principles of medical ethics should not be published.
Art. 51.
1. The consent of the patient or his legal representative to participate in scientific demonstrations is required
or teaching.
2. The anonymity of the person being presented should be kept anonymous.
CHAPTER IIa
Relationships of doctors with industry Art. 51a.
1. A physician should not accept benefits from the medical industry where this can limit this
objectivity of his professional opinion or undermine confidence in the medical profession.
2. The physician may accept payment from the manufacturer of drugs or medical devices (medical equipment and supplies) for
work performed, conducting training and research that deepen medical or professional knowledge, if this payment is made
commensurate with the doctor's workload.
Art. 51b.
A physician with financial ties to the medical industry must in no way derogate from the full treatment
objective clinical decisions or acting in the best interests of patients and trial persons.
Art. 51c.
The physician should disclose to lecturers and publishing editors any connections with companies or subsidies from them
parties, and other benefits that may cause a conflict of interest.
Art. 51d.
A physician participating in research sponsored by manufacturers of drugs or medical devices (equipment and appliances
medical) must ensure that the research is conducted in accordance with the principles of ethics. The doctor should not be involved in
scientific research aimed at promoting these products.
Art. 51e.
The physician should disclose his relationship with the manufacturer of drugs or medical devices (medical equipment and supplies)
patients who are to undergo studies sponsored by this manufacturer.
Art. 51f.
A doctor may not accept remuneration for the mere referral of a patient to research conducted or sponsored by
manufacturer of drugs or medical devices (medical equipment and appliances).
Art. 51g.
A doctor participating in research commissioned by manufacturers of drugs or medical devices (equipment and accessories
medical) must counteract biased presentation
their results in publications.
CHAPTER II b
The human genome Art. 51h.
1. A physician may not discriminate against people on the basis of genetic heritage.
2. A doctor who participates in research aimed at identifying the carrier of a disease or genetic gene
susceptibility to diseases, may only be carried out for health purposes or research related to them,
after obtaining the patient's consent and enabling him to genetically consult.
3. A physician may intervene within the human genome for prophylactic or therapeutic purposes only
in accordance with Art. 46 of the Code of Medical Ethics.
4. The doctor may not participate in activities aimed at inducing hereditary genetic changes in
human.
CHAPTER III
Mutual relations between doctors Art. 52.
1. Physicians should show mutual respect. Special respect and considerations are due to senior doctors, a
especially former teachers.
2. The physician should exercise particular caution in forming his opinion about
professional activities of another doctor, in particular, should not publicly discredit him in any way.
3. The doctor should convey all remarks about noticed errors in the conduct of another doctor first of all
this doctor. If the intervention turns out to be ineffective, or if an error or a breach of ethics is noticed, it causes
serious damage, it is necessary to inform the authority of the medical chamber
4. Informing the body of the medical chamber about noticed breach of ethical principles and professional incompetence of another
the doctor is not a violation of ethics.
5. If a perceived mistake, made by another doctor, has a negative impact on the patient's health, it should be
take action to reverse its effects.
Art. 53.
1. Experienced doctors should offer advice and assistance to less experienced colleagues, especially in difficult cases
clinical.
2. Doctors in managerial positions should treat their employees ethically.
3. Doctors performing managerial functions are obliged to take special care of the patient's well-being and the working conditions and
professional development of their subordinates.
Art. 54.
In case of diagnostic and therapeutic doubts, the physician should, if possible, consult the patient
another doctor. The consultant's opinion is advisory because the treating physician is responsible for the entire procedure
treatment.
Art. 55.
The doctor controlling the work of other doctors should, if possible, notify them in advance to enable them
presence during the inspection and direct submission of comments on its results.
CHAPTER IV
Rules of conduct in medical practice Art. 56.
1. It is the duty of every doctor to constantly supplement and improve his knowledge and professional skills as well
passing them on to your colleagues.
2. Doctors, as far as possible, should actively participate in the work of medical societies.
Art. 57.
1. A physician is not allowed to use methods recognized by science as harmful, worthless or not
scientifically verified. He is also not allowed
interact with people involved in treatment, but not having the right to do so.
2. When choosing the form of diagnosis or therapy, the doctor is obliged to follow the criterion of effectiveness
and the patient's safety and not expose him to unreasonable costs.
3. A physician should not choose and recommend a treatment center and diagnostic methods due to the
your own benefits.
Art. 58.
The physician should treat medical and support staff with due respect and culture.
But he should remember that only he has the right
making decisions related to his treatment.
Art. 59.
Doctors should support the activities of their self-government, whose task is to provide doctors with due support
position in society. When criticizing the activities of medical self-government bodies, they should carry it out primarily
everyone in the medical community or in medical journals.
Art. 60.
If the good name of the doctor is violated, and the professional liability ombudsman or the medical court does not confirm
against the charges against him, the doctor should obtain from the medical chamber all possible assistance in remedying the damage caused to him
damages.
Art. 61.
A doctor of a state office, local government office or any public or private institution should be honest
fulfill obligations made towards these institutions; however, the doctor should not follow the employer's instructions
contrary to the principles of medical ethics and deontology.
Art. 62.
You may only practice medicine under your own name. A physician may only use the titles he is entitled to
professional and scientific.
Art. 63.
1. A doctor creates his professional opinion only on the basis of the results of his work, therefore all advertising
is forbidden.
2. The doctor should not consent to the use of his name and image for commercial purposes.
Art. 64.
During the performance of his work, the doctor must remain sober and not be subject to any measures
addictive.
Art. 65.
The physician must not impose his services on the sick or attract patients in a manner inconsistent with the principles of ethics i
medical deontology and loyalty to colleagues.
Art. 66.
1. The doctor has the right to make an appointment about the amount of the fee before starting treatment.
2. Emergency assistance is an exception to this rule. In the absence of appropriate price lists, the doctor should refer to
your consideration, the value of the service rendered, your own costs, your qualifications and, if possible, your situation
material of the patient.
3. The doctor may treat it free of charge.
4. The doctor is not allowed to use unfair competition methods, especially in the area of ​​unreliable information about
your options for action and the cost of treatment.
Art. 67.
It is good practice to treat other physicians and their immediate family members free of charge, including widows, widowers and
orphans after doctors.
Art. 68.
If the employment of a doctor shows that he should fulfill his obligations towards the patients entrusted to his care without
financial benefits on their part, they may not demand remuneration from these sick in any form, nor
make treatment dependent on material benefits.
CHAPTER V
The doctor and the public Art. 69.
A doctor cannot refuse medical attention in urgent cases, if the patient is unable to do so
obtaining it from institutions appointed to provide assistance.
Art. 70.
The tasks performed by the doctor give him the basis for demanding protection of his personal dignity and bodily inviolability
and assistance in the performance of professional activities.
Art. 71.
The physician has a duty to draw the attention of the public, authorities and every patient to the importance of health protection, as well as to
ecological threat. The doctor cannot propagate attitudes through his conduct, also outside his work
anti-health.
Art. 72.
A physician conducting a mass epidemiological study should aim to obtain results that
will be used to improve the health of society. These studies are not expected to pose a health risk
people participating in them.
Art. 73.
A physician who decides to participate in an organized form of protest is not exempt from the obligation to provide
medical assistance, as long as failure to render such assistance may expose the patient to loss of life or deterioration of health.
Art. 74.
The doctor may not participate in the act of killing life, assisting in torture or other degrading treatment
human. Nor can he use his knowledge and skills to facilitate the use of any cruel form
proceedings.
Art. 75.
The doctor cannot use doping agents and methods for non-therapeutic purposes. The use of measures and methods recognized as
doping in people involved in sports
unethical.
CHAPTER VI
Final rules Art. 76.
In cases not provided for in the Code of Medical Ethics, the principles set out in the resolutions of the authorities should be followed
medical self-government, in the jurisprudence of medical courts and good practices adopted by the medical community.
Art. 77.
Doctors teaching students should familiarize them with the Code of Medical Ethics.
Medical students should both assimilate and respect the principles contained in this Code.
Art. 78.
Doctors who teach students or train doctors should be an example to follow
for students and young doctors under their care.
1 Principles of Correct Conduct of Clinical Trials (GCP), Warsaw 1998; Helsinki Declaration of the World Association
Doctors, Edinburgh 2000