Page 517 TITLE 10—ARMED FORCES § 981 § 979. Prohibition on loan and grant assistance to persons convicted of certain crimes Funds appropriated to the Department of De- fense may not be used to provide a loan, a guar- antee of a loan, or a grant to any person who has been convicted by a court of general jurisdiction of any crime which involves the use of (or assist- ing others in the use of) force, trespass, or the seizure of property under the control of an insti- tution of higher education to prevent officials or students of the institution from engaging in their duties or pursuing their studies. (Added Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, § 1401(c)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2615.) PRIOR PROVISIONS Provisions similar to those in this section were con- tained in the following appropriation acts: Pub. L. 98–473, title I, § 101(h) [title VIII, § 8027], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1904, 1928. Pub. L. 98–212, title VII, § 732, Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1444. Pub. L. 97–377, title I, § 101(c) [title VII, § 735], Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1833, 1856. Pub. L. 97–114, title VII, § 736, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1585. Pub. L. 96–527, title VII, § 737, Dec. 15, 1980, 94 Stat. 3087. Pub. L. 96–154, title VII, § 739, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1159. Pub. L. 95–457, title VIII, § 839, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1250. Pub. L. 95–111, title VIII, § 838, Sept. 21, 1977, 91 Stat. 906. Pub. L. 94–419, title VII, § 737, Sept. 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 1297. Pub. L. 94–212, title VII, § 737, Feb. 9, 1976, 90 Stat. 175. Pub. L. 93–437, title VIII, § 838, Oct. 8, 1974, 88 Stat. 1231. Pub. L. 93–238, title VII, § 740, Jan. 2, 1974, 87 Stat. 1045. Pub. L. 92–570, title VII, § 740, Oct. 26, 1972, 86 Stat. 1203. Pub. L. 92–204, title VII, § 741, Dec. 18, 1971, 85 Stat. 734. Pub. L. 91–668, title VIII, § 841, Jan. 11, 1971, 84 Stat. 2037. Pub. L. 91–171, title VI, § 641, Dec. 29, 1969, 83 Stat. 486. Pub. L. 90–580, title V, § 540, Oct. 17, 1968, 82 Stat. 1136. EFFECTIVE DATE Section effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1404 of Pub. L. 98–525, set out as a note under section 520b of this title. § 980. Limitation on use of humans as experi- mental subjects (a) Funds appropriated to the Department of Defense may not be used for research involving a human being as an experimental subject un- less— (1) the informed consent of the subject is ob- tained in advance; or (2) in the case of research intended to be beneficial to the subject, the informed consent of the subject or a legal representative of the subject is obtained in advance. (b) The Secretary of Defense may waive the prohibition in this section with respect to a spe- cific research project to advance the develop- ment of a medical product necessary to the armed forces if the research project may di- rectly benefit the subject and is carried out in accordance with all other applicable laws. (Added Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, § 1401(c)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2615; amended Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title VII, § 733, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1170.) PRIOR PROVISIONS Provisions similar to those in this section were con- tained in the following appropriation acts: Pub. L. 98–473, title I, § 101(h) [title VIII, § 8029], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1904, 1929. Pub. L. 98–212, title VII, § 734, Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1444. Pub. L. 97–377, title I, § 101(c) [title VII, § 737], Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1833, 1857. Pub. L. 97–114, title VII, § 738, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1585. Pub. L. 96–527, title VII, § 739, Dec. 15, 1980, 94 Stat. 3088. Pub. L. 96–154, title VII, § 741, Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1159. Pub. L. 95–457, title VIII, § 841, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1251. Pub. L. 95–111, title VIII, § 840, Sept. 21, 1977, 91 Stat. 906. Pub. L. 94–419, title VII, § 739, Sept. 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 1297. Pub. L. 94–212, title VII, § 740, Feb. 9, 1976, 90 Stat. 175. Pub. L. 93–437, title VIII, § 841, Oct. 8, 1974, 88 Stat. 1231. Pub. L. 93–238, title VII, § 743, Jan. 2, 1974, 87 Stat. 1045. Pub. L. 92–570, title VII, § 745, Oct. 26, 1972, 86 Stat. 1203. AMENDMENTS 2001—Pub. L. 107–107 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b). EFFECTIVE DATE Section effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1404 of Pub. L. 98–525, set out as a note under section 520b of this title. § 981. Limitation on number of enlisted aides (a) Subject to subsection (b), the total number of enlisted members that may be assigned or otherwise detailed to duty as enlisted aides on the personal staffs of officers of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard (when operating as a service of the Navy) during a fis- cal year is the number equal to the sum of (1) four times the number of officers serving on ac- tive duty at the end of the preceding fiscal year in the grade of general or admiral, and (2) two times the number of officers serving on active duty at the end of the preceding fiscal year in the grade of lieutenant general or vice admiral. (b) Not more than 300 enlisted members may be assigned to duty at any time as enlisted aides for officers of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps. (Added Pub. L. 98–525, title XIV, § 1401(c)(1), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2615.) PRIOR PROVISIONS Provisions similar to those in subsec. (a) of this sec- tion were contained in Pub. L. 94–106, title VIII, § 820(a), Oct. 7, 1975, 89 Stat. 544, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 98–525, §§ 1403(c), 1404, eff. Oct. 1, 1985. Provisions similar to those in subsec. (b) of this sec- tion were contained in the following appropriation acts: Pub. L. 98–473, title I, § 101(h) [title VIII, § 8034], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1904, 1930. Pub. L. 98–212, title VII, § 742, Dec. 8, 1983, 97 Stat. 1446.